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The Jubilee History

PARRAMATTA.

In commemoration of the First Half-Cenlury of Municipal Government, 1861-1911.

Edited by J. Cheyne Wharton.

P;iiv;im;ilt;i, 3Ulu ^outli f'f'liilfs:

Printed and Published by Thomas I). Little and Kkhaiii. Stewaut Eichakdson, nt The Cumueelaxd Aiigus

Printing Woikf, Cliurch and llacqujine Streets.

1911.

The r'arramatta Coiiucil; from the records
The Water Supply
Care of the Finances . .
The Healthfiiluess of P;irram;il(;i ..
The Sewerage Svstem . .

CONTENTS.

PART I.

(Authorised by the I'ouiieil.)

Page.
. o-2'J
13
17
22
24

The Town Hall

ilayois of J'an-amatta ( I8(i2-]01] )
The Mayoral Deadlock ( 1,S73)
Aldermen of Parramatta (UllJ)
Conncil Clerks ( ],S(i2-Jf»H )

I'agc

27
27
29-
29-

PART II.

Chapter I.— The Early Days

Labor and Capital — The First Conference
The Depot for Convict Women
Government House and the Governors
The Railway and the Trams . .
Fifty Years Ago— by T. D. Little . .

Chapter II. — The Churches of Parramatta

St. John 's

All Saints'

St. Patrick's

St. Andrew's

The Congregational Church . .

The Baptist Church

The Methodist Church — bv the Rev. G. C. Percival

Page.
. 31-44

. 31
37
3!)
40
43

4.5-G7

4.")
48
.54
■57
59
02
63

68-84

68
71
73

Chapter III. — Distinguished Parramattans

Samuel Marsden

John Macarthur

George Fairfowl Macarthur . .

W^ B. Clarke and W. Woolls . .

C. L. Rumker and J. Dunlop . .

The Father of Parramatta Journalism . . SO

Other Good Old Parramattans . . . . . . 81

Chapter IV. — The Oldest Grammar School in .\ustrali:i 85 104

The King's School (1832-1011) So

Two Scholarshij) Boards . . . . . . . . sfl

The King's School To-day— by the Headmaster .. !)0
What The King's School Stands For— by the Rev.

A. H. Champion, M.A.. late Headmaster . . 92
The Interregnum — by L. J. Trollope, Acting-Head-
master (1863-4) .. .. .. .; ();{

The King's School in 1869— by Mr. .rustice Pring '.n

Changes and Alterations — by the Headmaster . . 9.1

Athletics at the School — by W. Stewart Corr. M.A. 98
The King's School Old Boys' Union— bv J. H. M.

Abbott . , .... . . ' . mi

Chapter V.— The Public Schools of Parramatta

Chapter VI.— Parramatta and Defence . .

Volunteer Inf:intry
Cavalrv

10.5-106

107-113

11)7
109

Page.

The Mounted Forces of Australia— by Brigadier-
Col. Burns .. .. .. __ __ 229;

Our Men in War Time— by Lt.-Col. C. F. Cox, C.B. 113-

C|ia|.ter \'ll.— Parramatt.'i and .\gvicnlture

I'hai.ter \" 1 1 1.— Parramatta 's I'nlilical History—
by ,]. Arundel

Chapter IX. — Institutions and Charitable Socie
tits of I'arramatta

The District Hospital— by T. D. Little
The Medical Institute — by Joe Button
Ccuirt Pride of .Australia
(lorernnu'nt Institutions

t'hapter X. — The l';irr;imatta P.-irlc

Chapter XI. — Athletics and Sport in Parram:itta

Bowling — by Robert Ccddrick

Cricket — by T. D. Little

Football— iiy (1. B. Davey

Racing and Hunting

Cliiiptcr XII.— Parramatta Men of ^[;irk

Clia|iter XIII.— The First Railway in X.S.AV.—

Sydney to Parramatta — by Harry Rich-
ardson. Assistant Commissioner for
Tr;imways

('h.-ipler .\1\'. — Tlie Progress iit I'arranjat ta. as
e\i(lence(l liy Thrift .. .^ , ^

Cliaplcr .W, — Culture in l'an;imatta

Tiie School nf Arts— by .1. Aniii.lel ..
Music in I'arr.-iinatta — bv .Mfrcd I'.arrv

List of I Ihistr.itions and Inde.x at end of tlie book.

114-11?

118-121'

122-129'

. . 122

. . 12-»-

. . 125-

. . 126

130-132--

133-145-

. . 133-

. . 137

. . 141

. . 143

147-151-

lo2-1.53'

1.54

loo-ier

155

15»-

stack
Annex

PREFACE.

HE EDITOR desiies to tliank very heartily tlie gentlemen who have furnished
the signed articles that adorn the History ; also, those ladies and gentlemen
who have been good enough to supply photographs and reminiscences of
historical persons and landmarks and happenings.

Thanks are also due to Ministers of the Crown, to the Mayor and Aldermen of
Parramatta, and to the Officers of the Federal, Stale and Civic Departments for their
courtesy in facilitating researches.

It would be invidious to mention the name of any one of the many persons
who have placed their valued services at the Editor's disposal.

But his living predecessors who have written about Old Parramatta — Arch-
deacon Gunther, Dr. Andrew Houison, Mr. W. H. Huntington and Mr. William
Freame — will perhaps pardon the Editor for acknowledging thus publicly his
indebtedness to their interesting publications in the columns of ''The Argus'' and
in pamphlet form.

Parramatta, November 27th, 1911.

THE JUBILEE IIISTOKY OF PAKRAMATTA.

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PART I.

THE PARRAMATTA COUNCIL.

FROM THE RECORDS.

AUTHORISED BY THE COUNCIL.

PARRAMATTA observed commendable prudence
in the establishment of Municipal government.
In the 40's Mnnir-ipal Cnuncils were being
established in various parts of Australia; Adelaide
set an example towards the end of 1840, to be fol-
lowed by Sydney and ilelbourne in the November
and December respectively of 1842. But the New
South Wales municipal machinery was very defec-
tive, and Sydne.y was the
"awful example" to the
thoughtful citizens of Parra-
matta, who naturally wanted
to see how the experiment
would an.swer elsewhere be-
fore they introduced it into
their town. And it did not
an.swer at all in Sydney.
After seven y.'ars of it the
l"'eople raised such an angry
clamor against the Council's
incompetence that a select
committee of the Legislative
Council iiujuired into the
nmtter and found unanimous-
ly that "the bod,v had en-
tirely lost the confidence of
the citizens and was regarded
as an impediment to the im-
I)rovement of the city." An
Act was thereafter passed
aixilishing the corporation
and v<»sting its power in
three Conuuissioners. This
was in 18.'i4. and the trium-
virate, one of whom, by the
way, was Mi-. 6. Elliott,
known in Parramatta as an
active official, held sway un-
til 1857. Ill this latter year
the Council was re-establish-
ed, and. though its first

Ma.yor was Mr. (Jeorge Thornton another man well
known in Parramatta). it had not nearl.\- got through
its troubles, which at last culminated in iiisolveiic.v
and the sequestration of its estate.

The fact was that the efforts of the Aldermen were
hampered b.y the deficient legislation, and it was not
until 18.58 that an Act was passed which, whilst it
made provision for dissolving, if necessary, the then
existing district Councils, placed the control of the

ALD. W. F. J AGO, Mayor, 1911

areas concerned under the Municipal Cmincils to be
elected by the ratepayers.

The revenue of the governing bodies was to be
derived from rates, etc., supplemented b.v a propor-
tionate grant from the Government. It was uiuler
this Act, which was not to be amended until 1867,
that Parramatta was incorporated and the Borougli
proclaimed on November 27, 1861.

The First Council.
It so happened that in 1897
the late ilr. John Taylor, one
of the first Aldermen of Par-
ramatta, M'rote out a list of
the members of the first
Council. He was then the
sole siu'vivor of that body,
and now he too has joined
the great majorit.v. An his-
toric interest then attach(>s
to this maniiscri|)t, wliich is
pi'odiici'd ill facsimile on ano-
ther page. The elections
were held in December, 1861,
and on Januar.v 2, 1862, the
('oiincil began the years of
useful laboi- which this Olfi-
cial History commemoi'ates.
All the AldcTiricii were pre-
sent, and on the motion of
Aldermen James Byriu>s, af-
terwards Ma.vor and ^liiiister
of tile Crown. Alderman P.ve
was called to the chair. The
important business before
the meeting was the election
of the first ^Maxor of Parra-
matta, and the lioimr was
keenly contested. Aldi'rman
Honison moved, and Alder-
man Taylor seconded, "That
Alderman B,vrnes is a ]n-oper
person to be elected !Ma.vor, " and Aldei-man
ITarvev and Alderman Good did the like office
for Alderman John AVilliams in similar words.
There was a show of hands, when three were held up
for Alderman B,yrnes and three for Alderman Wil-
liams, the candidates themselves modestl.v refrain-
ing from votin;"-. The Chairman gave his vote in
favor of Alderman Williams, who was thus dnl.y
elected. At the next meeting, after an ineffectual

THE .RTBILEE HI8T0T?Y OF PARRAMATTA.

SOME OF PARRAMATTAS EX-MAYORS.

(1) JOHN WILLIAMS. (4) RICHARD HARPER. (7) SAMUEL BTROE. (Id) FRANK DEAMES.

(2) JAS. BYRNES. (.5) THOMAS W. BOWDEN. (8) JOSEPH BOOTH. (11) JOSEPH \V. WITHERS.

(3) JAMES PYE. (6) JOHN GOOD. (9) JOSEPH SMITH. (12) WILLIAM J. FERRIS.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

lircilesl ji.uiiilist llir ciiuliniial ion n\' tlic iiiiinilcs, iMi-.
•Idlm Charles H;ii'kci- was ;i|)|Miiii|i'(l ('Icrk pru triii.,
a iiuiiilH'f of iiotim's oi' inntidii wcit liaiHk'd in, the
[ilai/f 111' ]iiccting- was fixed as the Ciiiirt IIdiisc "until

THE FIRST COUNCIL.

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Mr. John Taylijr supplied the above list, in his own handwriting, to the Editor of 'THE

ARGUS, • in 1897.

sDiiie (itliei- more suitable place Ije procured," and the
('oiincil (h'l'ided that the hour of meeting should he
4 o'ch)ek. Aldermen lost no time in ^ettin-i- to busi-
ness. By-law.s and Improvement Committees were
ai)poiiited on .Fanuary 7 and 13.
On Januai-y 20 the ^Ia.\or was
iiisli'iicted lo ask the (jovernor
to liand over the water reser-
voir at .\orth Hocks. The By-
laws were considered at length
on .January 27. and on February
'■\ they were further considered
antl adopteil as amended. The
pace was evidently too hot for
.\layoi' Williams, who resijiiied,
and on February 17 Alderman
r>y rnes was elected in liis stead.
.\t I he same meetinu' the first
.\uditoi' was a])pointcd in the
person of .Mr. E. L. Rowiini;'.
(In Fchniaiy L'l' Mr. Patrick
ilayi's' lenilcr to asses.s the
Parish of SI. .lohn for £30 was
accejiti'd. and he aL;reed. more-
over, to assess the i'arish of
Field of JIais for another i:2().
Aldermen wei'e not eager to be
I'icli. but they wanted mone.v for
I 111' munici|ial services, where-
fore, whilst J\Ir. Hayes was
uiven two months from March
1 wherein to asse.ss the town,
the Pai'ish of St. Jolin w'as to
"he done with as little dela.v as
possible." The second .\uditor.
iMr. A. E. Dare, was appointed
on Feln'uary 2-t, but it was not
until .March 17 that the Council
considered I he matter of the
'J'oAvn Clerkship. It was decided
llial the officer should be both
Town Clerk and Treasurer, that
his salai-y should l)e i;2(X) a
year, and that his sureties
should be himself in £200 and
two others in t;400 each. It
\vas movetl by >\lderman Taylor
and seconded by Aldermau
Payten (who had taken Alder-
man Uood's place a month be-
fore) that Vly. Barker should be
appointed, as he had done all
the clerical work l)efore and
since ineoi'poration. but it was
finally decided that applica-
tions should be invited by ad-
vertisement. .Mr. liarker was,
however. a|)piiiiilcil at the next
iiicctiuL;'. .March :!1. .\1 the
same meeting (1||. Council ti'ied
to hnrry up the (iovenunent
about the Coinnuju Seal. It was
wantctl for business, not orna-
ment, but Aldermen did not,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

therL'i'ore. |)r(i[)(i.si.' to be i)ut off with an iiinvortliy
instrument. Wherefore they demanded that the
desiun should he forwarded "with as little delay as
jiussible, for the Couneirs approval."'

Three Important Matters.

Very early in the Coiineil's history, as has been
seen, interest was shown in what was to become cue
of the mo.st i>rotitable assets in the town. Hunt's
Creek Reservoir. <uid it was not much later that the
Couneil directed its attention to another important
point in ^Municipal affairs — the lighting of the streets.
The Improvement Committee was instructed on April
14 to "consider the best mode of lighting the two
main streets of the town. viz.. George-street, from the
wharf to the domain gates, and Church-street, from
the i)oundary near Beckett's Bridge to the boundary
near Bntkeii Back Bridge, and to estimate the prob-
able cost of lamp posts, lamps, etc., and the erection

justitied. it may be stated — the Under-Secretary add-
ed that the Government had such contideuce in the
Council that the permissicm to borrow the £600 had
not been rescinded. "What other Council has ever
had [lerniission to borrow money and has not used
it .' And has there ever been since so sublimely trust-
ful a Treasury ?

The First Town Hall.

Possibly the remarkable abstinence of the Council
was encouraged by the fine theory that the ordinary
revenue. Mith the Government subsidy, would nudic
the Borough independent of the loan market. The
rate struck was Is in the £ on "the fair average
annual value of all lands, houses, warehouses, count-
ing houses, shops and other buildings.'' But it is
one thing to strike a rate, and another thing to get it
in; and later in the year the Council was to have a
sad experience or two in connection herewith, ilean-

THE OLD COUNCIL CHAMBERS.

oT the same." The same year, too, saw the first of
the Borough's financial transactions, and proliably
this is unicjue in the history of Municipal Boroughs.
The Council passed a resolution on April 14 asking
Government's approval of a loan of £6U0 being ob-
tained for permanent improvements — the construc-
tion of three drains, the building of a bridge, and the
making of repairs to the proposed Council Chambers.
This approval was granted. Init the mone\- was not
borrowed! For, when the Governor authorised in
the following October the raising of £5000, "on the
revenue of this Municipality for three years, for
making streets and bridges and all incidental ex-
penses in connection therewith," the Treasurv noted
that the £5000 was to include the £600, authoi-ised
but not borrowed. AVith touching faith— thoroughly

while things proceeded briskly. Aldermen were
tired of meeting in the Court House, and, as has been
seen, part of the £600 loan, which was never bor-
rowed, was to be devoted to the "pernuinent" work
of repairing Elder House, the building which had
been selected as the first Town Hall, and
which is illustrated above on this page. The
Council took it on yearly lease at £50 a
year, from ]\Iay 12. 1862. and, as it had
accommodation for the Town Clerk and his family
as well as for otifiees and meeting room, the rent can,
Imrdly be counted extravagant as things went 50
.vears ago. It was at the j-egular meeting held here
on May 12, that the first Town Surveyor Avas appoint-
ed, in the person of Mr. James H. Thomas, chosen out
of eleven api)licauts (he resigned his appointment

TiiE JUBILEE lilSTOKY OF I'AUUAMATTA.

))erore tlie end i>i' tlie niuiiicipfil year). The (Jinmeil
iiDW became more fawliionable in its habits, and the
hour of meeting was changed from 4 to 6.30 p.m.,
■which must have had its inconveniences for persons
who had their principal evening meal at the then, and
now, nsual liour. What did concern them was the
slowness of the Government to hand over the North
Rocks Reservoir to tliem. Alderman Byrnes reported
that the Golonial Secretary had repeatedly promised
to accede to their recpiest "at an early date.'' (The
Colonial Secretary at the time was Mr. — afterwards
Sir — Charles Cowper. Things Ministerial moved

"the Domain (t)iiairi('s laud.'" Possibly willi a view
to work this block ecoiH)micaliy and well, the Coune-il
now definitely decided upon the engagement and pay
of its staff of laborers. In May it had been proposed
to employ four laborers at 5s a day, but that had
been negatived. Now in July it was decided to
em|il(iy two or thi'ec on d.ay wages "at 5s per day
during tiie hours thc>- work, and that a full day's
labor shall be computed at the hours from 7 a.m. to
5 p.m., during the Winter, and from li a.m. to (j j).m.
during the Sunmier." No meutiou is made of meals,
but presumably time was allowed off for them.

THE TOWN HALL, PARRAMATTA.

(|uickly in those days. Mr. Cowper was now at the
head of the seventh ministi'y appointed since the
establishment of responsible government in 1856,
and this was the third of the five Cabinets he form-
ed). It is worth noting as prophetic of the care the
Council has all along taken of the Borough, that a
strong complaint was more than once made to
Government this year of the nuisance created by the
drainage of the Lunatic Asylum being turned into the
fresh water of the river.

Sir John Robertson makes his first bow to the Par-
ramatta (Jouneil in connection with t\w Donuiin
Quarry. He was then Secretary for Lands, and he
promised the Mayor to grant the Borough a block of

The Railway and the Town,

Now there was moi'c trouble about the lighting of
the town. The Council clearly saw that "to prevent
collision and danger to life and limb now liable to
|)ersoHs coming to and from the railway station,"
thei-e should be a lamp — "a night ligiit" it was
called — "at the corner of Argyle-street and the rail-
way enclosure fence, close to the railway bridge."
Eciually clearly the Council saw that, as the danger
was created by the Railway people — the railway.?
were, of course, then governed directly by a Minister
— it was the Government that should ere<'t and nuiiii-
tain this light. Sir Joini Robertson promised thre.-i
times to come uj) and look at this site, but he never

tiiE .TrniLEE history of i'akrajiatta.

could spai'c tiiiif. as iiiay be learned from later
entries in the minute l)();)k. Finally the Couneil had
to erect the lani]) itself and maintain it. flLiW dif-
ferent would it have been if the Kaihvavs had be;-.i

Frederick Charles Cox, Mayor 1884.

under expert coutrDl. fi-ec from all political and .social
intiuence ! To-day a jiuhlic body has only to repre-
sent its case to the Chief Commissioner for Railways.
He receives the deputation ■with Chestertieldian
politeness and irrants their recpiest if he finds it
reasonable. But thing's were different 50 years ago!)

Defaulters — their Genesis.

The Anderson Fountain makes its first a|ipeai'ance
this year. Dr. Anderson, a worthy and i)opular citi-
zen, had left money in his will for the erection of a
fountain, and public opinion in Parramatta had
selected for the site of this fountain the piece of
land on the western side of Church-street, in front
of St. John's Church. But JIayor Byrnes had heard
that Secret ai-y for Laud Robertson, the facile i)ro-
miser of (piarries. had lieen asked to retire this piece
of land from public property. The Council promjjtly
decided to ask the Jlinister for the envied block, and
as is known, the application was successful. That
it was not iiuide too soon is evident from the subse-
c|ueiit elaboration of the Minister's projxisal, with
which the i-eader nuty not be worried. That was on
July 21. and next month the second ■"quarterly
meeting of the. Aldermen of the Town of i'arra-
matta'' was held "for the transaction of general
busiuess." (The first, held iu Jlay, was mainly con-

ceriiecl in tlie votini;' of some tl'T to ,Mr. liarker for
services rendered as Temporai'y Town Clerk for the
three months before his regular appointment.) At
this meeting the "rates and anu)unts on houses anil
lands for the half year ending June 80" were an-
iu)unced as £459 5s id. and that sum, together with
the £ for £ Government subsidy, was the revenue of
the Borough for the first six months of its existence.
Yes. but it was not all revenue ; for it was sok'uudy
announced at the same meeting that there were 119
defaulters for house properties and 176 for landed
[)rop'erty. If those defaulters could not he forced to
I)ay their rates there would be a considerable hole
in the £-159 5s -Id, and in the proportirju^ite Govern-
ment subsidy, and the jierturbed Aldi-i-men resolved
forthwith to obtain a legal opinion — '"the ver\' best."
said the anxious resolution — as to how to meet the
trouble.

In those d;iys it was tlu' hal)it. perhaps the law,
for the recorder of minutes to write at the end,
"ad.jourued sine die."" It is. perhaps, luit to be
wondered at that the postsei-iiit to the meeting nest
following the sad enumeration of defaulters, was:
"The Couneil ad.journed sine die. but with the uiuler-
standing that the iNIayor will call them together

Edward Pascoe Pearce. Mayor, 1902-3,

again on Wednesday next."" The next meeting, how-
ever, was not held on the Wednesday, but on the
Satui'day after, August 2:i, and it was at this meet-
ing that the Council resolved to float the £5000 loan
to which reference has already been made. The
lighting (juestion came up again on September 'd,

TUE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

when the Town Surveyor reported on the unsuitalile-
ness of kerosene for street li^-htini;-, and at tlie next
meetiny a tioiid slcp forwaiNl was anmiuin'ed wIh'Ii
it was .slated tlial (lovcniiiieiit had at hist handed
over the reservoir to tiie ('ouneil. As a matter of fact
the statement was premature. The Council mi<;ht
rest assured that the reservoir wouhl he granted to
them, Init this assurance would not hold uood in a
point of law. and the Conneil conse((uently devoted
much paper and postage in re((uests to the ^Minister
to issue the proper grant. The Minister replied as
Ministers do, that this will he done with the usual
despatch, th.it the grant "will come in its ordinary
course.'' Meanwhile, however. Aldermen made sure
care was taken of this valuable aei|uisition to the

and wanted to know how much
money tlieir warraids iiad I'e-
eovered. None! They had not
l)een issueil. liecjuise the Com-
mon Seal about which the
Cduncil hail already reminded
the (Jovernment, was not yet
ready. A similar excuse to be
nuide at the meeting of Octolior
15, but a fortnight later, tlie
Seal had arrived safely and had
l)een duly affixed to the war- John Saunders.

rants. But. unfortunately for Mayor 1907

the Council, the defaulters were not so vividly im-
press(^d liy the Seal as was exiieeted and desired

THE OFFICERS OF THE PARRAMATTA COUNCIL, 1911.

Standing ll.ft In riglil\-H. Oberman, CoUeclor; W. M. Con. Overseer of Works; C. W. Bardsley. Sanitary Inspector.

Sitting J. Ellis, Jun., Draftsman ; W. G. Moffilt, Accountant ; S. Davies. Town Clerk ; L. W. Saladine, Deputy Clerk ; G. G. Veitch. Junior Clerk.

Town's assets, and regulations were from tiiin> to
timi' made \'ny ihu management of tlie i'esrr\(iii'.

Trouble with Defaulters.

By this time tlie Council had decided to take strong
measures with defaulters. Warrants of Distress were
to be issued, it declared im Septemliei- :i. and then
Aldei'nien came up to the meetinu' a fortnight later

Amongst otiier m'cessary paraphernalia a Bailiff.
Ralph -Mood, had been appointed, and he had gon,>
round with his sealed warrants, bnl. unfortunately,
he had not been received with the degree of warmth,
whitdi a zt>alous officer should inspire. Certain
defaulters had been quite rude to him. indeed, and
there ^^•as a lot of trouble. The ^hiyor was author-
ised to "take steps," so that tli(>re was a pretty

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

ccinsidcrablc mess. Ilowover. in one caso at any rato,
the Council seoreil, inasnuich as the goods seized hy
the alert Bailiff for overdue rates, £2 8s lid, were
sold for £;^ (is. It is not recorded in the niiiuites, by
the way. that the Council's first troubles witli
dcl'aultinii' ratepa\'i'rs were also the last.

" Offensive Language."
is pleasant to know tliat Aldermen

.f the
Parr'amatta of those days — as now — were not given
tn foilowinL;' the example of Parliament in the matter
of miscellaneous lano'iiage. Thus, there was a
discussion at the quarterly meeting in November
about confirming the minutes, and Alderman Nash
ventured to give his opinion. Then the official recoi'd
goes on : —

"]\Ir. Alderman Taylor said with regard to Mv.
Alderman Nash. 'I take Alderman Nash as no
authority on points of order. lie l<niiws nothing
about it.'

"JMr. Alderman Nash appealeil to the Chair (which
was occupied by Mr. Alderman Williams) and said
that the expressions used were offensive.

"The Chairman ruled .Mr. Alderman Taylor out of
order and re(|uested him to witlidraw the exi)ressions.

expressions nuule use of towards Alderman Nash."
Cai-ried unanimously. The Chairnuiu requested the

Church Streef, Parramatta, looking South, showing Town Hall.

"Alderman Taylor would not withdraw them. Ch-rk to call Alderman Taylor, hut he would not

whereon the Chairman re<|uesteil him to retire whilst leturu.""

the Council considered the matter. Then the tnmlile was r.'vived at next Council,

"Mr. Alderiiuiu Taylor having retired. :\lr. Alder- November a. (luiqiowdcr Da.w of all days. The

man Pyc moved and :\lr. Ablerman Ilarviw seccinded, .Mayor was on ileck this time and he suh-iindy called

that 'Alderman Tayh.i' withdraw ll Ifen.sive mi .Mderuian Tavlor to •• i-et I'act. " an<l the ai'ciised

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

haviiij,' liad tlu^ offensive expressions read over to
him sijiiiified his willingness to withdraw tlie second
sentenee abont Alderman N.ish ("He knows nothing
al)out it.") hnt he ilistinetly and lirmly deeiiiied to
withdraw the other remarlc ("I talve Alderman Nash
as no authoi'ity npon iioints of order.") The i\Iayor
conid do no more, Imt llie aggrieved Alderman
dechired that he would ap])ly for redress nnder the
Mnnieipal Act.

What a remarkably polite and sensitive body the
Parramatta Council was in 1862 — and now — if
animadversions on an Alderman's authority on points
of order were regarded as offensive, by all but the
Alderman who made them.

The Councirs Main Objects.

It would ln' manifestly impossible, even if it were
desirable, to go thi-ough each of the oO years of the
Council's histor\' and iletail the doings of each vear.

to know every detail of the methodical work of the
Council.

The nuun ob.ject, indeed, of dwelling so fully on
tlu' first year's work of the Council is to emphasise
the far-sightedness of the fathers of Jlunieipal
Government in Parramatta. It will have been seen
that, apart from the ordinary objects of municipal
enterprise, which they were far from neglecting, they
devoted jjarticular attention to certain definite enter-
prises which had to do with the advancement of
Parramatta. Thus we see that they considered care-
fully — (a) The water supply of the town; (b) Its
lighting; (c) Its health, and (d) Its finances. A
number of other things grouped round these, and to
them due attention was paid. To all due attention
is being paid to-da.y, and the work done may bo
regarded more clearly if each subject is taken
separately, rather than if the reader were retpiired
to read a conglomerate re-hash of the official minutes.

Main Entrance to Parramatta Park, George Street.

This first year has lieen treated in this wa.\'. all tin;
salient points being noted, because its reeorils show
how the Aldermen devoted themselves to their
important work, and how the,\' selected particular
lines upon which tlieir energies should be focussed.
It would not in the least interest llii' oi'dinarv reader

THE WATER SUPPLY.

Ill the very first month of its existem-e, as has been
noted, the Council started on the work of securing to
citizens the control of an ample suppl.v of fresh
water. For various reasons, which it is uot necessary

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARR AM ATT A.

now to enumerate, the fresh water that Hows into
the Parramatta branch of Sydney Harbour, was not
to tlu^ liking of citizens. An agitation was, there-
fore, started, and early in the "tiftii's" it had lieen
so far suecessful that a daiii liad been cnnstrueted at
Hunt's ('reek. One of the main causes that insti-
gated, and .justified, the eitizens to have llirir town
inc(]r|Kirated was a desire that the watei- impounded
at Hunt's Creek should be conducted into the town.
They were not then aware, perhaps, that the Govern-
ment, with the resources of the community behind
it, could lay the necessary pipes, but that a Muni-
(■\]m\ ('o\nieil. as the law then was, would find its

"]Mr. Pye, " the correspondent goes on, "bought a
I)ieee of land on Hunt's Creek, and gave the site on
whicdi the dam is now erected. With a satisfied con-
victiiin (if its iirni-ticMl utility ami the inealeulable
aTid |icriM:iiicnt licndils to tc dcrivi il ti) the com-
munity from a iiermanent supply of i)ure water, 'Sir.
I've has devoted a large share of his time and atte:i-
tion to an almost daily supervision of the woi-ks.
from their commencement to completion. He secured
the advice of the late Sir Thomas JMitchell and ]\Ir.
Clarke, whose opinions c<)nfirmed the eligibility of
the spot selected. The work is one of very great
stabilitx'. There is uotbinu' of the kind in tlic culony

Old George Street, Parramatta, shewing Government House in 1790.

way obstructed at every slcp. licfore. however, the
Borcuigh was ineorjior'ateil. the foundations oi tliis
great as-set, great financially as well as from a health
point of view, had been duly laid. In a Sydney papei'
dated September 10th. 1857. there is a description of
the work that had then been accomplished. A
I'arranuitta correspondent of the jiaper. who signs
himself "Omega." records the names of the Com-
mittee which had charge()f the construction of the
dam. This Committee consisted of Messrs. D. Forbes,
J. Pye. M.P., A. Finch, Holden. and Suttor. M.W.
and subsequently of Messrs. F- 0. Dowall and Gould.

e((i|;il Id il . The (hi 111 is ci illsl n Icl (■( I of solid lll.'isonry ;
il is alioiil S(l yards in the open, 1.") I'eel Ihiek iil the
base, iiiid S feet at the top; it is 30 feel liigh from
I lie lied of the creek. The facc of the dam ])resents
a pei'peiidicnhir hut convex surface to the stream,
like an arch laid pnisl rate, the slope to the foiuula-
lion is on the bacl< or concave side. There is a
I'.ir.ipel about 4 IVet high ahuig the water edge of
llie sniFacc. alioiil the centi'e of which is inserted a
maible slab, and on the slab is insci'ilie(l the name
of Sii- William l)ei]isoii, the year in which llie
si iMicI iii'e was coiiipleled. and the names ol' tin;

THE JUDILEE lliSTUliY 0¥ TAliUA-MATTA.

Sll|)cr\ isi(ili,-|l ( '(ilrilliill<'i'. Till' liril dl' till' rl'rrk at.
till' fare dl' till' ihiiii IS iipwarils of l-t I'ri't ahiivr tin'
li'\-cl 111' till' stri'i't at till' coriirr in rrniit nl' tlu' ('inirt
IIiiiisi'. Till.' siipiily 1)1' water wmild hi' aiiiplr for
S\diii'y jilsii. When the jiipes are laid im, all the
tiovernnient oftiees and institutious may lie supplied.
Jlr. Pre has sugi;ested tliat pipes should he laid in
the direi'lion of the main street to I'ai-i-ainal la. ami
fiMintains ereeted at eoiivenieiit dislaiiees. rapalile ol'
siipplyinu' water carts, eti/.. and that they should he
laid hy deiirees aeeordin^ as the funds were avail-
ahle. The i_lam is distant frmii the Court Ilniise
ahout a mile and tlirei'-i|uai ters. Sdoii after comple-
tion it was testi'd and found to throw the Avater baidc
for Ilp\^■al■l!s of a mile and a half. In this distance

shoiilil take |)lace. as the dam is let into the solid
loi'k which forms the hank- on hoth sides of the
creek, and against which it ahiits."'

The Council's Work.

It was this dcsirahle asset that came within tlie
view of Parramatta when the Poroui;h was incor-
porated, and. as the Mr. I'ye who had talvcn so
patriotic ami hroad-iiiinded a part in its creation
was one of the Aldermen, it Avas naturally e.xiiected
that the L'ouiicil would rise to the occasion. And
those ex])ectations ha\'i' heeii thorouiihly fiiltilled.
though it was Alderman Pyriies. not Alderman Jame.s
Pye. who moved the t'oiineil to take the first step
in the matter — the steji that has been recorded ahove.

Old Government House, Parramatta Park, 1911.

are several bend.s of the creek, forming ba.sins or
bays of considerable extent, which were first navi-
gated by the Hon. Mr. Donaldson (the first Premier
of New South Wales and the father of the present
v\rehbis]iop of Brisbane) and several other gentle-
men. The water has been analysed by Professor
Smith, and found to he of purer ipiality than an>' in
the neighbourhood of Parramatta. Mr. Randle was
the contractor, and ]\Ir. Moriarty the engineer. The
foundation is very substantial, an immensity of labor
having been exjiended on it. It is scarcely possible
that it could be swe|)t away hy any liody of water
the creek would hold, or that a leak of any extent

All the same, people then, and now, recognise that
it is largely to James Pye that Parramatta owes the
possession of a supply of water which has, in a double
sense, floated the Borough into peaceful waters.

Governor Denison is commemorated here, and
fjovernor Denison had no more to do with the work
than the King's jiicture had to do with the printing
of a half-penny postage stamp. If anybody's name
is to be renuunbered in connection with the beginning
of this enteriu'ise it is that of James Pye. IIi> sought
no honors in his life time, and he was content to give
his services to the people withmit fee or reward, or
even recoj^uitiou. None the less is it the duty of the

THE JUBILEE IIISTOUY OF PAKRAIMATTA.

citi/.nis wild li:i\c hi'iii'Hlccl. wlni ai'c to-day l)enetit-
iiii;-, hy liis piitriotisiii, to nMiieiul)ei' — haply, to com-
iiiciiioraU' — the good he did them.

Since the moment i\\>- reservoir was hauded over
to the Council by the (iovernment there has been no
looking bacdv. True, the brilliant anticipations of
the writer, whose description of the dam has jnst
liecii (|ni'ti'd. have not been caiTied out to the letter.
'1 hr Hunt's ('re(ds: Reservoir, for instance, has not
liecn able to supply Sydnex' as well as Parramatta
with a constant flow of fresh water, and there have
been times when Parramatta itself has been obliged to

in his inlercslinL; li'ltei- on the sub.jeet to '"'i'lie Cunl-
berland Argns" a couple of months or so ago. the
then law was dead against any such "ridiculous
l)roposar" as the bringing of water into n town. If
towns] 'eople wanted any water better than that
supjilied at their tloms by initure, let them go out
with their buckets ;uid fetch in foreign wateiM The
law had no patience with the absurd idea ol' bringing
the -water to the people, and, even Axiien the law
had been taught more sense in this I'espeiM. the
difticulties of the enterprise seemed insurmountable.
A way through them, however, Avas found l)y iMr.

Church Street, looking South, showing Post Office.

call upon the Nepean to supplement the efforts of the
local supply. That, of course, was not dreamt of in
the early (hiys of the Parranuitta Council. Its main
business was to get the water into the town, and it
went al)out this business lhor(Mighly, deserving all
the success whicli has since been attained. Mr. Pyc
liad conveyed the fee simple of the portion of the
Reservoir which he had ac(piired for the public
heiH'fit, to the Pairamatta Water ( 'oiiimissiotU'rs.
After various delays, this fee sim|)le was obtained.
Then there was tfouble about laying th(> pipes, and
the Council has to contest "trespass" suits. As a
niatter of fact, as Mr. George K. Young pointed out

(then Alderman) Young's brother, who submitted a
scheme, prejjared by some London engineer on the
basis of ii plan |)repared by the then Town Surveyor,
IMr. Ralpli Richardson (father of the present Railway
Conunissioner). Mr. Young's statement that this
scheme was approved by the Council is supported by
the minute book, so that amongst the persons to
whom Parramatta owes a debt of gratitude in i-egai'd
ti> its water suppix Ihere shonlil be enuiiKTaled .Mr.
• ieoruc i'^ ^'oung and his brother.

l'"or tlu' last half ceidui'y this supply of water has
been worth more than its weiglit in gold. It was not
sufficient for the wants of Sydney, as the Parramatta

THE Jubilee ihstuuy of pakuamatta.

C()rr('S|i(iii(l('iit of tlic iiii'tropolitan paper above
(|U(it(Ml priijilicsicd. It was not even always sufficient
f(ir till' wants of I'arraniatta. Hut it has been a
iHiiintifiil sonree of revenue as well as of water. It
cost much to bring' the water into the town anil to
maintain and improve the dam and the supply; but
all this i-ost has been more than al)undantly re-i)aid.
In tile old days when each Municipal activity was
undei- a separate headin"' and had its own accoiuit
in the liank and in the Council's books, the Water
Account used sometimes to be overflowing', whilst
the others were in a very low state. In such cases
tile Council wisclv borrowed from the Water

you ma.v. construct pipes as fret'ly as possil)le for tin'
conveyance of the water from the dam to the town;
but if the rains do not fall, and if the dam becomes
little better than an emi)ty cistern — what then? This
has unhappily occurred more than once in the history
of Parramafta. Our local supjily has failed, and we
have been obliged to draw on the resources of the
Nepean water suppl.y. Indeed, as po])ulation
increased, and the demands on the local suppl\' were
almost centupled, it liecame a (|iicsti(iii for the
Council wiiether nv nut the Xe[)ean water supjily
should lie substituted regularly for our own. Aldcr-
hien wisel.v referi'i'il the ipiestioii to tiie ratepayers,

Parramatta River, showing Protestant Orphan Home, now Rydalmere Hospital for Insane.

Account, and everything went on swimmingly again.
Indeed, it is hard to decide which to admire most,
the civic patriotism of Mr. James Pye in practically
presenting the foundations of this great asset to the
town : the persistent efforts of the Council throughout
its lifty years of life to make this asset of imiiiediate
present value to citizens; or the lirilliaut linancijil
success which has ci'owned these efforts.

One thing was forgotten by the prophets of 1857,
the jiossible recurrence of droughty seasons. The
best laid scliemes of engineers, the most canii\st
fft'oi'ts of civic legislators, are jiaralysed in the face
of nature's eccentricities. Build the dam as well as

who decided by a majority that the Nepean supply
should be introduced as a permanent thing. It is
now. But there are parts of Parramatta which it
cannot reach, and tliese are supplied from the
reservoir which a patriotic Alderman in-esented to
the town, and which succeeding iiatriotic Aldermen
ha\'e iiiipi'ovcil and preserved for the use of citizens.

CARE OF THE FINANCES.

Willi a half-yearly revenue of .t4.jl) r)S -id owed by
ratepayers, and with an equal Goverumeut subsidy,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

the ('(iiiiii-il 111' ^S^)'2 t'ciiuid itsrlt' li;iiii]i('ri-d in its
liiianccs. A way was disi-uvered out of tlie ti'ni]iorai-y
oiiil)arrassineiit by the opening of a eash credit with
the Oriental Bank Corporation, an institution whieh
then gave no signs of the weakness which was to
lead later to its heavy and disastrous fall. Arrange-
ments were made for an overdraft, not exceeding
.£3000. and the money, which was 1o he used for the
"permanent improvement of the .Municipality " was
to be drawn by clu'iiue. signed liy tlu' Mayor aiul a
member of the Finance Committee, and countersigned
bv ''Town or Council Clerk'."' This accomminlatior,

condition, and was "passiiig rich mi >J4ll a year."'
Iiuleed, a Near later he had opi)orti'.nily of looking
bai ]\ u|)on his aiflueiit past with regret, for then his
salary was cut down by half, and he had. besides thi>
ordinary duties ot his office, to serve all rate-papers
Hiul other notices. The labor pay sheets for this
year (1864) tell their own story. For one week in
.March the total was £8 14s. and that included the
salai'ies of officers. In 11111 the Council jiays some-
thing nice £70 or £80 a week for labor aloiu'. and
sees that it gets full value for the money, and that
sum docs not include the sahiries of the Town Clerk

Court House, Pari'amalt.»

Mas. of course, independent of the £(iOO loan, author-
ised but iu)t borrowed, and of the £5000 in which it
was swallowed up. But the Couiu'il had to take meas-
ures in view of the bad times and of the"rate-owers. '"
There w'erc li'y defaulters in 1864. and accordingly
cxpen.ses were reduced "on account of the bad state
of the funds." the Surveyor's services (at £'2 2s per
week) were dispensed with, and the Town Clerk
consented to a tcm|)orary reduction of his salary ''in
eonseciuence of the eudiarrassed state of the C(nni-
cil." There was one officer who was indispensable,
largely in view of the 14') defaidlers. and that was
Bailiff Ealph Mood, who literally fulfilled the poet's

and his assistants. The Council had to incur expense.
Bailiff Mood (whose valuable services were retained
till 1882, when he retired) was not always able
to get verdicts, and i-ecourse had to be made to
members of the legal profession, who were few and
far between in those days, and consequently
exj)ensive. Souh- of them, iiuleed. were addicted to
sharp jiractices. a coiulition which is. haii])ily,
uiiluuiwii in (lur eidigliteiu'd days, when a solicitor
is not only a gentlcnian i>y Act of Parliament, but a
perfectly honorable person by nature. So. perhat)s,
the Council of 18(14 was not so much shocked as the
Council of 1!)11 would be, when it received a denuuid

THE .JUBILEE TIISTOTIY OF PARRAMATTA.

It)

from "i^'ont. one," who shall be nameless, to he paid
I'or some work re the proposed water sui)iily. It
merely i)assed a resohition, "Tliat the ('oiineil, never
having- eontraeted the debt, knows nolhinii- of it."
and went on to the next business. All tiic same, the
necessity foi' havini;- legal opinion on tap was plain
to Aldermi'ii. and a1 this same meeting' Mr. William
Roberts was appointed "Solicitor for the ]\Inniei|/al
Council of I'arramatta," a retainer fee of £5 os being
paid to him. He renuiined in office for some years,
but in 1869, the resolution appointing him was res-
cinded and Mr. J. K. Bowden entered upon his long
and honorable control of the legal business of the
Council. Tlis retainer fee, it is interesting to nntr,
was 5s, but his services have resulted in greater
benefit to Pai'ramatta — and to himself. presunud)ly —
than the modesty of this iiiiiouiil niiglit lend ]'i'iiple
to assume.

Readers would carefidly sl;ip a (h'tailed relation of
the steps which the Ciiuncil tonk at various stages in
the discharge of its duty as the guai'diaii and pro-
iiidler of the interests of tin- ratepayei's. and as the
lioily rlnirgcd with the developiiumt of the progress
of the Borough. It will ])e well, therefore, to proceed
to a statement of the present financial condition, and
from this it \\ill be seen that Parranuitta has reason
to ho thanUrni to its Aldermen throughout the past
hair ceiitniy. Ine\'ilal)l\'. im the old priin'ii>le that

ever, was irrei)roachable. and successive Councils
took all sorts of eare that the lU)rough should pay
as little for the numey required as could reasoimbly
be expected in the I'irenmstances. In 1!)()2. however.

Macquarie Street Entrance to Parramatta Park.

brieks cannot be nunle without straw, the Council tlie Coinu-il found 1 hat its debt amounted to {:r)r),r)()0,

liad ;it vai-ious times to have recoui'se to the monex- on dift'ereiit accounts — general, lighting, watei- anil

'einlei'. lie \v;is generally a ])i-i\ale person, anil he so on — due to \-;ii'ions persons and institutiiuis. ami

lent his money, natni'ally eninigh. at as high a r;ile bearing interest at wii'ying rates, in some cases,

ot intei'est as he eindil di'inaml. The seenrily, Innv- indeeil, np to S per cent. The eai'ital sum owing was

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

rodnc'pd to £55.100 by the sale of some machinery
wlik'h was not wanted, and then all the debts were
consolidated into (inc. 'I'lir S:i\in<is Hank of New
South Wales was .ulad to lake up this loan at 411.
per cent., and to agree that part sluiuld be paid olf
as the Council found it convenient. That was in
11)08, and the loan was made payable in ten years.
Full advantati'e has been taken of the above-
mentioned provision, and to-day the Council has
reduced its indebtedness to £52,300. The Bank has
a gilt-edged investment, with which it would be
sorry to part, but the Council, mindful of the £2300
odd that it has to pay every year by way of interest,

books to 31st December, 1910. were in the ordinary
course audited by Messrs. Priestls'. Larcomlie ami
I\I(U-ris. professional accoimtants of Sydney, and the
result cannot but lie deemed satisfactory on the
whole to Aldermen and ratepayers alike. Certainly,
improvements were suggested, and. in one respect
particularly, tiie advice to employ a skilled accoinit-
ant who should relieve the Overseer of Works from
otifice duties of that character, the Council has already
taken action. Tlie auditors note that the expendi-
ture on the (ieneral Fund Account for the year
ending 31st December, 1910, was £8356 15s 3d, as
against the revenue of £7828 14s 7d (compare this

Church Street, Parramatta, looking South from Lennox Bridge.

devotes (>vei-y avaihiMc poniid. nfliT due provision
has been made for the niainten;'nce and the extension
of Municipal seivices. lo the purchase of debentures.
l>y a .judicious system recently introduced, credit
lialances at the bank wnth which the Council does
business are made to earn money, and thus the road
is made easier to the atlaimnent of the goal, when
the Horough will be absolutely fi'in- of debt, and will
be able to devote to ])resent necessities the sum now
used in ])ay!iu'nt of llie liabilities incurred in formei'
years in lln^ cstalilislinicnt df advantages now
en.joyed.

In ilay of thi' pi'es<'nt year. IIMI. Ihe Council's

revenue witli the £459 5s 4d of llic linrougirs lirst
half-year), but they also note thai "all dislnirsenienls
made have licen in accordance wilh law. under the
authoi'ilN' of the Council, and duly vciuclird fur.""
They deplore the fact that old ai'rears of rates ainoimt
to £1947 2s, but unfortunately they fail to suggest
any means by which the unknown owners of various
allotnu'nts may be c(uupelled to pay up. As a nuitter
iif fa<'l. the Council has greatly red\u-ed the length
and amount of these arrears, and. whatever may have
been the case in the past, care is taken now for the
recovery of rates owing, whenever ])ossible. The
income derived fi-om the Sanitary and Crarbage

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Service has fallen, the Auditors observe, from £1471
10s 2cl in 1909 to £1124 18s lid in 1910, so that the
profit has fallen from £360 in 1909 to £59 in 1910,
but that is plainly due to the fact that the sewerage
service is not yet fully established, and the contractor
is still drawinj^- on the fund. The position will be
iinj)rovetl with the imposition of a Sewerage Rate,
though at the same time the Council is naturally
averse to deriving from a necessary service more
than is sufficient to pay the cost of its maintenance.

Already this rate has been fixed, and incidentally
a succinct statement of the position placed before

expense is spared to keep Parramatta in the healthy
and desirable condition to which the efforts of suc-
cessive Aldermen, aided by its natural advantages,
have raised the Borough.

Care should be taken nut to confound the figures
quoted al)ove in connection with this rate, with the
figures for Parramatta. The following tables — for
which we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. J. B.
Trivett, F.R.A.S., F.S.S., Government Statistician —
show what really is the improved capital value of
the Municipality, and they also show at a glance
Parramatta 's progress in the half century, achieved

Oak Avenue and River Scene, Parramatta Park,

ratepayers. According to this, the amount of the
proposed expendituie is £4533. There were no funds
in hand available. l)ut a Government contril)ution
to the extent of ^1361 was to be paid. Tliat leaves
a balance of £3172, whicli was to be met (with a little
over) by a rate of one penny in the pound on the
improved capital value (£774.330 7s 6d) of the
ratable property within the sewered area.

On the whole the Auditors' official repm-f sluiws
that the Council is keenly alive to the importance of
Hic work it has in hand, and that no legitimate

liy steady and uniform progress as distinct fi-om a
meteoric projection u])on the civic screen: —
Population. Census 1861 (Ti)wnshipl . . 5,577

Annual Value (1862^ £23.449

Ksliniateil popuhition, 31st l)(^ceml)er,

1910 (Municipalitv) 13,600

TTnimproved Capital Value. 1910 £356.614

Improved Capital Value. 1910 £999.475

Assessed Annual Value. 1910 £69.498

Rates Levied, 1910 £7,832

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRA:\IATTA.

THE HEALTHFULNESS OF PARRAMATTA.

Xrvy chiNcly e-miiii'ctcd willi the matter cif the
wiitcr supply is that of the health of Parramatta.
To-tlay Parramatta is. as statisties prove, as healthy
a town as there is in Australia, ami for this desired
cousuniiuation citizens to-day must sincerely thank
the IMunicipal Council. All throii<;h the fifty years
of its existence, the Couucil has fought strenuously
for the maintenance of ^wod conditions of living, and
for the suppression of those offences against those
conditions which were the result of ig-norance or
laziness or prejudice, or a ciunliiiiat inn of all these.

Despite all the work of the Council and the
concrete facts of the case, which could easily have
been ascertained from the official records, i)eople
have taken a curiotis pleasure in asserting that
Parramatta is not a healthy town. They have gone
even furthei-. They have claimed that Parramatta
is the hot-lied, the nursery, of typhoiil. It is as well
to state this allegation clearly, before we proceed to
examine into its truth. ]\Ieanwhil('. so that the
refutation may immediately follow tin' allegation,
let it be said that the statement is absolutely un-
founded. It may be admitted, but purely for the
purpo.ses of the argument, tliat the ('ouiicil had to

Post Office, Church Street, Parramatta.

It would be undesirable in a general review such as
this, to go into the details of these offences. It nnist
suffice to say that people generally, and Government
institutii>ns in particular, were ajit to regard the
ri\rr. not as as source of life and lu^alth, but as a
convenient channel for the remtival of nuisances. The
Council has been em]ihatic and constant in its jiro-
tests against this misuse of a great natural advan-
tage, beginning those protests in the very first year
of its history and repeating them constantly,
whenever occasion demanded, ever since. Various
promises were made from time to time by the Sydney
officials, and these promises were sometimes honored
in the observance.

contend against conditions which did not exist in any
other centre of pupulation in New South ^V^des.

It may be admitted, too, that the schemes adopted
at various times for the maintenance of hi>althy con-
ditions were not such as would commend themselves
to a Sanitary Inspector of to-day. At h-ast. it may
be ])leade(l in this regard that they wiTe the best
known at the time of their adoption.

And to-day what do we find? As n^achTs know,
the law provides tliat e\-ery case of infectious disease
shall be notified to tiu' authorities. Thei'c were 42
such cases notified in 1908, 25 of them t\ phoid. 14
scarlet fe^er, and three dijihtheria. These were cases
of persons actually Inhinging to Parramatta, and

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

there were, in addition, nine eases whieh came from
other parts of thi' State. Obviously, these should not
have been placed to the credit, or discredit, of Fari-a-
matta. Hut they were! The i)ublic have to consider
— iiut tile jiublic never does — that a central town
like rarramatta, with its Hospital and its Asylums
for old jjcople, attracts a population from all jjart.s
of the State. A man gets typhoid in Katoomba, say;
he comes down to Parramatta Hospital for treat-
ment, and therefore, Parramatta is credited with
another ease of ty])hoid. And in iiuMuuerable
instances patients suifei'ing from this disease ;ire
admitted from up the line and down the liiu'. It is

1'2 cases for which Parramatta can be hehl in any
way resjjonsible ai-e of dijihtheria. Jledical authori-
ties will tell you that they are not sure of the origin
of diphtheria, which ma.>' be due to unhealthy condi-
tions or to the presence, unsuspected by the dis-
tiiliuter as well as by his next door neighbour, of a
per.sou with the germs of diphtheria in his sy.stem.
Obviously no sanitary precautions can guard against
the latter possibility. It is only the other day that
an epidemic of diiilitheria made its presence felt in
a metropolitan hosjhlal, and the only reason that
could be assigned for the outbreak was the unsus-
pected iiresence of these germs in a patient who was
being treated for some other disorder. Science caiiuot

wmtt

Main Pavilion, Parramatta Park.

not the place where a man contracts the disease that
is credited with it. it is the place where the visitor
is treated and cured.

But let us go a sti^p furthei'. The numlier of cases
of typhoid, 25 in 1908, fell to 15 in 1I)0!I ; they were
It) in 1910, and there is not one so far in 1!)11, that
is up to the fir.st week in September. The "hot-bed
of typhoid!" Not one case of typhoid in ;dl the
eight months of perhaps the mo.st trying time that
has been ex])erienced in New South Wales! Not one,
though the same conditions prevail as to the admis-
sion into the Borough of persons from all jiarts of the
State. So far there have been 12 local cases of
infectiou.s disease and 18 imi)orted cases, and all the

guard against an oiitbreak of diphtheria, though,
hajjpily. it has discovered means to make the disease,
once a sentence of death, practically innocuous. But
typhoid! There is no typhoid in Parramatta. And
tor this, citizens of Parramatta to-day owe thanks
not only to present Aldermen, but to their prede-
cessors during the past fift.y years. Constant vigil-
ance, constant effort, has been the motto all along,
and if it was the happy foi-tiuie of the Council of
1909 to see the sewerage system established, none
tile less do we owe hearty gratitude to the Aldermen
of old tiuie, who were instant, in season and out of
season, in lurthering the sanitary interests of the
]\lunicipality.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM.

Notliiug that tlio Cmuu-il has doiu' duriiii;- its tit'ty
years' exi.stenc-e rodouiuls so iiuu'h to its credit as the
up-to-date Se\verat;e System the Borouiih now enjoys.
From an almost insanitary town, Parramatta has
been transformed into one of the most healthy and
delightful suburbs around the metropolis.

This satisfactory condition has not been achieved
without a great deal of self-sacriticinii' labor on the
part of past flavors. Aldermen, and Citizens. Not
only had Ministers to be satisfied, bnt Departmental
Officers had to be fought, and Public Works Com-
mittees, as well as Parliaments, convinced of our
neeessit.v. The mcmt difficult opponents of all.
thoiigh. were those of our own household, who could
see. no virtue in a scheme that required them to pay
increased rates. The task of winning these over was

in 1892, placed Ijefore the Public Works Committee,
who approved of precipitation and filtration treat-
ment at Clay Cliff Creek. The Departmental Offi-
cers, however, objected, and in 1894 the Public
Works Conniiittee again considered the ((uestion, and
decided that the municipality could not bear the
cost. Further aud continued pressure upon ]\linis-
ters resulted in fresh proi)osals being placed before
the Works Connnittee of 1897. After a searching
en(|uiry this Conuuittee approved of a scheme which
re(|uired the establishment of a Sewerage Farm at
Duck River. The details of the Connnittee 's finding
were severely criticised in the Coimcil, and a lengthy
detailed objection to the capital, cost and Govern-
ment contribution for Asylums, was forwarded to
the ilinister. As a result of these representatiou.s
two officers were sent to consult with the Council,
and approve(l of file capital cost being reduced by

Church Street and Post Offics, Parramatta North.

a long and difficult oue to those Aldermen aud
citizens who saw death, di-sease, empty houses and
low values in insanitary' conditions. The everlasting
river nuisance was the great lever used to force
home to the unwilling mind the necessity and virtue
of sanitation. With very gooil reason citizens were
aroused to join Aldermen in iiuiunierable deputa-
tions to the Ministers of the day to seek relief from
the river abominations.

Finally in 1883 an officer was .sent to rei)ort, and he
advised that a very modest scheme of drainage and
storm-water channels, at a cost of .€1G,000, wiuild
meet the difficulty. This was ultimately spent, but
the (-ouiu-il renuiiiu'd unsatisfied, and contiiuied to
ask for nu)re. A full system of Sewerage for the
whole town was denumded. Finalls' tiu' ipicstion was,

.tTUOl); and, tiic amouni of the Government eonli-ilm-
tion being satisfactorily adjusted, the way now
seemed clear for the consummation of the great
desideratum, but many di.sappointraeuts were yet in
store for the Couiu-il aud citizens. An Enabling Bill
had to be |)repared and passed through the Asseml)ly
bef(jre anything lieyond could lie dtine. The Council
frequently passed resolutions urging the Minister
to take the necessary steps, but he always found a
plausible excuse for delay. Two years passed, but
)iothing practical was doin-. In the meantime the
bacteriological syslein of Scwagi^ dis]iosal was
forcing itself ujion tiu' I'avoridile attention of sani-
tary authoi'ities. and so impressed itself upon the
Council that in July of 1900 a resolutiiui was passed
asking the Govenunent to take the "Sei)tic Tank

TtlE JUBILEE HISTORY OF TARRAMATTA.

Of)

System" into cunsitleratiuii, before proceediug' fur-
ther with the Farm System recommended by the
Works Committee, and accepted by the Council.
This was done, and the Septic Tanli was substituted
for the Farm. Previous to this, the Council had a
lapse of confidence and feared the expenditiu-e of
so large a sum as £59,000 odd might not be approved
of by the ratepayers. A referendum was therefore
ordered, and taken in October of 1898, when 349
votes were cast for and 111 against Sewerage. This
gave the Council heart, and for seven years after it
never ceased to urge the Jlinister to introduce the
Sewerage Enabling Bill. That at last lie did. and the
House agreed to it. Tenders were, therefore, called
for the work, and presented to the Council on the
11th September, 1907. Before agreeing to accei)t
one, however, it waf? decided to see if some reduction
could not be got of interest due on storm water

be possil)ilitics in store that were never contemplated
when this system was adopted, high hopes being
entertained that the gas may produce motive power
sufficient to light the municipality with electricity.

THE TOWN HALL.

Ill 1792 Parramatta loomed large in the eyes and
Ihoughts of the authorities, and there was then somo
prosjiect of it being constituted the seat of Govern-
ment, whilst Sytlney was to be its port. In that
year, indeed. Parramatta was the most populous
place in Australia, its pojiulation Ijeing 1970, whilst
S\ dney could only muster 1170 aiul Norfolk Island
1226. Possibly it was the knowledge of this fact,
and his belief that he had found in Parramatta land
infinitely more siiitabh^ for cultivation than Sydney,

Parramatta Railway Station.

chainiels. An agreement was finally signed by whicdi
the Coiuicil imdertook to pay Sy^ per cent, interest
on the outlay, and the Minister to forgo £7,511 18s 3d
arrears of interest on the storm water channels, and
contribute one third of the annual cost.

Under this agreement the Government entered into
three separate contracts for the work, Mr. Thos.
Peters for reticulation, Stewart and Co. for septic
tanks, and S. Zollner for machinery. The first sod
was turned with much eclat liy the Minister, the spot
chosen being opposite the Town Hall. Work steadily
progressed till June, 1909, when the sewers were
taken over by the Council, and the pumping station
12 months later. The system has had a very fair trial
since, and the wisdom of the Council in urging
consideration of the septic tank system upon the
Government fully justified. Indeed, there appear to

that prompted Goveriuir Phillip to lay the founda-
tions of a large Town Hall, almost on the site of the
present building. In the same year he opened the
Municipal IMarkets, and four years later the houses
in Parramatta were numbered. So we may at least
record with ])ride that, though we did not establish
Municipal Government until the experiment had been
tried in other localities — on the old princiiJe of "fiat
experimentum in corpore vili" — it was in Parra-
matta that the first Municipal Buildings were taken
in hand. Since then large ami important adilitions
have been made to the landed property of the
Council, the Market Buildings, Queen's Wharf, and
the Baths being instances.

But the most important of all. as showing that the
Council has a local habitation as well as a name, is
the Town Hall. At the beginning, as has been seen,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PAHRAllATTA.

the Cimneil met at the Ohl Court House, not the
I)re.seiit stnieture which stands on the site of the ohl
Woolpaek Hotel — the honeymoon resort ''])uv excel-
lence" of those days — ami later at Elder House,
which was held on a tenancy of £50 a year. Aldei"-
juen were not very easy in these quarters, and in
1863 we find them neti'otiatinji' for the site occupicil
b,y the old watch-house, in Church-street, north ot
the bridge, for the purposes of a Town Hall. On
Noveml)er 17. 1868, matters were brought to a hea.l
b.v the receipt of a notice from the owners of Elder
House, Mr. C. L. Rowling- and Jlrs. Fann.v Rowling,
to the efl'ect that the.v were in a position to dispose of
the property and that the Council wotdd very nuich

recorded that there was not a single building to be
obtained in I'arramatta that would be suitable for the
purjioses of a Town Hall, which would contain,
besides the indispensable room for Council nu'etiugs,
offices for the despatch of business, and so forth,
and a hall fiu- the holding of public meetings and for
entertainments. The absence of such a building, said
]Ma.vor Good, was one of the reasons wh.v the town
did not "go ahead." There was no inducement for
parties to give entertainments in Parramatta, "con-
sequentl.v. ' ' he added, "a large sum of moue,v goes
out of Parranuitta. to S.vdne.v particularly-." Indeed,
the onl.v rooms availalile for meetings and concerts in
those days were the School of Arts hall, which was

Parramatta District Hospital.

oblige b.y vacating the premises within six months.
It was proposed later that the Council should buy
the building, but it was declared b.y a large nuijarit.y
that there was no authorit.v to use the ratejiayers'
mone.v in this wa.v. However. the,v pulled along
somehow, renting the building from the new pro-
prietors, and so avoided the necessit.v of meeting in
the "Old Gaol Green" — now Alfred Square, which
had been secured from the (lovei-nment — or in oiu'
or other of the streets.

In 1870 things were getting dangrniiisl.v near an
awkward climax, and .Mayor .bilui (iood iii-oiight llie
matter of a Town Hall distinctly before Aldermen.
la a long minute, in his own handwriting, it is

out of the way. and the Red Cow Assembl.\- Rooms,
on the site at present occupied by the Commercial
Banking Company. So the Mayor i)roposed to build
a Town Hall on Market-street, bordering on Alfred
Square. He pictured to interested Aldermen "a
noble building." Iiuleed, the miinite drops into
liiietry. "A splendid view of the scenery,"' it claims,
"may be had from all directions. Before us will be
seen the wiiulings nf the Parramatta River for a
considerable distaru-e. not to speak of the sph-ndid
sheet of water- in the proposed dam. ami the town
dam at tlu' side. The neighbouring hill will also be
(listinctl.\- visible. In fact it will be the best view
in t(nvn." Who c(nild resist this eloquence? Alder-

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

men, already standins' in imagination on the noble
terraces and ea.stin<i' their proplietie eyes over the
landseape so tirapliically [lietured in the niiniite,
agreed that a Town Ilall should be ereetetl at the
corner of Church and Market streets. They were
even so enthusiastic about the proposal that it was
seriously suggested to oifer a £20 premium for the
best design and specifications, with £5 for the
runner-up. This delirious extravagance was, how-
ever, vetoed by the common sense of those members
of the Council to whom the inducements of scenery,
water scenery at that, had no allurements. But, on
paper, the scheme was plausible enough. Tlie JMayor
reckoned that the linilding W(udd cost £2000, or £2500
at the outside. The intoest on this latter sum would
be £150 per annum, whilst, on the other side, tbere
would be at least £70 per anninn as rent of rooms
for societies and clubs, another £52 for meetings, etc.,
the saving of the £50 rent for the ehamliers then
used, and £2 5s in rates, making a grand total of
£174 5s. However, after the glamor of the ^Mayor's
eloquence had worn off. the Council called the Alfi (mI
Sciuare scheme off. and in 1872 we find them renting
the large upstairs room in Rouse's building.

It was not until ISSl. twenty years after the incor-
poration of the Borough, that the city fathers foiuid
rest under their own roof tree. In tliat ^■{'ar tlie

Council Chambers, designed by Messrs. Mansfield
Bros., architects, and built by Messrs. Hart and
Lavor, were ojiened for business, and here the busi-
ness of the Municipality has been done ever since.
The wise old principle of having the head of the
official staff' living close to the scene of his labors
was maintained by the erection of the Council Clerk's
residence, a little to the rear. In 1882 the foundation
stone of the present Town Hall was laid, and in 1883
it was opened for public use. Prom time to time
since improvements have been nuide in the details,
l)ut, generally speaking, the Town Ilall luiildings,
well and solidl.v built, .stand to-day as they were
constructed nearly thirty years ago, and they look
as though they will do good work for many a long
day to come. As an investment, the Town Hall has
more th;ui paid interest on its construction. When
^layor (Jood proposed his hall in I8B!) he reckoned
on an annual return of £24 5s to the good. The
l)oi)ulation of Parramatta then was 7000; it is now
l.'l(i(tO. and it is safe to say that the credit to the
profit and loss account of the Town Hall is to-day
coiisidei-ahly more than the £48 lOs which might be
expected from the doubling of the jiopulation. Apart
from which is, of course, to be reckiuied the value to
the town, not to be expressed in money terms, of
having a spacious hall for public meetings of all
l<inds.

MAYORS OF PARRAMATTA.

(Incorporation, November, 1861 ; First Council Mee

ting, 1862).

]8G2 .1.111.-

-Feb.

. JOHN WILLIAMS

1S!)I)-18!I1

WILLIAM JOHN FERRIS

1S62 Feb.-

-1866

. . JAMES BYRNES

]s;il IS92

. . FRANK BEAMES

] 8(j(i . .

. . JAMi'^S I'VK

1892-1 Sil4

.. CHAKLES JOSEPH BYRNES

1867 ..
:868 ..

. . RICHARD HARPER

. . THOMAS WHEATON BOWDEN

1S94-1S9.T

jJ. W. WITHERS

(CHARLES JOSEPH BYRNES

1869 ..

. . JOHN GOOD

lSil.1-1896

. . CHARLES JOSEPH BYRNES

187(1 ..

. . CHARLP>-. JOSEPH BYRNES

]S9()-1S97

.. WILLIAM JOHN FERRIS

1871-1S74

. . HTTGH TAYLOR

1897-19(11

THOMAS ROBERT MOXHAM

1874 ..

. . SAMtTEL BUBGE

1901 . .

. . WILLIAM PETER NOLLER

187.5-1882

. . CHARLES JOSEPH BYRNES

19(12 19(1:;

. . EDWARD PASCOE PEARCE

1882-18.83

. . JOSEPH BOOTH

19(i:',-19(l7

. . WILLIAM PETER NOLLEB

1884 . .

. . FREDERICK CHARLES COX

1907 . .

. . JOHN SAUNDERS (died)

ISSo . .

. . JOSEPH SMITH

1907-1908

.. WILLIAM PETER NOLLER

1886-1889

. . CHARLES JOSEPH BYRNES

1909-1910

. . JOHN WAUGH

1889-1890

. . FRANK BEAMES

1911 ..

. . WALTER FRANCIS JAGG

THE MAYORAL DEADLOCK.

The history of the Mayors of Parramatta is mainly
a record of good work quietly done to the best of the
ability of each occupant of the chair. The monotony
was broken, however, in 1873 when, owing to a
deadlock in the Council, there was no Mavor for

nearly two monlhs. In conseipience. municipal
business was more or less at a standstill ; the cor-
poration laliorers were dismissed, and contractors
declined to carry on work without payment.

Tlie trouble arose this way. The new Council met

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

for the election of a ]\Iayor on Febrnary 10, 1873.
The Couneil Clerk (]\Ir. Sydney Wiekhani) was in the
chair, all the V2 aldermen were present, and a conple
of hnndred ratepayers thronged the room. Alderman
Coates proposed, and Alderman Parker seconded,
that Alderman Ilngh Ta\lor be Mayor for the year;
and Alderman Dixon moved, and Alderman Good
seconded, that Ald(M-man C. J. Bvrnes be Mavor. In

Charles Jcseph Byrnes. Mayor. 1870, 1875-82.
1886-89, 1892-96.

nominatini:' 'Sly. I'yi-ncs. 'Slv. Dixon said that lie
would have supported the otiier candidate if it had
not been for his extravagant policy. Alderman
Ilngh Taylor expressed his surprise at this, for, as
he informed the Council, ]Mr. Dixon had only lately
been his warmest supporter in the proposal to borrow
£3000. Tlien Alderman Byrnes asked the Chairman
if electioneering speeches were in order, and the
Chairman ruled — as he had to — that he could not
prevent aldermen from addressing themselves to the
motion as they jileased, so long as they did not
indulgi' in ])ersonalities. Alderman John Taylor then
took a hand and spoke for some hours in support of
his brother's candidature. An indiscreet ratepayer
objected to what lie was rude enough to call a waste
of time, and Alderman Taylor invited the Chairman
to eject him. Jlr. Wiekliam. however, thought he
had no power to do this unless he was authorised
by a resolution of the Council ; whereupon Alderman
J. Taylor moved, and Alderman H. Taylor seconded,
a motion that the police be sent for. This was duly
carried, but, when the police arrived, the offending
ratepayer had disappeared. At last aldermen came
to a vote, when C voted for each candithite.

A second special meeting was held on February
12, when the same gentlemen were proposed, and a
similar vote taken; with, of course, a similar
unsatisfactory result. It was reported at the time
that the Council Clerk intended to summon meetings

every 48 hours until somebody was elected Mayor.
He did not make so cruel a call as this on the civic
patriotism of aldermen; but it was not till the l-Ith
meeting that finality was reached. Sometimes all
the aldermen attended, and then the voting was six
to each candidate ; at other times only one candidate
— "Sir. ISyrnes or Jlr. Taylor — and his supporters
turned up, and as that did not constitute a majority
of the Council there could not be an election. About
half way through the affair. Alderman Byrnes pro-
posed a compromise. He was standing for a prin-
ciple, he said, and he would be quite satisfied if this
principle were recognised by the election of Alder-
man Dixon, one of his supporters. That was on
IMarch 11, and, after another abortive special
meeting had been held. Alderman Dixon was duly
proposed by the Byrnes party. But the other side
also claimed to be standing for a principle, and the
new candidate would have got support from the
Taylor party if he agreed to support it. If he did so
agree, however, he would alienate his own side; so
uiithing came of the compromise, and the candidates
divided votes equally. There was no quorum at the
next two meetings. Init before the succeeding meet-
ing Alderman Williams, the first JIayor, died. He
had been a strong supporter of Alderman B\' rues'
candidature, and his death left his party in a
minority. Hereupon Alderman Taylor and his five
aldeniien r<'-|uisitioiied the Council Clerk to sunuiion

a special meeting for ^larch L!3rd. At this meeting
only they were present and ]Mr. Wickham took the
chair by request. Then Alderman Trott moved, and
Alderman Parker secoiuled. that Alderman Taylor
lie ;\Iayor. The motion was carried luiaiiimnusly —
and the deadlock was over.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

ALDERMEN OF PARRAMATTA.
(1911.)

Aiulersou Ward. — Cecil Alexaiider Knckiiisliam
Champion. .J.P.. .John Waua:h, J.P., James Whitmore
Hill, J.P.

Marsden Ward.—William Peter Noller, J.P.,
Edwin -John Brown, J. P., .James Henry Graham. J.P.

Gore Ward.— Richard Charles Bartlett, J.P.,
Robert Henrv Del^ow, J. P., Arthur Henry CoUett,
J.P.

Forrest Ward. — .John Brown Smith, l^'rain-is .John
Thomas, Walter Francis Jago (Mayor).

When Parramatta was incorporated there were
nine Aldermen for the whole Municipality. In 1868,
however, the four wards which now exist were estab-
lished, with three Aldermen for each ward. They
were named after the Rev. Samuel IMarsden, Dr.
Matthew Anderson, R.N., the Rev. W. F. Gore, and
the Rev. R. P^orrest. Two Aldermen desired to
commemorate Captain Cook instead of the first Head-
master of The King's School, but the Council decided
on division that Mr. Forrest was more deserving of
the honoi'. .\o division was taken on the other
nomiiiatiims.

COUNCIL CLERKS.

John Charles Barker (18(i:2-!)).

.John Ileiniiker Heaton (later M.P. for Canterbury,
England, and postal reformer), Deccnil)!'!' 1869 to
February 1870.

Henrv Collev (1870-2).

Sydney Wickham (1872-100.-)).

Sydney Da vies (1905 to present day").

The main point to be noticed in regard to the
Council Clerks of Parramatta is the fact that there
have been only five of them in the 50 years of ]\Iuni-
ci|)al Goveriniiiiit. "Slv. lleaton's was a very short
reign, and a curious circumstance is connected there-
with. He was a])pointed out of '23 applicants, on
December 21, 1869, "for the remainder of the
^lunieipal year." When the new Council assemliled
for the despatch of business on February 11, 1870,
he took the chair at the first meeting and declared
Alderman C. .J. Byrnes duly elected as Mayor. But
the point was raised that, as Mr. Heaton was neither
Town Clerk at the time, nor Acting Town Clerk, he
was illegally in the Chair, and his declaration of
Alderman Byrnes' election was invalid.

This was the famous election wliirh induced an
Alderman (Hugh Taylor it was) to Jiii|uire: "Out

of what fund is the beer paid for supplied to the
agents of one of the late candidates, at the Council
Chambers?" The Mayor replied that at the 1869
elections, the refreshments supplied to the offieer.s
]>residing, were paid out of the General Revenue,
after having passed the Finance Committee, and that
payment had not yet been made for any beer that was
consumed at the elections just concluded.

Mr. Heaton now thought it advisable to apply
again for the position which he seems to have
hitherto considered his own already. His applica-
tion was unsuccessful, however, and Mv. Henry
CoUey was appointed.

On March VA, 1905, air, Sydney Wickham, who
had then been a generation in office, was granted
six months' leave of absence, and .Mr. Sydney Davies
was appointed Acting Town Clerk. This appoint-
ment was made permanent when, later in the year,
Mr. Wi(d';liam resigned the ])osition which he had
lield for so long, witli credit 1ii hiinsi-lf ami advantage
to the Borough.

John Taylor's Auction Mart.

Jolui Taylor's Auction Mart. — .lohn Tnylur's mart stooil on
tlio site now ofciipied by Mr. (i. T. Krby ;uid Mr. Straub. The
fiuures in tlie picture are, nailing from tlie left: Mr, Ralpli
Mood, Mr. .John Taylor and his son Frank, Mr. R. L. Dnnn,
Mr. \y. ,Tone,s, Mr. T. Hellyer, solicitor, and Mr. Taylor's man,
Blaek Frank. Frank was an American negro, whom Mr.
Taylor brought with him from the States. He was a noted
pugilist, and one of the finest rough-riders in the colony; a
iirigiit, genial fellow, and tlie idol of all the boys in the town,
lie was also a fine runner, and won several important handi-
caps. Man_y a Parramatta boy got his first lessons in the
' ' manly art ' ' from Blaek Frank.

THE JUBILEE niSTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

SOME EARLY GOVERNORS OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

PART II.

THE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

CHAPTER I.^THE EARLY DAYS.

IN the lK'<;iiiiiiiifj- of the IDth century ParraiiiattM
■was the iiiiitlel ea])ital of Australia, as eunipai'ed
with wliat ^Ir. George Barrington — no incom-
jiclent judge — eharaeterised as "that newly-formed
seat of temptation. Sydney." Ten years hefore that

the fail- fame of I'arramatta is surely to be found in
the statement of an authority well (|rialitied to pro-
nounee on the snb.ject. "No miseondnct." he writes,
"was found among the eonviets; a kangaroo was
caught there which weighed 1801!)." The eounec-

The First Settlement at Rosehil), 1792.

Governor Hunter stated that "a considerable town"
had been laid out on the old settlement of Rosehill,
and that maii3^ good buildings had been erected.
That was in his book — "An Historical Journal of the
Transactions at Port Jackson . . . illusti-ated
with a map of the Coiuitry by Lieut. Dawes, and
other Embellishments." And a further tribute to

tion betwe(;n the capture of a heavy kangaroo and
the behaviour of prisoners of the Crown is perhaps
too subtle for us to understand after a dozen of
decades.

When Governor l*hillip discovered Parraniatta he
christened it Rosehill — after Sir George Rose, a great
person in those days. That was the time in which

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

towns ami countries and other unconsidered trifles
■were called after i)ersons who loomed larue in the
eyes of their immediate dependants. We in Aus-
tralia have suft'ered many things from this tendency.
Witness Sydney, called after an incompetent office-
holder who cared nothin" about Australia and who
may be regarded as absolutely the worst colonising
"statesman" that ever lived. Witness Melbourne,
that bears the name of a dilettante politician wdiose
interest in Australia was a minus (|uantity. Witness
Adelaide, the god-child of a harmless lady who prob-
abl.y did not know where Australia is situated — and
who certainly did not care. But it all might have
been worse. Phillip might have called Sydney
"Harbor-ville"; only that, hajipily. that method of

emphasising obvious facts had not then become
fashionable. And. if he did call this place ■"Rose-
hill," he had at least the good taste to re-name it
"Parramatta" when he was made acquainted with
the fair-sDunding native name.

The Day of Small Things.

Settlement at first [.'rogressed slowly. I'hillip had
selected the "Crescent" (in front of Old (irovern-
ment House) in April. 1788. but troubles with the
natives interfered, and it was not till November 2
that work was properly begun. On this memoralih;
(hiy the Governor, accompanied b.v Surveyor-General
Alt and Captain James Campbell (afterwards first
commandant and first magistrate of Parramatta)

Subtaco Cottage.

The Sydney Road Toll

Ellisons Hotel.

The Market Buildings.

St. John's Parsonage.
Old Court House.

Subiaco Cottage. — .Just a glimpse of old Subiaco Cottage, the rLsidence of tbc priest attached to the Couveut. Form-
erly it was the residence of Plannibal Macarthur, and the home of the Rev. G. F. Macarthur, and was known as the
Vineyards. Dean Coffey is seen standing in front, in his clerical garb. He was a very popular priest, and it is said that
he was ouco a famous horseman. He was a stern disciplinarian with his flock, but was beloved and revered by all
sections of the community.

Ellison's Hotel. — This old hotel was situated in George-street, next door to the residence of the late Mr. William
Haggitt. It belonged to the Ellison family for generations, and was kept b.v Mr. Harry Ellison. It was known as the
"Jolly Sailiir. ' ' Mr. George Caines was the proprietor once, and he, on receiving notice to quit, shifted opposite. He
could not take his sign, the name of the hotel, with him, so he called his hostelry "The Jolly Sailor's return."

St. John's Parsonage. — The old parsonage was long the residence of Samuel Marsden, the Rev. K. L. King and Arch-
deacon Gunther. Afterwards it was leased by Mr. J. Y. Mills and renovated. H occupied a commanding position and
stood out as one of the landmarks of the town. In later years it was known as "The Cedars."

The Sydney Road Toll-bar. — The Sydney Road Toll-bar was situated just beyond the southern end of the liridge at
Church street South, where the traveller branched off to the Liverpool Road or the Sydney Road. The lease of these toll-
bars was purchased, and at night the toll-bar keeper had to be roused up to open the gates and let the traveller through.
There was a similar toll-bar on the Western Road .just beyond the Prospect and Sherwood Council Chambers, and another
on the Winclscir Rnad, so that a traveller with horse or vehicle could not get out of the town without paying toll.

The Market Buildings. — This old building is still in existence. It now, in a somewhat altered style, serves as a hay and
corn store, and is occupied by Messrs. Webb and Co., Church-street South. In the old days it stood on the site now occu-
pied b.v the Town Hall buildings. At the rear was the public pound. All the produce of the district was once disposed
of in this building, and horse sales took place at the rear. The group in front is Mr. John Mood.v and his famil.v.

Old Court House. — The old Court House in days gone by not onl.v served as the Hall of Justice, but also as a place in
which important jiublic meetings were held. It was here that the i>ublic met to hold an indignation meeting when the
Fenian O'Farrell shot I'rince Alfred. Mr. S. Burge was Mayor at the time. It was here that the public met to petition
the Government to hand over the about-to-be-closed civil and militarv hospital to the public. At election times the
hustings was erected .just inside the railings, and from the platform there num.y fier.v s]ieeches have been delivered by
such politicians as the Hon. James Byrnes, the Hon. Sir John Lackey, James Squire Faruell, Hugh Taylor and others. The
gentleman sitting on the coping was an old identity, known by the euphonious soubriquet of "Long Bob."

TiiE JiiBlLEE HISTORY 0)^ PARRAMATTA.

reaehed tlie place that had been chosen for landing.
The voyage, of course, was made on the river, and
the pioneers were acconn)anied by a dozen marines.
Amongst the first i)nblie works were a l)attery, ren-
dered necessary by the ill-feeling between the
aborigines and the new arrivals, and a storehouse;
the military being aeeommodated in tents. Next year
the Parraniatta-road to Sydney was constructed
through the thick l)ush, log bridges being placed
over the creeks on the way. In the same year, bar-
racks were built for the soldiers and a hospital for
the sick. This last was in Macquarie-street, on the
land now occupied by the Asylum. At that time, of
course, it was not "Macquarie-street" — it was mere
bush. As originally designed, Parramatta had but
one street — George, called after the monarch known
in the inflated language of the day as "his most
sacred nuijest>'. Oeorge III." Church-street was
added next year, when also the (iovernor felt him-
self justified in erecting the first (Government
House. Dr. Thomas Arndell. the first medical man
who graced Parramatta, looked after the Hospital
and the more distinguished patients; and [lut in his
spare time at farming. A still more notable man
in the ],>erson of John Macarthur makes his first
ap])earance here in the same year 1791 — a year
which also saw the first execution in this district.
Whilst he was meditating on the responsibilities of
his position before he left England, Phillip had come
to the conclusion that the death penalty would never
be necessary ; and that in itself was a remarkable
thing for a man to say in a country which prescribed
this penalty for some KiO ofTpences — literally, tvom
stealing .^)s to murder. But another remarkalde thing
that Phillip said in these same cogitations was that
for either of two crimes, one of which was murder,
"I should wish to confine the criminal till an opi)or-
tunity offered of delivering him as a prisoner to the
natives of New Zealand, and let them eat him." The
enormity of fattening white people for a canniltal
banq\iet does not seem to have occurred to him. That
was Phillip's theory about capital punishment. His
practice was shown when one James (Jhapman, con-
victed of the heinous crime of stealing wearing
apparel, was hanged by the neck till he was dead.
That was on July 28, 1791.

The Change of Name.

The agricultural interest was tlonrisliiiig in those
days — in comparison, at least, witii Farm Cove. Also
the pastoral industry was beginning solidly its long
years of prosperity and beneficence. Already the
public spirit of Parramattans had made itself mani-
fest, the first public meeting and the first public
thanksgiving service having been held on June 9,
1790. the first to congratulate the King on his recov-
ery from illness and the second to return thanks for
this blessing. Indeed the loyalty of Parramattans
was as conspicuous then as it has been ever since,
and is now. Not unfittingly it was on the King's
Accession Day, 1791, that Governor Phillip changed
the name of the settlement from Rosehill to Parra-
piatta. It was on this occasion, too, that the grounds

surrountling Government House were named
"Cumberland Park" in honor of the prince who, it
was at one time feared, would ascend the throne in
18a7 on the death of William IV. He was the hero,
it will be remembered, of the famous grou]), with the
legend, "Look here upon this picture — and on this."
There was a picture of the Princess Victoria, a sweet,

if simpering, maiden of the very earliest Victorian
age ; and there was another picture of Ernest, Didic
of Cumberland; a ruffianly, bald-headed old gentle-
man. The Duke died King of Hanover — and the
Princess, sixty odd years after. Queen of England,
Empress of India, the idol of her people in the United
Kingdom and in her dominions beyond the seas.

We have seen that there was a road connecting
Parramatta with Sydney. There was also the river,
but from the earliest clays till now the authorities
have been so careful about preserving the morals of
Parranuittans from the contagious influence of "that
newly-formed seat of temptation, Sydney," that they
have thoughtfully fixed the price of transit high.
There were sailing packet boats, which upon occa-
sion took 14 hours to reach Sydney, and then there
were the horse-worked boats of which mention is
made elsewhere. It cost a passenger a .shilling to
get to Sydney by one of these boats in those days.
It still does. In 180:^ one H. Kable was permitted
to run a stage coach from Sydney to Parramatta and
the IIawkes))ury, and lately it was recorded in "The
Cumberland Argus" (April 22, 1911) how, lo or 17
years later, James Watsford and A 'Beckett used to
run coaches, the fare being 6s for the single journey.

Meanwhili!, the town was growing in importance.

TilE JUBILEE lIISTORY (3F PARRAMATTA.

The fonndatiiiii (if a town hall had been laid in 1792.
which year also saw the (iju'iiini;- of the first shop in
Pananiatta. The cntcTinisiiig proprietor was Cap-
tain Bond, who stoeked. in a biiildinj;- at the corner of
Church and ^Iac(piarie streets, a miscellaneous
assortment of <roods that he had brouiiht out with
him in his ship, the "Royal Admiral." This geutle-

John Batman. Explorer,

man is also known to fame as havinii' lieen the first
publican in the town, and hardly ten years later the
Government estalilished the first brewery.

Mr. John Tnll. the first schoolmaster in Parra-
matta. entered upon his duties in 1796 in a building
erected by ^Ir. INIarsden near where St. John's now
stands. His salary was not princely — certainly not
by any means in proportion to the importance of his
work and to his excellent performance of it. There
were, of course, considerations in the way of resi-
dence and Government stores and labor, but in
actual money I\Ir. TuU does not seem to have
received more than the £10 a year which Mr. Johnson
procured for him from the English Society for Pro-
moting Christian Knowledge (the familiar S.P.C.K.).
This was gradually raised, and when Mr. TuU died
in 1817 after 20 years' valua))le service the salary
was in the neighbourhood of £60. His first official
chief, it may be interesting to add. was Lieutenant
Dawes, the godfather of Dawes Point and the first
astronomer. In his educational capacity the gallant
officer was kno'mi as "Superintendent of Schools at
Sydney and Parramatta."

Whilst these elaborate preparations were being
made for the instruction of y(uuig Australia, the
adult population was carefully looked after in Parra-
matta at least. Foi- those citizens who were
criminally inclined the tiovernor had thoughtfully
provided a gaol in 1796. Or, rather, he had ordered
each settler and housekeeper to supply every week
10 straight logs, 9 feet long by seven inches in

diameter: officers, civil and military, with Govern-
ment laborers, to supply 20 such logs. The demand
was willingly obeyed and soon Parramatta gaol —
100 feet long — had accommodation for 30 prisoners;
or at least 30 separate cells. It was erected on the
bank of the river, near the military barracks. The
log prison was strong, but unpopular, and in 1799 it
was burnt down ; to be replaced by a more durable
structure in 1802 on Gaol Green (Alfred Square).
It was not until 40 years later that the present gaol
was proclaimed, and it was opened in 1844 under
the gaolership of JMr. John Lackey, father of the
politician. For adults, not criminally disiiost'd but
frivolously inclined, provision of a different kind
was nmde in the same year. The houses were num-
bered and the town divided into two districts. Each
district elected annually three watchmen, whose
instructions remind of those issued by the inunortal
Dogberry. The watchmen of North and South
Parramatta were to comjjreliend all vagrom men ;
they were to call at all alehouses and bid those that
are drunk get them to bed; they were to lay hands
on a thief if they susi>ected him. by virtue of their
office, to be no ti'ue man. Also, they were to dis-
courage gaming, to enforce reverence for the Sunday
and not to allow anxbody to stroll about idly during
divine service. In recompense for these services,
they received a full ration for themselves and theii'
families, slojis upon occasion, and a half-pint of
spirits on Sunda\s. "Slops.'' be it rememliered. does
not mean soi![) or food for invalids; "slops" were
ready-made clothes. In the circumstances, the
remuneration would seem to be adequate, though
some ma.v be inclined to suggest that, in view of the
delicate nature of the Sunday duty, the half-pint of
spirits might more wisely have been held over for
consum|)tioii on .Monday. Especially would this
precaution have been advisable in view of the fact
that in this yeai" so much drink was available in
Parramatta that the (rovernor found it necessary to
institute the system of licensing public houses. It
was in the previous year that James Squire, great-
grandfather of Mr. Frank Farnell, late M.L.A.,
estalilished tile lirst brewery on Kissing Point, where
he had sowed the tiist hoiis raised in Australia. His
"Squire's I'r'ew" was soon to make for itself an
enviable re|)ii1 at inn.

Labor and Capital. — The First Conference.
The Labor Difficulty.
It might be supposed that the lalior diffieiilty did
not exist in the old days, when privileged persons
employed the forced labor of prisoners of the Crown,
and connnou persons might be regarded as able and
willing to feud for themselves. It did exist, however,
and to such an extent that a minimum rate of wages —
a device which we of the 20th century foolishly claim
to be of modern date — was fixed so far back as 1796.
Thus, carpenters were paid 5s a day and laboi'ers 3s :
£3 was the tarifl' for clearing, and £1 for breaking
up an acre of ground. The man who threshed a
bushel of wheat could demand at least Is. whilst 10s
was the price for reaping an acre of wheat. Piece-
work was recognised for both sexes and in various

THE JUBILEE IIISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

trades. The slioemaker got 3s 6d for making a pair
(»f moil's shoes, and Gd less for women's; the taihjr
charged 6s for Iniildins' a eoat and the sempstress 5s
for a gown. Women who went out to work at other

people's houses got their Is Gd a day and "tucker,"
find the washerwoman — that was before the cheap
f!]iinese and Japanese had spoilt the market —
charged 3d per article, besides being foiuid in soap

The Old Baptist Church.
The Old Bathing House.

The Old Baptist Church. — The old building still forms p
tlie si.xtics the c-lmrch was closed for some roiison and it tlion
the Sons of 'Pi in|ier;u)i-e. Standing on the left of the lian
eiupenter and worked with Mr. George Coates, sen.), and on
the building was taiitn over for school purposes, and it was
School. Mr. Herbert Coates was the first pupil teacher in th
late Mr. T. TI. Hunt, father of the present member for Sher
William .\rdill, prisident of the Baptist Union, was among

The Old Woolpack. — This was the leading hotel of, perha
beautifully ke|it, it was popular as a honeymoon resort. It
One of the old trees still remains. At the ri ar was started
Alexander .lohnstone, Nat. and Andrew Payten and W. Fnl
Nash, Mrs. Williams, Nat. Payten, Kdward Welilow, Smith, a
out the length and breadth of the colony, and it could tell of
and lost within its walls.

The Old Bathing House. — The bathing house, used b
altered since it was first erected. It it now known as the K
baths built of stone. The water was pumped up from the r
the flat now known as the amphitheatre. It was then a f
grew in profusion. The w-ater, after being used, was run out
It was used as a duck pond, and willow trees grew all aroun
plenty of cheap labor in those days.

The Australian Anns Hotel. — Tlie building known fifty
as the Haul; of New Simlli Wales. The old sweet-water gr
the late Mr. ('. B. Cairnes some forty years ago, when he too
good seasons to produce over half a ton of grapes. Amongst
MeK.".y, Andrew Payten, Robert Dunn, .1. Williams, and, la
to the upper storey, and it is said that, for a wager, the late
the dim past there was once a lagoon just at the rear of the h
the days when lliey shot dui'ks in the lagoon.

The Old Woolpack.

The Australian Arms Hotel.

irt of the present Baptist Tabernacle in George-street. In
became a public hall for a time. The group outside is that of
ner of tlie (.)rder is Mr. Samuel .lones (Mr. .Tones was a
the right Mr. .lohn Moody, the secretary. In the year 1864
here that the late Mr. ,1. H. Murray started the first National
is school. The trnstee.-i were the late Mr. .James Pye and the
brooke. Mr. T. D. Little was the first boy enrolled. Mr.
the first boys to enter this school.

ps, the colony, in the early days. Always well managed and
stood on the'site now occupied' by the Police Court building,
the first bowling green in the colony, by such enthusiasts as
lagar. Amongst the jirominent |U-oprictors were "Bill"
nd Edward Marshall. The old "Pack" was known through-
many stirring e\ents. In the early days fortunes were won

y the early Governors of Australia, has been greatly
ound House'. In the olden days it contained several large
iver by convicts, and the pumping station was situated on
amous orchard, where pears, apples, cherries and mulberries
to a pond near the lodge gate close to the bowling green,
d it. The drains were of tunnelled brickwork. There was

years ago as "The Australian Arms Hotel," is now known
ape vine, which clambers round the balcony, was planted by
k over the management of the bank. It has been known in
the early proprietors of this once famous hotel were Mrs.
st of all, .Tohn Creasey. A broad stairway led from the hall
Dr. Rutter rode his little black ]iony up the stairway. In
otel, where wild fowl abounded. Old hands used to talk of

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

and blue aud starch and the other mysteries of her
calling.

But all was not by any means settled when once
this scale of charges liad been fixed unofficially. Both
settlers and free laborers (the terra of course will
not be confounded with what is known as "free
labor" to-day) desired to have some definite agree-
ment, and at the close of 179G this was represented
to Governor Hunter. The matter came before him
by way of complaint from settlers in Parramatta of
the high wages demanded by labor; and the
Governor struck upon a device which we of this
generation have fondly imagined to be of our own
manufacture. He advised the establishment of a
system compounded of conference, arbitration, con-

nature of the agreement arrived at was emphasised
by the imposition of peiudties for its breach. In the
following March the (iovernor issued a proclama-
tion emJMxlyiiig this Parramatta agreement, aud
readei's will be interested in studying this first
attemi)t in Australia at fixiug a minimum rate of
wages. What our Industrial and Arbitration Courts
would call "the award" (of course the absence of
iiiaxinnim hours of worii will be noted) runs: —

£ s d

Falling forest timber, per acre . . .

Falling Ijrush ground, per acre . .

Burning off open ground, per acre

Burning brush ground, per acre. .

Breaking up new ground, per acre

ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST RAILWAY TRAIN AT PARRAMATTA, FROM SYDNEY.

eiliation and wages boards with comi)ulsory awards.
In accordance herewith the First Conference between
representatives of Capital and Labor was held in
Parramatta in January. 1797. Students of political
economy may not visit the scene of this historic
meeting, for the Old Courthouse (at the corner of
Church and Macijuarie streets) in which it was held
has long since been pulled down. Nor are the names
of the representative settlers and laborers handed
down to posterity; though indeed these would have
been at lea.st as interesting to us as some of the
trifles which were then deemed worthy of deathless
fame. However, official dignity was given to the
Conference by the fact that it was presided over by
Acting Judge-Advncale .\tkins. and the liinding

Chipping fresh ground, per acre. . 12

Chii)j>ing in wheat, per acre .... 7
Breaking up stubble or corn
ni'ound. I'^^d per rod. or jier

a.-iv 16

Planting Indian Corn, per acre. . <• 7

Hilling Indian Corn, per acre ... il 7

Reaping wheat, per acre 10

Threshing wheat, per bushel ....
Pulling and husking Indian corn.

per bushel

Splitting palings 7ft. long, per 100 3

Splitting palings ."ift. long, per 1(111 d 2

Splitting i)alings :!ft. long, per 100 1

Sawinu planks, per IdO feet 7

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF rARRAMATTA.

Ditching, 3 feet wide and 3ft deep, i s d

per rod 10

Carriage of wheal [ler mile per

bushel 2

Carriage of iiidiau eorn. neat, per

bushel II (» 3

Yearly wages for hilior, with

board 10

Wages per weel<, with provisions,

consisting of 41b. salt pork, or

61b. of fresh, and 211b. of

wheat, with vegetables I) (i

A da.y's wages witii board (I 1

A day's wages without board ... 2 6
A day's wages, (jovernment man

allowed to officers or settlers

in his own time (I 10

Price of an axe 2

New steeling axe (I H (i

A new hoe II 1 :i

A sickle U 1 (J

Hire of a boat to carr.y grain,

per day 5

In I'onsidering tlie above scale one has to conij)are
it, not with the rate of wages prevailing in Australia,
to-day, but witb the rate of wages prevailing iu
rural England in 1 7117. This is not the place for
instituting sueii ii comparison, which would, how-
ever, lie full of interest. One point only need be
urged as showing hov\' far even then Australia was
ahead of the mother c(uuitry in dealing with the
great problem of wages. In 1796, whilst the Aus-
tralian Government was arranging for a conference
between Cai)ital and Labor for the establishment of a
minimum wage, the English Government, finding
that the wages lixcd by justices of the pi-ace — bv.

that is, the employers of rural labor — were so low
that they could not keep body and soul together,
actually legalised the granting of out-door relief iu
aid of wages. It would be gratifying to be able to
add that the Parramatta Conference and its succes-
sors attained the desired end; but, as we know, this
was not the case. Then, as now, some employers
paid less than the mininuira rate, taking advantage
of the necessities of their laborers; then, as now,
some laborers took advantage of the necessities of
employers and charged a price for their labor which
swept awa,v all the profit, and sometimes more. None
the less is this Parramatta Conference of 1797 worth,y
to be held in honi}r.

Ccnivict lal)or ri'aJly ciilianccd Ihe difficulty which
it was suii|)osed to solve. Tile unhappy men, for
instance, who brok'e thi- gi'ound in Parramatta under
the supervision of the strenuous Dodd, worked only
because they had to, ami as little as was necessar.v to
avoid punishment. All the fruit of their labor went
to others, and their grim lot was not a whit lightenetl
by the sweat of their brow. It was the same experi-
{ nci' in America before and after the Revolution, aud
it could truly be said of both continents that eom-
]inlsru-y labor, of convicts as of slaves, was not half as
l)roductive fis I'rei' labor. This first ('onferenee
estiuuited it, as nuiy be seen, at one-thii'd, and lliat
without reckoning the cost of supervisi<in.

The Depot for Convict Women.

And, if the labor of nude ])risoners of the Crown
was thus comparatively woi'thless, the services of
tile vvomen were equally unsatisfaetorv. Parramatta
was the depot to which women convicts were sent
for confinement, for employment, and for jiunish-
iHciit : and the ill-chosen name for the place in which
lliey were l:)dged for these three purposes — the

The " Red Cow."

The "Red Cow." — Tlio old liostelry, the Kod Cow. wliicli stood on tlio site now OLH'ii|>ied by the Commercial
Bank, iu (ieoi-t;e-.street, was, fifty years ago, a most iio]nilar resort. The low building on the right was the "Cow,"
and the more pretentious building on the left, with the double gangway, was the Asseuibly Room, whei-e the "pure
merinos" and other "respectable" sets held tlieir dances. It was known as "the long room." A notable ball was
held there on the occasion of tlie coming of age of the late King Edward. -At the rear, and bftween the two build-
ings mentioned, may be seen another edifice. This was known as "the bakery." It was erected b.y Mr. Patrick
Hayes, the then landlord of the "Cow," who was in those da.vs a big contractor'. He supplied all the Government
institutions, and in tliis bakery turned out 2.500 loaves per day. Mr. Ha.yes, when he retired from the contracting
business, handed over the concern to Mr. .lames Kidman. Among the licensei s of the Ked Cow were Jtvs. Walker,
Mr. Patrick Hayes, Mr. Vince Carr, and the last host was the late Mr. John Creasey.

THE JURILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

"Factory" — was from the earliest days a by- word
in the cohjiiy. When Commissioner Bigge visited
the town in 1819 he found a condition of affairs
whieh cduld hardly be paraUeled. It was under the
charge of Superintendent Oakes, to whose ability
and carefulness the Commissioner bears testimony,
but who had also to discharge the duties of Chief
Constable of the town, besides carrying on the busi-
ness of a baker. He (lid not reside on the premises,
which had been under the charge of a convict
constable for the past 15 years. The women did
what they liked. There was certain task-work neces-
sary in the way of picking, spinning and carding
wool, and when this was finished, which was gener-
ally at 1 p.m., the inmates were free for the rest of
the day. Most of them lodged in the town, and the
inmates were free to corrupt the new arrivals. "As
a place of employment,'" says Bigge, "the factory
at Parramatta was not only very defective, but very
prejudicial." Marsden, under whose supervision
indeed it had been built, saw its faults and had been
instant with Governor Macquarie to erect a building
which would serve the purpose better ; which would
separate the women placed there for work from the
women placed there for punishment. The Governor's
hostility to Marsden was. however, greater even than
his passion for building, and it was not until 1818
that he commissioned Greenway — the architect, by
the way, of most of the Macquarie monstrosities,
including the Sydney ("Rum") Hospital — to pre-

Howell's Wind and Water Mill.

Ilowell 's wind ami water mill was sitnatoil on the site
where now stands tlie Oasworl\S bridge. Mr. Howell was a
big contractor, and it was liere that he ground the wheat for
the tlonr he had to supply. He was the father of Mrs.
ISiathaniel Payten (who is still alive). Mr. Howell had
another mill in Parramatta North, and, while Mr. George
Neale (father of Mr. .lames Neale) was putting up a new
set of fans the shearlcgs gave way, and Mr. Howell w-as
killed. He was accorded a Masouie funeral, the first ever
held in the town. His was also the first funeral service held
in the Macquarie-street Methodist Church (now Macquarie
liall). Mr. T. D. Little was born in the old mill. Ills parents
arrived in Parramatta a couple of days before he was born,
and they took up a temporary residence in this mill, as they
were unable to procure a house. That was in March, 18.55,

pare a plan. Contracts were called in 1818 — three
years after IMarstlen 's letter on the subject — and the
work was so far advanced in 1821 that over 112
women were lodged in it. Tiic principal building
was planned for the aceotnmodatinn of IT'J inmates,
most of them sleeping two in a lied; but the less
said about the planning the better, for the architect
had actually left out wash-houses and laundries.
Indeed Greenway 's successor as "Colonial Archi-
tect," ]Mr. S. M. Harris, generally condemned the
whole affair in 182:1 The double cells built in the
garden for the use of the refractory, were "totally
useless"; the walls surrounding the building were
"in a very decayed state, and the walls of the
building itself are of the worst description of work-
nuinship, " and the windows were so ill-fitted that
"they cannot be opened to give the ventilation
required, without risk of breaking the glass, and are
therefore seldom or never openi>(l." This factory is
nowadays put to a nobler use and forms part of the
Hospital for Insane.

Little good came out of it when it was devoted to
the original purpose, and, as may easily be inuigined,
nuich harm was done in it and by it. The women
even \veiit so far as to engineer a "rebellion" m
lS'.-7, and, just to lighten up the gloom naturally
caused by a consideration of I his iiicthod of treating
W(unen, the account of this "rebellion." written by
a contemporary, i\lr. H. M. .Alartin, F.S.S.. may be
inserted here. "The third class of prisoners," he
writes, "had been denied the iiuhdgenee of tea and
sugar as a punishment for their refractoriness ; they
refused, therefore, to work any longer, and after
spending two days in sulkiness, they warned the
matron that unless their tea and sugar Avere return-
ed, they would leave the factory. Their Ihreal was
laughed at. but on the third morning, two htnidred
of these viragoes attacked the workmen, took from
them their hammers and sledges, broke open the
huge prison doors, and. rushing into the town, com-
mitted various -depredations. The troops were
(U'dered out. the light company of II. .M. r)7th Hegi-
iiieiit in advan<'e: tile women \)c:\] a i-etre;it towards
the surrounding hills, whilst the bugles of the troops
sounded a charge; the object being to prevent the
facttiry ladies from taking refuge in the bush, which
ruse, liad it succeeded, would have rendered it diffi-
enlt to predict whether JMars or Venus wotdd have
conquered. After various skirmishes or feints, and
divers marchings, the drums and bugles announced
a parley — the l)attle was considered a drawn fight —
and a treaty was agreed to, in which it was stipu-
lated that the fair combatants should march back,
with all the honoi-s of war. within the walls and gates
of the factoi-y. nil deliiniueneies forgiven, inul the
usual allowiinei' of tea and sugar restored."

it would lie hiiniorous, too. were it not so utterly
deplorable and demoralising, to rememljer that the
factory was also a marriage-mart. An emancipist,
say, or even a free settler, who had obtained the
necessary pertnission, would go to the factory for the
])urpose of selecting one of the women for his wife,
the mother of his children. The women who were

I'lHE JUBILEE IlLSTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

aviiilMble ;iikI willing were driiwii up for iiispeetinii ;
the visitor threw his liaiulkerehief or otherwise
sijjuified his preference, and, if the lady were con-
tent, the two were conducted to church straight
away and married. It is said that some of these mar-
riages turned out well. The age of miracles was not
jjast in those days. Any way, it was a good day for
Parramatta and for the colony wlien the factory was
abolislu'd :nnl a wiser s\'slciii snhstitutctl.

GOVERNMENT HOUSE AND THE
GOVERNORS.

(ioverinn- I'liillip, as has liecii seen, built ;i (iovei'n-
nicnt House for himself in 171)11. Situated on the top
of Ruse Hill it at least coimnaii(ied a good view, and
it was undoubtedly superior to the wattle and dab
huts which lined George-street. It was a one-
storeyed building — -14 feet bnig by 16 feet wide —
and it M'as made of brick, laths and plaster. The
roof fell in six years later, and then the second Gov-
ernment House, which was palatial in comparison,
equipped as it was with an attic storey and cellars,
was erected on the same spot. M. Peron. described
it as simple, elegant, and well arranged — "the prin-
cipal ornament of Rose Hill, overlooking the town
and the meadows, the foi'ests and the river." This
building was considered good enough for the repre-
sentative of Majesty until 1811), when what citizens
know as "Old Government House" was con-
structed from designs prepared by Lieutenant Watts,
the amateur architect who is also responsible for the
Old Hospital and for the Dam.

In Old Government House, then, all the Governors
from Phillip's time up to Denison's (1790-1861) came
occasionally for rest and refreshment when they
were weary with contending against what all the
authorities seem to have regarded as the remarkable
wickedness of Sydney. Perhaps the most freciuent
visitor was Sir Thomas Brisliane (1821-5), who did
not like to be too long away from his beloved obser-
vatory. His stay was memDrable, too. in tliat, on
the eve of his departure fi-om the colony, he was
invited to two banquets on the same day — one of
them tendered by the officers and the free settlers
(the "pure merinos," as a ribald generation called
them), and the other Ijy the emancipists, men who,
sent out for offences of a more or less trivial charac-
ter, had served their time or been pardoned. With
the best intentions, Brisbane could not attend both
banquets at the same hour on the same day; for
men drank deep in those times, and the poor
Governor would have seen more stars than ever
Dunloj) catalogued if he had diviibnl his time between
the two. Vei'y sensibly he suggested that the two
parties of willing hosts should unite their forces and
thus give him the pleasure of accejiting l)otli kind
invitations. But that was too much to ask. The
"pure merinos" would not feed with the ex-black
sheep, and the consequence was that the Governor

dined at the Woolpaek with the emancipists, whilst
the other faction held high revel at the Red Cow.

]More melancholy interest attaches to the connec-
tion of Governors Bourke and Fitzroy with Old
(Tovernment House. It was here that ilrs. Bourke
(the Governor had not then been knighted) did,
and she was buried in St. John's cemetery. The
tablet to her memory in the church is so redolent of
old time sentiment that it is well worth transcribing.

It runs : —

Sac-ved to tlie memory of

ELIZABETH .JANE BOURKE,
Wife of Ma.jor-Ueiieral Richard Bourlve. C.B., Captain-
General and Governor-iu-rhief of New iSoutli Wales
and Van Dieman 's Land.
Wlie died at Government House, Parramatta, ou tiie 7tli

May, 1832, in the .54th year of her age.
Reader — She was the most gentle and affei-tiuuate of
God's creatures, correct in all her duties; she Ud a
life of unassuming virtue and practical piety; she
was a comfort and solace to her husband, the friend,
teaclier and nurse of her children, and a blessing to
the poor. He who places this marble to her memory
would indeed be the most wretched of mankind did
he not feel the Christian's hope of uu'Ctiug in a
better worhl lior whom he has lost in tliis.

More tragic was the coiniectiou of (Jovernor
Fitzroy with Old Government House, lie and Lady
Mary, his wife, were starting to drive to Sydney,
on December 7, 1847, and by some accident the
( rovernor had not firm liold of the reins. Something
frightened the four horses, and they dashed wildly

f—

^ '■ '

- A

iK¥^

^^^

llllilMPHE

-rf ■ \'^

IppjHJllll

-^33

Experiment Cottage.

E-xptrimenl Cottage stands on the land (the first Govern-
ment grant in Australia) given to .John Ruse. Surgeon John
Jlarris purchased the land from Ruse, and added it to his own
grant of 110 acres, known as Harris Pari;, The house, which
still remains in the possession of tlie Harris family, is con-
siderably over 100 years old. Surgeon Harris died there in
the year 1S38. In the early fifties Thomas Harris resided
tlu>re aiul raised horses and cattle. Thom.as Harris was a
most industrious man and at one time liad the wliole of tlie
land from the homestead to the railway station under the
]ilough. The estate was left by will to .John Harris, and it
was so willed that the heir to the estate must always be a
•John Harris. In consequence of this clause, before the land
could be cut up and sold it was necessary to have an Enabling
Act passed through Parliament.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

down the hill and iivci-t\irni'd the carriage on a
stump, throwiuL;' the oi'cninints violently out. The
Governor escaped almost luduut. but Lady ]Mavy
Fitzroy and Lieutenant Charles Masters. A.D.C.. died
the same day from the effect of the in.juries they had
received. An obelisk, which was unveiled on Cen-
tenary Day. 18SS. nuirks the spot where tlu-
melancholy event took place.

about the time wlien people were all agoy to sell
everything at a sacritice and take .ship for the
Californian El Dorado, and almost every day in the
following year statements, more or less trustworthy,
were being- made of the discovery of gold in various
parts of New South Wales and Victoria. Amongst
other consequences of this general excitement, labor
was scarce and dear, people who had money to spend

The Lady Mary Fitzroy Obelisk, Parramatta Park.

THE RAILWAY AND THE TRAMS.

The line from Sydney to Parramatta was the first
part of the New South Wales system of railways to
be opened. And that was on September 26, 1855.
For some cousiilerable time before this, the people,
led by men like ]\lr. James ilacarthur. had been dis-
cussing the advisability of introducing railway com-
munication, liut it was not until 1848 that the Sydney
Railroad and Tramway Co. was formed for the
purpose of constructing railways to Parramatta and
Liverpool, and. later on. to Bathurst and (Joulburn.
The ]ii-o])osal hastened slowly, and it was not until
July 3. 1850, that the first sod was turned in tln'
Cleveland Paddock at Redfern by Mvh. Keith
Stewart, daughter of Governor Fitzroy, This was

had no lack of enterprises of a more gilt-edged
variety than railway construction to invest in. and,
in fine, the company could not carry on the work
with the reciuired expedition. In ]\Iarch, 1851, a
£10.000 contract for laying the line from Ashfield to
Haslem's Creek (now Rookwood) was given out,
and. a cou[)le of months later, the construction of the
line to Concord was commenced. This had soon to
be discontinued owing to lack of lal)or. and it was
not until August. 1852. in which month 500 railway
laborers had arrived from Slngland. that ^Ir. W.
Randle undertook the contract for the whole line,
Sydney to Parramatta. There was another dilificulty.
Of course the iron industry had not been established
in those days, and con.sequently the contractor had
to use wooden rails as his work progressed ; and these

THE JUBILEE IILSTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

had til be iciiiMVcd every two iiioiiths. This diffiriilly
vanished when, in .May, l.sr)4, the tir.st earyo of inm
rails was iiiipiuted. At hist the line was well and
truly laid — ini1 to Parraniatta itself. Inil to a spiil
fnll.N' a niih' ffimi the town. l)etween tiie L)oi;tra|)
erossini:- and the i'it.\' road, in what is iniw (Iranville.
and on tlie i)orders of the present nuinieijiality of
I'rosjiect and Sherwood. This was the natni'al objec-
tion to the line in Parraniatta, and it continned in
force until the i)resent statit)n was opened on Jul.v -i.
1860. Added to this was the "(Mieral objection to
any such new-fani;ied way of covering space. Ever.\--
body in S.vdne.v and Parraniatta hunu' back with
lonchiiii;' uiianimit.v from inditliiinf;' in what seemed
a foolish and hazardous enterprise, and at one time
it looked as if the rolling stock — all the four engines,
the 8 tirst-class and the 12 second, and 12 third-class
coaches — would die an ignominious death l),v rusting
out for lack of exercise. Hi)wever, a lioard of five
was appointed to test the line in a train weighing
]:'(! tons. Not without secret misgivings, may haj).
tlid these mart,\'rs 1o (lut\' liid farewell to their
homes; but fortunately no aci-ideiit punishi'd their
temerit.y and tlie.v returned safe to Sydney. At this
stage Governor Deiiison took his wife and family
on a jaunt to Parraniatta and back, and. wln^ii he
r(>pi;rtiHl all well, the peo|;li' took their courage in
liiitli hands and rolled up to tlie railwa,y station on
September 26, 1855, in the largest crowd that had
ever assembled in Australia. The Governor was
escorted to Redfern by volunteers and members of
friendly societies; handkerchiefs fluttered, flags were
waved and a royal salute was fired — and the first
section of the New South Wales railways system was
opened. Its length was 14 miles — the total mileage
of the railways on June, 1910, was 3643. We have
seen what the rolling stock was in 1855 ; in the middle
of 1910. it incduded 872 engines. 718 tenders, 1420
coaching stock, 14,527 goods vehicles, and 1028
departmental stock. Or look at it this wa.v. During
September 26, 1855, 2000 persons travelled to and
fro, six trains being run each way. In the year
1909-10 the passenger journeys on the State railwa.ys
amounted to 53,644,271. Readers with an iiKpiiring
and arithmetical turn of mind will jierhaps amuse
themselves by driving the comparison to its satisfac-
tory end. But fares were proportionately lower
then than they are now. For the single journey,
Governor Denison's subjects were charged 4s, 3s and
2s respectively for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd class single
journey. The fares ought to have come down more
than 50 per cent, in the 56 years which have inter-
vened.

Parraniatta is served liy two steam traiiiwa.v
systems— the older, established in 1883 by Jlr. G. E.
Jeanneret. runs from a junction of the Parraniatta
and Duck Rivers, past Glay Gliff Greek", through the
IMacarthur Estate, and so on through George-street
to the Park Gates in O'Connell-street. It is still
l^rivate property, belonging now to the Sydney
Ferries, which lately purchased the Parramatta-

Syilney ferry service; and it connects the terminus
of this service with the heart of the town.

The other tramway system connects Parraniatta
\vitli the fruit district, running as far as Gastle Hill.
When, recentl.v. the S.\(liiey tram service was changed
from steam motor to electric traction, it was felt that
here was an opportunit.v to introduce a convenience
which had long lieen desired. An agitation which
was maintained with much activity and perseverance
b.\' residents in Parraniatta itself, and the suburbs
whieli would be atfected b,v the line, resulted in the
attainment of the object in view, and the first section
of the line — from the Parraniatta railway station to
Baulkham Hills — was opened in 1902. Since then,
the system has been extended to Ca.stle Hill. At
present there is only a passenger service, the railwa.v
authorities having an unsatisfaetor\- objection to its
extension into a goods service as well. However,
the.\' ma.\' be gradually educated out of this, and
fruitgrowers may in time be able to rini their jirodnce
into market Avithout the prejudicial handling to
wlii(di it is now subject.

A pro])osal is on foot to construct a tr;imway
connecting Parraniatta and Ryde, and towards the
end of September last the Tramways Advisory Boaril
— Mr. ¥j. Flowers (Acting Chief Secretary), chair-
man, and Messrs. Kneeshaw and Conyers — inspected
the suggested route and took evidence at various
points. Such a tram would be of great benefit to
the district, from a residential as well as from a
commercial point of view.

This old cottage, tlip home of .Tohu Maearthur, the father
of the wool industry of ."i-iistralia, still stands. It was called
Elizabeth Farm after his wife. .lust in front of the cottage
stands an old olive tree said to have been planted b.v ('aptaiu
Tench. It is supposed to be the first olive tree planted in
Australia. Many other old trees exist on the estate — willows
brought from St. Helena, cork oaks from Spain, and English
oaks from the old laud. General Maearthur, the son of .lohn
Maearthur, also resided here, and it was he who planted all
the pine trees on the estate. Mr. James Neale, of Hassall-
street, carried the young plants in a glass dish, while the
General planted them. Henry Watson Parker, e.x-Preniier,
also resided there. Ladv Parker, his wife, was Emnudine
Maearthur, daughter of .lohn Maearthur. It was also the
home of .lames Maearthur Bowman (a grandson of John's).
Later still it was occujiicd by the Hon. Thos. Icely. It is
still iu good repair, though considerably over 100 years old.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF rAKlJAMATTA.

POSTAL FACILITIES.

As was but natural, Pan-auiatta sliarcd iu the
general discimit'drt through the al)senee of postal
i'aeilities iu the tirst eouple of deeades of the history
of Australia. There was uo means of postal commu-
nication whatever until 1810. when the fir.st post
office was e.stablished iu Sydney. This post office
was merely an institution for the delivery to
addressees of letters which arrived in the metropolis,
and there was no provision made for the forwarding
of letters inland. There might, for instance, be a
letter lying at the post office for a resident in Parra-
matta, and there it would remain until he called for
it and paid the charge — 8d for a letter from outside
the colony and half that for a Colonial letter. If a
coustalde or a trustworthy private individual, who
was going to Parramatta from Sydney, happened to
call at the office, he might be given the letter for
carriage to its destination ; l)ut there was no re.spoii-
sibility taken for its safe delivery. In process of
time, however, the Government realized the incon-
venience of this method, or want of method, and in
1825 — two years after the proclamation of the first
constitution — an act was passed whereby an up-
country postal service was e.stablished. with delivery
offices iu certain centres. One of these centres was,
of course, Parramatta, and from all accounts the de-
velopment was almost as fruitful of loss and mischief
as tlu^ original arrangement. In one respect, however,
it was a distinct aclvance. in th;it S.vdney was no
longer the absolute terminus of postal matter, tenders
being accepted for the conveyance of nuiils to various
places. But here again the old difficult.v presented
itself, and the country post office, lil<e its Sydney
prototype, was merely a place at which letters were
delivered to addressees on payment of the regulated
charge. Postal administration moved slowly in
those da.vs, however — very different from its alert-
ness now! — and it was not until 1828 that the provi-
sions of this Act of 1S2.'3 were to any sensible extent
observed.

St. John's and Church Street, in 1850.

The old coaching days, before tlie railway caiiic to Pavra-
inatta. The coach proi)rietor was Mr. Watsford. the father
of the Rev. John Wat.sford, Daniel, George, Henry, Benjamin,
and .Joseph. Mr. Watsford was the proprietor of the Star
Inn, which stood on the site now occnjiied by the railway
bridge in Church-street. It was pulled down to make room
for the railway line.

It is uiit iiiiproliaiilc that it was thrcuigli tlu' repre-
sentation of a Pai'ranuitta I'esidcnt. whose luime will
never be known, that the Government was galvanised
into activity. He aecomjilishcd this by means of an
anonymous letter to "The Australian,'" a ])aper
which was established in Sydney in 1824. under the
joint editoi-ship of "William Charles AVentworth and
Dr. R. AVarch-11. In 1828 it was edited by Attwell
Edwin Hayes, and it was owned by, amongst others,
S. Kemp (afterwards part proprietor of the
"ITerald") and T. Bodenham (father of the
manager of the Commercial Banking Company
in Parramatta. Mv. \\ . W . Bodenham). In the
issue of "The Australian" for July 16, 1828, there
is printed a letter, dated "Parramatta, 6th July," by
a person who signs himself "A Well-wisher to Gov-
ernment." and who has been a resident for 10 years.
Then he tells a sad enough story. He gave a note of
hand to a Sydney merchant, and on June 20 this
merchant posted a letter to him. notifying that the
note liad become due. In dite course this letter
reached Parranuitta and was safel.v deposited iu the
Post Office. "Now." the correspondent goes on, "I
never having any occasion to go to the Post Office,
could not, of course, be aware that a letter was lying
there for uic. liut on the 3rd Jul.v I was told by a
friend that a letter was at the Post Office for me."
He went and claimed it. but the notification had come
too late. "The merchant thought that as I had not
sent a rejily to his notice, I did not propose paying
any attention to it. and. in conseiiuence, he imme-
diately goes and gives m.y note of hand into the
hands of his solicitor, with instructions to proceed
against me for the recovery of the amount. Now-
all this is done before I even get my letter; and I
fear all the proi)erty I have, which is but little, will
be snatched from me by the law, and other conse-
quent expenses; and I am to become impoverished
and miserable: and to owe it all only to the establish-
ment of a Post Office at Parramatta!" True, the
gentleman might have directed some of the blame
to himself, who was presumably as well acquainted
with the due date of liis note of hand as the Sydney
merchant. None the less, however, was the system
faulty. He goes on to say, "I am credibly informed
that there are letters laying at the Post Office here,
for persons resident in the town, some of which have
been laying there for five, others for six weeks. I
write this with a view that it may catch the eye of
Authority." It did. pre.sumal)l.v. Any way it was
not the "Australian's" fault if it did not, for the
letter was printed in a prominent place, .iu.st over
the leader; and, in case the eye of Authority .should
miss it, the paper devoted a leading article to it. In
supporting the representations of its correspondent,
the "Australian" said, amongst other things: "There
have been some places called post-offices established
in various districts up-country, it is true, and to such
places, letters, newspapei-s and the like, it is said,
are regularly transmitted according as they may
chance to be severally addressed, but there they ma.v
lie till Doom's day — unless an individual can afford
to throw away time in dancing attendance upon the

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Deputy Postmaster, hourly or dail.y, or weekly, as
the case may be — uo chance has he of ever obtainint;
a communication on which it nuiy hai^peu that his
most vital interests are depending. . . . Can such
a state of things be allowed to exist? For the sake
of a paltry saving in the wages of a carrier of each

FIFTY YEARS AGO.

By Mr. T. D. Little, J. P.

inlaiul post office, nuist there be created a fund of
vexation and expense to the public?" The se(|uel
was satisfactory — at least to this town, however "A
well-wisher to (Tovernment" may have fared. For
we read that by the end of 18:28, the postal staff of
the colony consisted of a principal jiostnuister. a
clerk and a letter-carrier in Sydney, and eight
country postmasters, including the officer at Parra-
matta and one carrier. And the carrier was stationed
at Parramatta.

It was not, howevei'. iiiilil I he town was incorpor-
ated that anything like pmiicr facilities were fur-
nished. From its earliest da>s the Cduncil cmitiiui-
ally and coutinmiusly ajiprdjiched the Government,
asking for additii)iial jiost-nffices, for increase of
accommodation, for the constructinn <>i' letter-boxes
at convenient places, and, generally, for an extension
of the important service. Successive postmasters
have done the best they can with (he means a1 tlu-ir
disposal.

I can only take myself back fifty years. In an
old land that is a short span, but in a comparatively
lunv land it is quite a long stretch.

Fifty years ago Howell's old water-mill stood just
underneath where now stands the gas-works bridge.
Across the river was Dr. Woolls' school and resi-
dence. The George-street Asylum then housed the
military, and, as a little hoy, I remember seeing the
men on parade. Possibly that was about their last
l)arade. before the regiment returned to England.

Another landmark I remember was Peisley's
slaughter-house. It was built just below Lennox
Hridge, on the northern bank of the river, and jutted
over the Ijanks. Then there was Dare's mill — a busy
l)lace. now used as ice works. Mr. Hugh Taylor had
a little Initcher's shop in Macquarie-street, on the
site now occupied by the School of Arts; and
LIrquhart's coach-building shop stood on the site
now occupied by the Post Office. At the "Argus''
corner stood a little lolly shop, presided over by a
fat old lady named Kitty Iloblis; while the opposite
corner was occupied l)y Projihy, the bootmaker. In
his fi'ont garden was a rabbit warren, the envy of
all llie boys in the town. Bropliy's son Mick was a
iioteil jockey. In front of the railway station, to the
south, was a big paddock, in the centre of which
stood a large red lu'ick house, occupied l)y Dr. Gwiuii.
Ilai-i-is Park was then a bush. So also was the Went-
woi'th Estate, Avhere now stand the houses iu Went-
worth, Cowper, Wigrani streets, etc. These paddocks
were once the scene of a gold rush. Trenches were
cut all over the place, which, it was said. Dr. Gwinn
iuid "salted." The old doctor was a queer character,
aiul he spoke with a luisal twang similar to that (if
I he late Sir John Robertson. The police barracks
were in a large walled-in paddock where now staiul
Uie District School. Laiu-er Barracks, etc. Ti'ooper
Budin, a dashing Prenchnuin, who fought with Lord
Cardigan, and took part in the charge of the Six
Hundred, was the idol of everybody. What a great
horseman he was! And how excited he used to
become as he told the story of that charge!

In those days it was a common thing to see teams
of horses and bullocks hauling their loads along the
Western-road, carrying goods to the west — to the
gold fields and the large towns.

On Queen's Birthday the Alxirigines used to
assemble at the nuirket luiildings to receive the
Queen's bounty in the shape of a red blanket. There
was a large paddock at the rear of the Market
Square, and there the blacks used to give exhil)itions
of boomerang throwing.

Dr. Brown was captain of the Volunteers. Others
of our defenders were Color-Sergt. Gilbert Smith,
Lieut. Stewart, Ensign Byrnes, and, of course, our
own Charley Cawood. In the band were Messrs.
George Coates, W. Jones, J. Parsons, John Gray, Joe
Bi-ogden, -Tack Whitton and Spouiu-er.

Then there were the great Parramatta cricketers —

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Tom Ashby, Jimmy Folkes, John Booth, Jim Wil-
liams, Bob Dunn, the Paytens, Ted. Lakeman, Joe
Rutter, Bob. Rutter, and others. The great matches
were between Sydney, Jlaitland, Windsor and Par-
ramatta, and the ^ames were i;enerally for £2 per
man.

We ;ils(i had alhh'ti's in timsr (lays, such as Dan.
Watsford, sujiposeil tin-n to be the fastest ped. ui the
colony; but his father could never induce him to
run in a professional race. He was a King's School
boy, and he upheld the dignity of the old school.

In the noble art of self-defence we also had a
champion in Parranuitta. Blacl< P'rank was the
artist, and he fought some iiieuKU'abh' tights against
another champion called "Vclbiw .Jinuny," Mnd the
famous boxer "Black Pcrrw"

I)ack after it reached the nape of the neck. Those
cabbage-tree hats were fashionable, and cost up to
ten guineas each. Some of them were of exquisitely
I)laited sennet; but they were as heavy as lead. A
man would ratlier, in those days, ha\'e a good hat
Ihan a watch and chain. Tlie s[M)rls witc known as
the •■('al)l)age Tree Hat P.riga(U^"'

Besides Tbc King's School, we had Xewington Col-
lege, just down the river, on the Blaxland Estate.
A nundier of our boys v\a^nt there — John Harper
(now Railway Commissioner), the Fernns, Joe Pay-
ten, Dick Hunt. Tom Hunt, and others. John
llarjx'r was a tine cricketer.

Of tlie tradesmen and storekeepers of fifty years
ago, not one has left a lineal descendant in the work,
except in the case of Tom Price. Ills father was a

Church Street, Parramatta, looking North, showing BanU of New South Wales.

^li-s. Wickham was tlu' postmistress, the office
being in the cottage in ( ieoi ge-street. afferwiirds the
residence of Mr. R. L. Dunn.

And who does not I'emcmbcr our old postman,
Sandon? He delivered the whole of the letters, and.
when the Elnglish mail came in. lie would be on his
rounds till as late as 10 o'clock at night. Xo eight
hours in those days!

Then what a lot of ovcrhuiders we had — the Wats-
fords, the Barneses, Jim Waddick, Jack Tluirne,
Ernest Wright, the Cami)bel]s f Duncan and XeiP).
They were the cattle drovers who tool; their mobs
over thousands of miles. They wore calibage-tree
hats and long hair fashionablv tui'ued inwards at the

dapper Wclshniaii. wlm ,'ihv:iys won' a shiny white
silk hat, and a plaid suit. He was a keen sport, and
had the best gmi ami dogs in the country.

Surely the half-cent ni-y has seen a great change
in the old town: but not so great as the next half
cent iii'X' will see.

THE JTTBILEK HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

CHAPTER 11.— THE CHURCHES OF PARRAMATTA.

ST. JOHN'S.

THOUGH it is not the name of the Rev. Richard
Johnson, H.A., whii-h is m.iinly connected
with the history of the Anglican Church in
Parraniatta, yet it should not be forgotten that the
first Chaplain held services regularly here, in the
open air, and, later, appropriately enough, in a car-
penter's shop. Indeed, as Archdeacon Gunther
reminds in his informing brochure on the church and

Marsden, who had then been two years in spiritual
charge of Parramatta; and in 1798 Governor Hunter
laid the foundation of a church which was later to be
called after the lay-canonized finuidcr. For, before
l\Iarsden entered upon the first-fruits of his earnest
labors and consecrated his church on Easter Sunday,
April 10, 1803, the third Governor, Captain Philip
Gidley King, had issued his order that "the churches
now building at Sydney and Parramatta be respec-
tively named St. Phillip's, in honor of the first

St. John's Church and Parish Hall, Parramatta.

parish which he loved and served so well, it was
under his auspices that the first effort was made here
to erect a substantial church in Australia. The
authorities, however, • had other purposes in view,
and the building was used as a lock-up during the
conduct of the operations, and afterwards as a
granary — a "conversion," truly, which was not con-
templated by the earnest but perplexed Chaplain.
In 1796 the materials of two wooden huts wore
formed into a temporary church, at the corner of
George and IMarsden Streets, bv the Rev, Samu.cl

Governor of the Territory, and St. -John's, in honor
of tile late Governor (Captain John Hunter)." It
is indeed fortunate that King's successors did not
follow his example in the canonization of ex-
governors — "St. Gidley's" would not have been an
im|(osiiit;' filh'.

The Church of 1803.

However, people were not so p.irticular in those
da.ys, and nobod.v seems to have remarked the in-
congruity of the arrangement. Ma,rsden, least of all.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARKA^MATTA.

Hi> tind at last attaiiu'd tlic first objfct of his amli'-
lion. and St. John's Ciiurcli had lio^/un its Ion" and
interesting liistory. A inodei-n eoimrcgation wonld
possibly not have a()preciated tlie huildiny and tlio

aceoniniodation jirovidi-d. TIhtc wi-re no i:)e\vs. for
instance, when the eluu'cli was opcnrd: and in those
(hiys it would not he feasible to supply their place
with chairs. The congregation woidd have to ))ut up
with such rough and ready forms or seats of any
kind that the lil)erality or thi' ingciuiity of parishion-
ers could sujiply. As time woih' on. jiews were
furnished, aiul. as we shall see a little later, they
were not all of an ordinary i<ind. Here a.ssenibled
the officers from the Bai'iaci\s wiu'n they were lui
duty, together with the townsjieople. In the gal-
leries wt'i'e to be found the eonvii'ts and the soldiers;
later, too. the children of the I'rotestant Orphan
School ; and. when The King's School was established,
the boys trooped here every Suiula.v. At first the
building was of brick, stuccoed; two tovv'ers were
added in time; and. when the church itself was re-
moved and rebuilt of stone, these towers were left
standing. They are what one sees to-day. One
legend about them is that they were built by Mrs.
I\Iacquarie in fulfilment of a vow. whilst another
attributes the pious worlc to .Mis. Macarthur. wife
of the resolute opponent of .Mrs. .Mac(puirie's hus-
band, the Governor (1810-1821). According to the
old fashion, the pews, when the.v were added, were of
the high and roomy kind, in whicli worshippers were
largely concealed from their fellows. To meet this
couvenieuee. the officiating ministers had to assume
a very elevated position, if they desired to be seen
by their flock, iienned up in tlu' hi.nh pews. Accord-
ingly, in the middle of the church stood a high
'"three-decker" aft'air, concerning which I may be
permitted to quote from an article I euntriliuted to
"The Argus'" on the occasion of the celebration of
St. John's Centenary (April. 1897): —

The Three-decker.

'"In the vestry of St. John's one of the most inter-
esting memorials of past times is to be found in a
picture of the old three-decker pulpit u.sed early this
century. It is an extraordinary looking arr;ingement
— one calculated to strike awe into the heart of the
most incorrigible. On the sununit stands Samuel
Marsden. correctly attired in the Geneva gown and
bands which was then — and until only a few years
ago — considered the proper apparel for a clergy-
man when he was delivering his sermon. Below him
in surplice and stole, with the hood of his Oxford
degree showing — is ^Ir. Bobart, who was to succeed
ilr. Jlarsden in the incumbency. In the lowest place
the clerk — 3Ir. J. F. Statf — solemnly gazes at the
congre.iration as one who has satisfactorily dis-
charged his dutv."'

Thanks to the courtesy of ilr. H. Wright, the accom-
plished Librarian of the ^Mitchell Library, 1 have been
able to sui)])l.\' pai'tienlars of this three-decker which
have not. so far ;is 1 know. I)een imblished hitherto.
These were obtained from a numuscript volume
entitled: "Re|)ort and Estimate of the value of the
imiu'ovenu^nts which have taken place in the Public
Huildin.as of S.\'diU'y. Pari'amatta. Windsor, Liver-
l>ool, and Camplxdltown, between the li.jtli of Decem-
ber, 1S22, and the 24tli of December. 1823, inclusive:
and an E.xpose of the i)resent state of the Publi.j
Buildinus in New Siaitli WmIps. B.v (U'der of His

I'HE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

4-7

Kxeelleiir-y. Sir Thoiiias Urisbjinc, K.C.B., etc., etc.
JIade by 'S. JI. Harris. Arc-hilcct. 1S24." The first
item ill the " I'arraniatta Church"' estimates is "A
pulpit, witli two tliylits (if stairs and jiedestal, X.'2o."

Tliat must have been the ecdelu-atcd " three-deelfer."'
These estimates, which tot up to iL'22S 2s '2d, con-
tain that further information about the seating
accommodation of old St. John's which was promised
above. There was no nonsense in those days, what-
ever there ma\' be now. at)oiit there beinf>' no respect
of persons in a clnircli. and no doulit as to whose
comfort should lirst be considered. We find accord-

in<j;]y that £35 was being expended on "upholstery,
with imitation Sjianish Leather, stuffing to seats and
back of Governor's Pew," whilst the sum of £15 10s
8d (for "stuffing," wainscoting and 16 pairs of

hinges) was considered enoiigli to provide for the
wants of all the common worshippers put together.
In this interesting volume — which used to lie in the
Architect's Department till, at Mr. Wright's general
request, it was handed over to the Jlitchell Lilirary
— we have a "Plan of Parramatta Church" and
"Elevation — showing Reculvers Towers." We are
also told that: "Parramatta Church has undergone
sundry alterfitions and additions in Plaistering and
Woodwork. — A new Gallery has also been put u]) in
the year 1823, but the worJviiianship, as well as the
otliei- repairs, is badly done, and it is very doubtful
whether the walls of the Church, from the inferiority
of the IMaterials, will lie of long duration."

The Church as it is Now.

In view of this denunciation — more emphatic than
grammatical — it is not surprising that the church
M-as closed in 1852. When the new iniilding was
opened in 1855, the only part of the old church left

standing was the towers. Since then transe])ts were
added (1883) and stained glass windows and otlier
handsome memorials have from time to time been
presented. The walls are rich with tablets and
brasses to the memorv of men and women who hav('

South Wales and else-

made their mark' in New
where, and St. John's, the mother church of a
goodly number of churches and parishes in the sur-
rounding districts, is a fitting, as it is a striking,
nionument in the Historic Borough. During its long
and honorable career it had been ruled by only four
men. when, this year, the Rev. S. M. Johnstone was
ap])ointed to the incumbency resigned by the Yvn.
Archdeacon (iunther. These four are: S. IMarsden,
1794-1838; II. H. P.obart. M.A.. 1838-1853; R. L.
King, B.A., 1855-1868, and W. J. Gunther, M.A.,
1868-1910.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY 01^ PARRAMATTA.

ALL SAINTS'.

Acting on the excellent priiiciiile professed by a
well-known writer — that when onee one has deliber-
ately eliosen certain words to express one's meaning
one cannot, as a rule, alter them with advantage —
we make no apology for liorrowing for our account
of All Saints' Church. Pai'i'amatta North, from an
article wliicli appeared in "The Cumberland Argus"
some yeai's ago.

Early in 18!)7, when some surprise was expressed
in the public press at the absence of any memorial to
Samuel Marsdeu. Archdeacon Gunther wrote to re-
mind the objectors that such a memorial did exist
in the stibstantial shape of All Saints' Church, Par-
ramatta. Noliody. however, seems to know the
exact date of the laying of the foundation-stone.
Before us, as we write, lies a l>rass plate Ijcaring the
following inscription: —

"This foundation-stone of the Church of All
Saints, to lie dedicated to the Worshij) of Almighty
God. was laid by tlie Right Reverend Father in God,
William Grant Broughton, D.D., Lord Bishop of
Australia, in the year of our Lord mdcccxliii. Henry
H. Bobart, A.jM., Incumbent of St. John's Church."

Above the line giving the year is a space left blank
— evidently for the insertion of the day of the month.
But the omission of this piece of information would
almost lead one to imagine that the brass was never
used — at any rate it cannot have referred to the pre-
sent church. The only thing that the plate proves is
that the parish was at first part of St. John's, and
that the erection of the church wa.s decided upon
during the incumbency of Mr. Bobart, who succeeded
JMarsden on that gentleman's death in 1838.

The same vexatious uncertainty dogs our footsteps
throughout. We have before us the original list of
"svibscriptions in aid of the funds for erecting a
church in the Parish of jMarsfield to the memory of
the late Reverend Samuel Marsden." This was cer-
tainly started in the Governorship of Sir George
Gipps (1838-184(j). for he is mentioned as the donor
of £10. Other subscriptions included Jlarsden him-
self, who left £200, the Society for the Propagation
of the Gospel, through Bishop Broughton £100. Han-
nibal II. I\Iacai-thur £100, G. T. Palmer (Commissary,
one may suppose) £100. John Betts £50, Dr. Ander-
son (whose name one of the Parramatta Wards com-
memorates). Rev. Robert Forrest (the first Head-
master of The King's School, who was also godfather
to one of our wards and to whose memory the fine
cast window in All Saints' was erected), Francis
Watkins. father of Mr. F. T. Watkin.s, and J. B.
Bettington (his wife put U]) another window in tlu;
church). Other well-known names an- those of
Suttor, Blaxland, Staft", Woolls ami Eliot t. the Police
ilagistrate. The clergy in those days were either
nmch better off than their successors now, or else
they were much more generous. Amongst the foun-
ders besides Marsden aud Forrest, already named,

were: Rev. Thomas Hassall. Rev. II. II. Bobart. Rev.
Janu's Allen. Rev. John Eyer, Rev. John Troughton
anil licv. G. E. Turner. Indeed, as its history proves,
All Saints' owes nnu-h to the piety and liberality of
its clergymen. This list — the aggravating document
hasn't got a date from beginning to end — must have
been kept open for a long time, as we find that
Governor Sir Charles Fit/.roy gave £10. aud he did
not begin his rule in New Soutii Wales till 1846.

Before this, however, then' was some sort of a
church, probably the small wooden building in Pen-
nant-street, to which reference is made in some old
papers. The registers still in use bear this inscrip-
tion: "1st March, 1844. These Registers were pre-
sented to the parish of JMarsfield by the joint contri-
butimis of H. H. ]Macarthur, Esq.. of the Vineyard,
and ^Irs. Gore, of Pemberton Cottage, in the follow-
ing sums: H. H. I\Iacarthur. Esq., £1 ; ilrs. Gore, 10s.
James Walker, :M,A.. ilinister of Marsfield." The
first entry is the baptism of ]\lary Jane Pye, by Rev.
W. B. Clarke, which took place on March 3. 1844.
Th)-ee months late John Harris was married to Ann
White by the Rev. J. Walker, and on ]\Iarch .5 the
first burial — that of ]Mary Ann Ralph, aet 13 — was
reconh'd by the same clergynum.

The Consecration.

We are getting now nearer to the region of dates.
There was first the church that was part of St. John's
Parish, as evidenced by the brass plate above-men-
tioned, aud then there was the small wooden church
in Pennant-street, under the charge of the Rev. J.
Walker, who reigned from 1844-1847. About £1000
had been collected or promised and the congregation
decided on building a church. The original plan
submitted was less expensive than that ultimately
adopted — mainly through Bishoji Broughton 's infiu-
ence. There is no record of when the foundatiou-
stone was laid or of when the new church was opened
for Divine service. But there is in existence an
account dated "S.vdney, 15th February. 1848," in
which the Registrar of the Diocese of Sydney sets
foi-th his claims upon "The Trustees of All Saints'
Church. .Marsfield." as follows: — "January '21. 1848.
Drawing a fair copy Petition for consecration of
church, 6s 8d ; drawing nnd lugrossing sentence of
consecration — fee for .seal — parchment and registra-
tion, £2 2s; attending attesting ])roceedings. £1 Is;
expenses, 10s 6d." It is satisfactory to know that
the Registrar (whose name as signed looks like II.
Ilari-ison James) received the aiiKUint £4 Os 2d from
the Rev. F. Cameron (incund)ent from 1848-JIay,
184i)). The receipt is not dated — nothing seems to
have been dated in those days — but payment was
Miithoi-ised hy the Trustees on P>bruary 26, 1848;
from whicli we might coiudude that the consecration
liad already lidvcn place. Elsr why "attending
attesting |)i-oceedings" ' Against this we have the
tradition that the ceremony took place on July 27 —
liir d.'iy (111 whicli anniversar\' services have been
held. But, if there is no evidence of the date, why
should not the church celebrate its anniversary on

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF FARRAMATTA.

November 1 — All Saints' Day? This would seem to
be more in aecordanee with ecclesiastical usage.

Tile church then consecrated was. of course, not
as large as the present one, and the student of archi-
tecture can see at a glance where the addition was
made. The King's School had no less than seven
pews in it, according to an old plan before us, on
which some unknown benefactor in the distant past
by a luippy chance wrote "July. IS-iS."
Money ditl not come in freel.v. and it w
seem that some of the persons who had
their names down for suJiseriptions
not fulfilled their obligations.
These were promptly rounded
up, with gratifying results in
many cases, whilst in others the
melancholy words "no good"
indicate the collectors' opinions
of some of tlie "subscribers.'"
However, they got in over

£100 with which to help liquidate the £450 debt.

Internal Troubles.

ilr. Cameron had a trouliled year of it. For one
thing he actually jjreached in his surplice, and wo
can all remember what a heinous sin that was till a
very much later date than 1848. To-daj' the strictest
of Evangelicals preach in their surpliee — and nobody

All Saints' Church, Parramatta North.

THE JUKILEE HISTORY OF PARRAI\1ATTA.

thinks (lii'.v iiie therefore on the road to Rome. But
then it wa.s diti'ereut and the parishioners of All
Saints' protested to the parson, and, when that was
not successful, appealed to the Bishop. Bishop
Broughttm did not attach xrvy much importance to
the (piestion of vestments — in whicli. as in many
otlier thinjis. he was in advance of the time — but, for
peace sake, he advised ihc disrontinuam-e of the
practice.

The Rev. W. F. Gore (18-49-1862) now l)ei:au his
beneficent ministrations and it is to him of all the
incumbents that All Saints' ciwcs most. To start
with he had a little difficulty. Tlir worshippers at
this church have always taken the keenest interest
in matters eeclesiastieal, and some of them have dis-
played remarkable keenness in secntina: out heresy
or Romanism in the most unexjjected quarters. The
Rev. F. Cameron, it appears, had introduced the
startling '"innovations"' of a weelcly (itfertory and
the "revival of Saints' days." The latter term

Rev. W. F. Go

meant that prayrrs were s;iid |)ul)licly nn tliese days,
in compliance, one may suppose, with the direct
arraiiuements of the rubiic. The trustees of the
church— .Mr. J. B. Bettington. Dr. Woolls and Dr.
Anderson — with the churdiwardens and some sixty
other members of the congregation, looked upon both
llu'se "innovations" with suspicion, and they peti-
tioned the Bishop to order Mr. Gore to discontinue
them. According to the petitioners, both had been
introduced by the Tractarian Party and were there-
fore "looked upon with suspicion and mistrust."
Besides, they argued with crusiiing logic, if there
are to be public services on week-days, why on
Saints' days only? Why not every day? As to the

"weekly offertory ' it was flat Popery, and. if the
practice were continued, the i)arishio)iers woidd stay
away from liniich altogether or else leave before the
plate came i-ound. (Prejudices die hard. To this
day one may se<' w(U-shippers — not in All Saints'
only — gazing with suspicion at the plate as it works
its wily way along the pews, or raising their eyes
in holy liori-oi- to the roof till the evil tiling has
passetl from them i.

Bishop Broughton wrote the petitioners a very
sensible rejjly. PA'en if the matters complained of
had really been introduced by the Tractarians, that
Avas not a convincing argument against them. The
weekly offertory was a necessity to church life in
Australia — how many denominations have fouinl that
out? — and. as regards the observance of Saints' days,
services had been expressly appointed by the Church.
He would like to see daily services established, but,
failing that, they should welcome any instalment of
complete unifoiniity with the rubric. And. to wind
up. he added that, even if he desired to order ilr.
Gore to refrain from the practices complained of,
he had no power to interfere.

AYhich ought to have shut up the pugnacious peli-
tiouers, but didn't. They held a meeting — Dr.
Anderson in the chair — in which they placed on
record the feelings of "deepest regret and apprehen-
sion'" with which they had read the Bishop's lett^'r,
and resolved to appeal to the Archbishop of Canter-
bury. They let Bishoj) Broughton know of their
intention, so as to give him another chance of tloing
his duty as each of them would have done it if
Providence had made him or her a Bisho|). Strange
to say. Dr. Broughton was not terror-stricken at the
tlireat. He may have known that the Ai-clibishop
of Canterbury would be little inclined to interfere
in an absurd quarrel like this, so many tliousands
of miles away from Lambeth. Any way this is what
he wrote to the All Saints' popes — the autograjih
letter is before us: "It will afford me unfeigned
satisfaction if. in compliance with your solicitation,
it shall be in the power of His Grace the Archbishop
of Canterbury to devise with the ecclesiastical auth-
orities any such celebrations of Diviiu; services as.
without violating the rules of the Church, shall
accord w'ith the wishes of the memorialists." Pos-
sible the memorial was never sent to the Archbishoj).
There is, at any rate, no record of any reply having
been received; and. if any were sent, it is safe to
assume that the memorialists were gently informed
that even the Primate of All England has mi |)ower
to direct a clergyman tn desi.st from olicying the
ordinance and directions of the Church.

Next year, however, the parishioners scored off tlu'
Bishop — much, we ma.v be sure, to their satisfaction:
though, to their credit be it said, they dmi't make
an.v outcry about it. Wlicn. earlv in 184!). it had
been decided to make an eft'ort to ri'(luce the £o-tO
debt on tin' cliurch. apjiiication had been made to the
Bishop, who had promised to contribute £60 — one
moiety in August, anil the other at the close of the
.vear. His lordshi]) had evidently been so nnich per-
turbed about the appeal to the Archbishop of Can-

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAIMATTA.

terliury that the promised donations had not turned
np, and in IMareh, 1850, Mr. E. II. Htatham— a briglit
e.xaniple of inethodieal arrangement and distinct pen-
manship in those days of dateless scrawls — wrote, on
behalf of the Trustees and Churchwardens, to remind
him of the cireumstauee. In forwarding his £30 a
few days later the Bishop expressed the opinion tliat
the opposition to the weekly offertory and the "some
kind of appeal" to the Arclibishop might not un-
reasonably be regarded as exonerating him from fur-
ther participation in the measures adopted by the
parishioners for the relief of their church and for its
future sustentation. The churchwardens, however,
did not at all agree with him on this point. Bishop
Broughton's money was all right, if his theology or
knowledge of ecclesiastical law were inferior to
theirs. "Pecunia non olet" — sovereigns have no
Romanizing tendencies. Indeed, so highlv did the

some of the high-toned people who worshipped at
All Saints' in those days — though, by all accounts,
she was as charming as she was beautiful. A mem-
licr of the Innes family was hardly likely to jnit up
with any criticism of that kind. Mr. Fletcher had a
short reign. He had an idea — right or wrong — that
the churchwardens should supply him with all need-
ed houseliold appliances and he was much shocked
at the absence of candlesticks. Wherefore he invited
the churchwardens to his house, and. the festive
board being lit up with a lot of candles stuck in a
))eggarly array of empty beer bottles, asked them
whether they thought the exhibition decent. Let us
hope they were convinced. But Mr. Fletcher soon
got an appointment in another colony — an oppor-
tunity which was said to have l)een meant for
another divine rejoicing in that not particularly un-
(•(iinniiiii name.

mmsk

His Majesty's Prison, Parramatta.

Tr\istees ;ippri>\'e wK liishnp linnigbfon's money that
we find them applying on New Year's Day of 1851
— so as to begin the year well — for the second £30.
But whether they go1 tliis nr ii<i1 the record sayeth
not. They <leserve(l it.

List of Incumbents.

The following clergymen luive lii'id tiie office of
incumbent of All Saints': — hnnes Walker. M.A.,
1844 to 1847; F. Cameron. 1848 to .May. 1849; Wil-
liam F. Gore, 1849 to 1862; George Barlow. iSo'i to
July, 1867; (}. A. C. Innes, 1867 to July. 1868; J.
Fletcher. 1868 to Sept, 1868; J. R. lUomfield. 1868
to Nov.. 1886; John Done. 1886 to the present day.

During the absence of Jlr. Gore, October to Decem-
ber, 1862, the Rev. F. Armitage officiated and llie
Rev. G. E. C. Stiles was locum tenens for Jlr. Blom-
tield from December, 1883, to November, 1884. Mr.
Innes' choice of a second wife was not pleasing to

The Surplice Heresy Again.

In the alisence of W\\ Harlow on one occasion the
Rev. F. Armitage preached for him and incidentally
got pulled up by the zealous heresy-hunters for the
heinous crime (as it was then regarded) of preaching
in a surplice. Which reminds tlie present writer of a
curious defence of the innovation nuuh:' many years
ago in a church in Dublin — the hotbed of strong
Protestantism — by a gentlenuin who certainly was
not a Ritualist. He was a big man of a portly habit
— was. alas — and one of the firmest friends and truest
f Ihri.stians that one could meet. On the fir.st occasion of
his preaching in the surplice instead of the academic
gown he bade his congregation notice that the "iiuio-
vation"" had no coiuiection with Rome. It was on
gi'ounds of pure convenience that he preached in his
surplice. The clergy, he saiil. did not ask the congr(>-
gation to go out of the church and change their dress

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

for the sermon. Why should the congregation ask
the clergy to do this? This eommonsonse way of put-
ting things a[)i)eal('d to the people, and there was
no further troubh' in tliat church about the matter,
liut p(;ople were less reasonable in All Saints' in
1862, as the following documents will show: "21st
Sunday after Trinity, November 9, 1862. We, the
undersigned churchwardens, beg to enter our protest
against jtreaching in the surplice as was this day the
case, a Rev. Mr. Armitage performing service for
Rev. Mr. Barlow. We make this protest in order
that it may not be taken as a precedent. D. J. Wood-
riff, E. H. Statham." This was minuted by the
offender as follows : ' ' This oecniTence was quite acci-
dental and would have been immediately explained

Betts collected the offertorj' and the vestry was as
open to him as to us. In our ojjinion a protest is the
act of the purely-prote.sting and not that of the cor-
porate body. Mr. Betts' remarks have been added
since Sunday. !)th inst. E. II. Statham, D. J. Wood-
rift'." liishop Barker wrote a long and thoughtful
letter on the subject, and the protest did not do much
harm. Any way, if the churchwardens had only
allowed Mr. Armitage to explain they would have
f(uuid that the alleged "ritualism" was indeed noth-
ing more than an accident.

Enlargement of the Church.

The cheerful ignorance of the date of the opening
of All Saints' which has been somewhat of a

Church Street, North Parramatta, loaking South.

had citiici- III' tile I'hiiri'hwaiilcns s|)()kcn In nie on the
sub.ject. F. Arniitage." Then comes in another
churchwarden with. "With regard to the above
memorandum. I feel it my duty to record my opinion
Upon the matter refci'red 1o. I entirely dissent from
this protest, which I consider altogether luiealled for.
I now take this opportunity to assert my right to ue
consulted in all matters wiicrc the interests of the
Church, in this i)arish. are coneerneil. Atul I think
that where two ciiureliwardens ignore the third, as in
this case, it is an assunijition of authority contrary
to the rules of the Cliureh and at variance with the
Act of C^ounei! iinilei- which this Church exists in
this colony. J. A. i'.etls." The objectors object
again: "The protest was entered in open vestry. Mr.

s1nmli]inu-lilnel\ in our way — attempting at tliis dis-
tance of tinu> to give something like a consecutive
history of the church — was freely admitted by the
authorities when, in 1859, it was found necessary to
add to the structure. The ofticial "Report of the
Trustees and Churchwardens on the subject of the
enlargement of All Saints' Church. .Marslield. 1860,"
begins with the following sentence: — "Soon after
the oi>ening of the present church in 1817-8 it became
evident to the Trustees and Chnrchwardcns that the
design was on too small a scale for the re(iuirements
of the E])iscopalians on the northern side of I'arra-
matta, and m;in\- parishioiuM-s — ]iartly from not
being able to obtain pews, and partly from old asso-
ciations — continued to attend the parish ehureh of

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

St. John's ou the south side of the town." Resort
was had to many expedients for the accommodation
of worshippers, but at last it was evident to Mr. Gore
and his otiieers that the church must be enhirged.
After reference to Mr. E. T. Blacket, the eminent
ecclesiastical architect, it was found that the only
thing to do was to add two comi)lete "bays" and to
renu)ve the chance! furtlu'i' to the east. Yes, but this
would cost money. Ilownmch? £l(i()(). Where was
the money to be obtained? In November, ]8.i9, part
of this problem was salved, Mr. Gore then offering to
lend £800 at 6 per cent, from the completion of the
building — a ridiculously low price as money then
went — the principal not to be demanded until the
other moiety recpiired to complete the work should
be paid to the conti'actor. And — to quote the words
of our authority (Mr. Statham, we should judgiO —
"still further to eiUMiurage the speedy li([uidation of
the dcl)t, the Rev. Incumbent offered that, so soon as
the sum of £700, with interest on the full sum ad-
vanced, should be paid off, the remaining £100 should
be foregone as a donation. With full reliance on the
good faith of the parishioners and trustees no per-
sonal liability is exacted for the fultilment of these
conditions." This, of course, was too good an offer
to be refused, and the officers set to work. Mr.
Ilouison, the contractor, did his part well and was
content with a guarantee for his portion, payable
at the rate of £50 per annum — the principal to carry
interest until paiil. Amongst other subscribers
besides Mr. (iore we find the following names: Mvsi.
J. B. Bettington, Mrs. Betts, lAlrs. Elliott, and .Mrs.
B. Baldock, Rev. F. Armitage, Dr. Woolls. J\lessrs.
( '. W. Finch, James Pye, D. J. Woodritt', Betts, E. H.
Statham, A. 0. Grant, T. Whiteside, H. Harvey. R.
Keyes. and P. ]Miller. The King's School boys made
a collection and there is a mysterious item in the
account, dated March 8, 1860, "Foundation-stone ser-
vice," £3 9s fid. All Saints' must have had a great
many foundatiou-stoiui's laid — aiul nobody knows
anything aliout them. The monej' raised according
to the account presented to the Easter Vestry, 18(;i.
by the Treasurer, Mr. E. H. Statham, totalled £1130
2s 3d, but this included the £800 loaned by Mr. Gore.
Mr. Houison's account for the alteration and exten-
sion was £1717 13s 6d, and for pewing extension
£128, and, when all was said and done, the work cost
]Mr. Gore some £750 aiul the church ott'ertories —
meaning practically, the clergyman's stipeiul — about
the same amount.

It is indeed to .Mr. (Jorc that All Saints" ('luii-i-h
owes most of its iiresent beauty and completeness.
lie gave it the nu)ney we have mentioned. He de-
voted to it his salary for years. One of the bells was
presented by him. Four of the stained-glass windows
which adorn the church were erected by liim. The
parsonage was chiefly l)uilt b.y money given hy him.

The property, "Endrim," owned by him — where Mr.
J. E. Bowden now lives — was rented by him to the
churchwardens at £30 a year, the rent to be paid
to the Clergymen's Stipend Endo^vment Fund. It
was out of the fund thus increased that the present
parsonage was built. The schoolhouse and master's
dwelling were built at his instigation and we have
before us a list of sul)scri|itions collected for this
object. The document has the common fault of All
Saints' documents — it is undated; but it records the
liberality — to the extent of some £400 — of the con-
gregation.

But there is one tiling which must attract the
attention of the visitor to the church — and that is
the altar. Rai.sing the cloth the discreet visitor will
note that it is placed there "To the glory of God and
to the memory of" three ladies, each of whom has
her name inscribed on one of the paiui'ls. These were
the three wives of the Rev. J. R. Blomfield, a man
who was most highly esteemed by iiis congregation,
whom he led from 18()8 to 1886. His jtraise is still
high in the mouths of those who knew him. His
tenure of office was the longest of all the incumbents
hitherto, until the present incumbent beat the record.
This is the Rev. John Done, who has been in eharge
now for (puirter of a century.

No account of All Saints' Church would be any-
thing approaching completeness if it did iu)t contain
something about the liells. Dift'erent opinions are
expressed about church bells, some jiersons hold-
ing that they are a nuisance, whilst others maintain
that they are a great aid to devotion. Possibly the
mean is the right viev/. Bright bells ringing merrily
and clearly on festival occasions caiuiot be other than
a joy to healthy-minded and healthy-bodied people;
and most of us have known how potently the solemn
tone of the "passing bell" mingles with and attunes
itself to the grief of mournei's. We are not surprised
to hear that some persons coinijlain when bells are
nuig at unearthly hours, but, on the whole, taking-
all drawbacks into consideration, a good peal of bells,
well rung, is a desirable thing to have in a town.
Certainly All Saints' Church has such a peal. Parra-
nuittans will be interested to hear about these bells
anil what thev cost, as per account presented to the
Easter Vestry of 1857. They cost £101 3s 9d all told
— no ])un intended — ami the money was collected by
^lessi's. Weaver. Betts. Statham and Robinson, assist-
ed by a donation of £20 from Mr. Gore. The donors
were: Treble bell, Mr. Henry Harvey; secoiul bell,
Mr. W. Tiudle and I\Ir. W. Fullagar; third, Mr.
James Pye : fourth, :Mr. Robert B. Baldock : lifth, Mr.
and Mrs. J. B. Bettington ; and the sixth, the
parishioners of 1855. There is a very fine team of
bell-ringers now in the belfry, under the skilled eap-
taincv of Mr. A. French,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

ST. PATRICKS

If the i-ude forefathers of our eoiauamity deserved
the eondenmation of zealous men like Marsden for
their generally indecorous behaviour and, particu-
larly, for their uinvillintruess to attend the ordin-
ances of religion, they might at least claim as a set-
off that they took all sorts of care to induce those
under their control not to forsake the assembling
of themselves together. Posted up on the Parra-
matta public notice-board, for instance, there was
this general order: —

"Every person will regularly attend public wor-
ship, which will begin at 10 o'clock on Sunday morn-
ing. The Commissary is directed to stop 21b. of

si)iritual guides that these unhappy people — many of
them, like their companions in misfortune, being
transported for "crimes" which would now be ade-
quately punished by a fine or "the rising" — had
to suffer the extra penalty of being deprived of the
consolations of religion. Two priests — one only of
whom, the Rev. Thomas Walshe, has his name re-
corded^ — petitioned to be allowed to accompany the
Fleet, but Lord Sydney, the ^linister resi)iinsible
for the arrangements, did not think it worth while
even to answer their petition. Yet they did not ask
much. "We are not so presumptuous," is the post-
script of the letter, "as to wish .support from Gov-
ernment ; we offer our voluntary services ; we hope,
however, not to offend in entreating for our pas-
sage." And, seeing that there was no other way of

^^m^m^m^^a^^^gm

St. Patrick's Church and Presbytery, Parrarratta.

meat from every overseer, and 1 ' :;lb. from every
convict, male or female, who does not attend Divine
service, uidess prevented by illness or other sufficient
cause. ' '

Unhappily, the Divine service thus thoughtfully
pressed upon the attention of the people was not
that to which many of the inhabitants at that time
belonged. Xo provision was made for the sjjiritual
wants of otlier than the adhei-ents of the Church of
England, and how numerous these were nuiy be gath-
ered from the fact that, of the 756 convicts placed
on board the First Fleet, fully 300 were Roman
Catholics. It was by no means the fault of their

getting to Australia tlian \>ev ll..M."s ships, this
liardly seemed an unreasonable request. I'.iit Loi'd
Sydney thought that the educational and miir;d
needs would be served by the one Church of Eng-
land chajilain, apj>oint('(l at Wilhcrforce's instance.

A Famous Petition.

So l\(]iiuni Caliinlii-s wci-c cDiiipi'llcd to attcnil
Protestant ministrations, and they hni'c this, to tlicni,
added weight of punishment with fortitude, until,
towards the I'ud of 17S)l2. some of thdii [irotested in
their turn. Jt is a feather in the cai> of I'ai-ramatta
that it was settlers — free and convict — of this dis-

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

ti'ict that uryed upon Governor Phillip "the incon-
venience we find in not beinii' indnlued heretofore
with a pastor of oiu' relijiion." Recognising the im-
portance of poi>ulatii)n to the infant settlement, they
declared that "mithing else could induce us ever
to dejjart from His ilajesty's Colony here unless the

heljjcd themselves. The Government had indeed so
far yielded to the known wants of a large section of
the iidialiitants as to grant permission for "the
Roman Catholics to use the loft above the gaol in
Parramatta for the i)erformance of Divine service
on Sundays." That was in 1S27. The loft, which

Fathei* Kenyon.

Father Brennan.

Dean Coffey.

idea of going into eternity without the assistance of
a Catholic priest." The petition fell on deaf ears,
but a few years later, at the instance of Governor
King — who perhaps thus atoned for his eccentric
canonizing of his predecessors Phillip and Hunter —
the l>ritish Government authorised the employment
of three priests, transported for alleged complicity
in the '98 movement, as schoolmasters and as pastors
of their people in New South Wales. These priests
were : The Rev. James Harold, the first Roman Cath-
olic convict priest who lauded in Australia ; the Rev.
James Dixon, afterwards Prefect Apostolic of New
Holland — the first of the long and distinguished roll
constituting the Catholic Hierarchy of Australia ;
the Rev. Peter O'Neil. All three officiated in Parra-
matta as well as in Sydney, and the first mass was
said in Parramatta by Father Dixon on Mav 22nd,
1803.

One of the main difficulties experienced by the
Roman Catholics here was the absence of a fitting
place of worship. Thus, so late as 1820, we find
Father Therry writing to Governor Mac(iuarie, stat-
ing his intention of celebrating Divine service in the
town on the following Sunday, and asking him to
"order any apartment that may be unoccupied in
one of the Government stores to be appropriated for
the purpose on Sunday." To which the Governor
replied, through his secretary, IMr. F. J. Campbell, to
the etfect that there was no such apartment available
and that the stores were "fully occupied with grain
and animal food for the public service." No room,
therefore, for the supply of spiritual food.

The First Chapel.

In the circumstances the Catholics of Parramatta
did what they have continued to do ever since — they

was used at other times for the reception of prisoners
passing from one station to another, had hardly the
associations which are consonant with "the beauty
of holiness," and efforts were diligently made for
the building- of a chapel. The Rev. Daniel Power,

who succeeded Father Therry as "Roman Catholic
clergyman of this colony," was so enthusiastic in this
cause that in 1828 he petitioned Governor Darling
for a contribution, on the ground that "His Excel-

THE jriULEK HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

leney I'esided oceasioiiMlly in that town." Ilistoi-y
does not record whether or not this request was sne-
cessfiil. It deser\-ed to be any way. and one would
be glad to know that ilr. Power had succeeded in
his efforts before he passed away to his rest in 1830.
A few years later — in 1836 — we tind that the chapel
has been built — a chapel capable of holdins"' 500 per-
sons. It was under the charge of the Rev. (after-
wards Ueau) J. Sumner, who had been ordained that
year — the fir.st priest ordained in Australia. And
it was in the same year — St. Patrick's Day. 1836 —
that the foundation-stone of St. Patrick's Church
was laid by Bishop Polding. The occasion is memor-
able, for this was the first ceremony of the kind per-
formed in Australia.

It was not. however, until 1839 that St. Patrick's
Church — a stone building — was opened for Divine

Very Rev. Thomas O'Reilly, P.P..
Vicar Forane.

worship. It was then under the charge of the Rev.
Michael Brennan. who had also the oversight of nine
outlying stations and whn had at the mother chiu'ch
of his |)arish a weekly cDiigregation of between 400
and 500 persons. By ihis time the Sisters of Charity
had also began their beneficent work — work that
has gradually grown ti> a wonderful extent. And. in
this connection, it may l)e noted that Mother Francis
Xavier Williams, of the Holiart Convent, was the
first nun professed in Australia — the ceremony hav-
ing beeu performed in Parramatta by Archbishop
Polding.

The 1830 cluu-ch sufficed for the needs of flic
|)arishiouers for fifteen year.s — or. perhaps, tlie c iii-
gregation was not in a ];'Osition to erect a larger
edifice, ileanwliile. the work of the parish went on,
under various priests. There was the Rev. Nicholas
Joseph (afterwards Dean) Coffey, for ia.stance. who
took charge in 18-42, and of whom Dr. Houison tells
an amusing story in his informing paper. "Odd bits
in the History of Parramatta." read before the Aus-
tralian Historical Society five or six years ago. The
Dean died very suddenly. Aichi)riest Sheehy saw
him on the Saturday, when he seemed to lie in his
ordinary health — the next day he celebrated the
requiem mass over his remains.

The finest memorial to Dean Coft'ey is St. Patrick's
Church, which, as it stands to-day. was erected
during his pastorate in 1854. Since then it bas been
enlarged and inqjioved in various ways, a.-!, for
instance, in the addition of tower and spire, now
lu'arly 30 years ago. And all the time it has main-
tained luider successive parish priests — Dean Sum-
ner, Dean Ford, Dean Healy, Dean Riguey, and the
Very Rev. Thomas O'Reilly — its high standard as an
agency for good and an influence for the u|)lifting
of humanitv.

OUR LADY OF MERCY'S COLLEGE.

His Eminence the late Cardinal Morau. in Decem-
ber, 1888, estalilished here Sisters of ^lercy, from
Callan, Ireland, who took charge of St. Patrick's
Primary School for girls.

In January. 1889. a High School was commenced.
The attendance steadily increasing, additional
accommodation, including dormitories, etc., for
boarders, was provided, and in 1893 Our Lady of
Mercy's College was opened, with special depart-
ments for Literature, ^lathematics. Science, Arts,
Commercial and Iiulustrial classes.

Since the establishment of the College, pupils have
been prepared, year by year, for Public Examina-
tions, and have scored high marks at the Senior and
Junior University, and Public Service, niiu' pupils
gaining the distinction of Cniversity medallists, and
one obtaining a record pass of seven "A's," thus
qualifying for the "Fairfax."

In the Musical Exams., conducted each year by
Examiners of the Associated Board of the Royal
Academy and Royal College of ;\Iusic. London, the
results have been most brilliant. Amongst the suc-
cesses we may note the gaining of a Scholarship
entitlinii the winner to three years' tuition at the
Academy, London, si.x Licentiates' Degrees (L.A.B.),
nine medals of the Academy, which were competed
I'or li.\ all the candidates of the State, besides a va.st
iiuiiihiT of honors and passes each yeai- in every
grade. The result of the Examiiiat imis. held in Sep-
tember nf this year, deserve a s|)ecial mention. The
College presented thirty-six candidates, of whom
twentv-nine secured lioiuirs and seven high Passes,

THE JUlilLKE IILSTOUY OF PAKKAMATTA.

one candidatt' for Intennediate
(irade (Piano) gaining tlie
unique distinction of full marks
(150). whilst a candidate in
Senior (Violin) secured 146.
and one in the same grade
(Piano) 14:?. At various com-
petitions in Sydney, and those
held locally in connection with
the School of Arts. etc.. com-
petitors from the College have
carried off numerous prizes for
IMusie and Elocution, as well as
for Needlework. Painting, and
Drawing.

During the last few years
special facilities have heen of-
fered to students in the Com-
mercial Class, with the result

Convent High School, Villiers Street, Parramatta.

Convent of Our Lady of Mercy, Pennant Street, Parramatta.

that during the jiast two years
thirteen jiupils have obtained
positions, direct from the Col-
lege, iu leading Sydney firms.

Another feature of the pro-
gress of the College was the
fomiation some vears ago
of the "College Orchestra,"
wliicli. on innumerable occa-
sions, h.as a]>peared at jinblic
functions, and at all times re-
ceived the highest praise from
]H-ess ci'itics and others.

Tiu' Schools now ciUldurled
b,v the Sistei's of the Parra-
matta centre, in various parts
iif Sydney and Suburi)s, num-
l)er 17. and include High
Schools, Primary Schools, and
Oiiplianages. with an enrolment
of almost 3000 pupils iu actual
attendance.

ST. ANDREW'S.

Amongst the notable ministers who visited Parra-
matta before St. Andrew's was built, iu order to
atteiul to the spii'itual wants of their Presb.vterian
l)rethreu. were Dr. McGarvie and Dr. Lang, who
useil to come u[) from Sydney on Saturday and re-
turn on Monday. The congregation gaining in
strength and numbers, the Rev. James Allen was
appointed bj' the British Government resident minis-
ter in 18:17. and he condiu'ted services iu a little
building in Ross-street. Dui'ing i)art, of his six
.veai's' ministry h/' liad the assistance, tii-st. of the
Rev. Cunninghaiii Atchison ( 1S:?,S-1S4() ) , and. al'tcr-
wards, of the Rev. John Tait (1841-1850). It is on
record that Mr. Allen and Mr. Atchison — both ap-
pointed by the British Government — did not always

agree iu their methods ; and iu the etui the services
of each of them were placed at the disposal of other
congregations. When Mr. Allen retired thus. Mr.
Tait. who also owed his appointment to nomination
in the old country, was iu sole charge. It was during
Mr. Allen's ministry that a beginning was madi- with
the building of St. Andrew's Church, but difficulties
cropped up. not the least of them presumabl.y being
the Disruption of 184:?. That this important clevelop-
nu-nt was seriousl.v felt by Parramatta Presbyterians
is shown by the fact that the congregation divided.
Mr. Tait and tliose who, like liim. s.vmpathised with
the Free Church Party, withdrawing into a little
wooden cliurch at the corner of Phillip and Marsden
streets, which was built for them b.y Mr. Janu^s
Houisou (father of Dr. Andrew Houison. the well-
known archaeologist). The other mendjers of the

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAlMATTA.

uliurcli. ;is zealous iu their views as their Free ('hiireli
bretliren. ealled in the serviees of the Rev. James
Coutts (1849-1861). Before the close of his niiuistry
the dissensions had disappeared, and "Sir. Coutts and
the united congregation worshipped now in St.
Andrew's Church, which — from the outside — looks
to-day almost as it did when the builder. ]Mr. Thomas
Orr. had finished his work upon it. When 'Sir. Coutts
went to Newcastle in IStil the congregation sent a
successful call to the Rev. Thomas Craig, of Essen-
don, Victoria (1861-1865). His successor, the Rev. J.
B. Laughton (1865-1874) did much to advance the

iiig health for his delicate son. he obtained leave of
absence and took him on a trip to England and
America, iu the course of which he accejited a call
to a church in the United States. His resignation,
however, which seemed at the moment to be an irre-
parable blow, was really the prelude to the appoint-
ment of a man under whose guidance Parranuitta
Presbyterians reached the highest water-mark to
which it had. up to then, attained. This was the
Rev. J. \Y. luglis. a iireacher of great eloquence and
pi)wei-. a dee]) thinker, a sympathetic guide to the
young, a man who never discouraged the expression

St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Parramatta.

church's cause, not only by his own elo(iuence as a
preacher and force and vigor as a writer, but by his
happy faculty for gathering round him as co-workers
men of like earnestness and ability. When he retired
in the end of 1874 there was a difficulty in obtaining
the services of an available minister (lualitied to
maintain the high standard proverbially re(iuired of
Presbyterian divines. Eighteen months later such a
successor was found in the ])erson of the Rev. J. D.
Murray (1876-1889), whose faithful and acceptable
ministry was only ended when, in the hope of secur-

of honest doubt, but who was always able w^isely and
well to separate the false from the true. His death
(1893) at a time when he seemed to be in the zenith
of his intellectTial powers and equipjied to even en-
large the sphere of his beneficent intluenee, was a
serious loss to the higher life of the connnunity gener-
ally, as well as to the church over which he presided.

The Church To-day.

The present ministry began on the loth of Novem-
ber, 1893, when ]\Ir. John Paterson, a probationer of

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

the Free Church nf ScotLaod, was ordained and
inducted to the j)astaral church by the Presbytery of
tlie Hawkesbury. He is a native of Scotland, and
was educated at Glasgow University and the Free
Church College of that eity. During his long minis-
try many changes have been effected. In 1894 the
church was renovated, the dark cedar seats giving
I)lace to kauri pine, and the straight backs to sloping-
seat and back, thus at once giving brightness and
comfort. A gallery was also put in at the end of the
church, which not only improved the appearance of
the building, but also added sixt.y seats. Two years
later a handsomi' new manse was built on the glebe

land at the corner of Hunter anil ^tarsden streets.
In 1899 Mrs. Payten, of Deskford, gave £150 for the
building of a ludl which was urgently needed as a
class room for the infants attending the Sunday-
school, to be called the Payten ^Memorial Hall, in
memory of her late husband. Andrew Payten, who
was for many years an elder of the church and an
active worker in the Sunday-school. The committee
of management took advantage of the occasion to
enlarge the existing hall by extending it to the
boundary of the land. No sooner were these im-
provements paid for than further alterations were
resolved upon. It was determined to instal a pipe
organ at a cost of CiSO. aiul, as there was an urgent
demand for seating accommodatidii. the hack Avail
of the church was knocked down and the building
extended to the hall, thus pi'oviding room for the
organ and the choir. These and other alterations
involved an expenditure of over £800, which has all
been met, save a small sum boi'rowed without intei'-
est from the Church and ]\Ianse Loan Fund of the
Presbyteiian Chiiri'h, aiul repayable over a ])eriiiil nl'
ten years. The pipe organ was dedicated by the
Jlinister and opened by Miss Ilouison on the IStli

of November, 1909. The diamond .jubilee of the
Church and the jubilee of the building were cele-
brated by special services on October 15, 1899, and
by a monster tea meeting and public meeting in the
Town Hall on the 17th. The activities of the Church
are niunerous, including a Sunday-school, a Fellow-
ship Association, a number of Hible Classes conduct-
ed by the Minister and others, a literary and debating
society, a Women's JMissionary Association, and
Ladies' Association.

The elders are: Mr. Neil Stewart, J.P., Mr. D. D.
Henderson, J. P., Mr. J. Knox, Mr. J. Finlayson, Mr.
J. Rowe, and Mr. W. Morphett. The committee of
management : IMessrs. W. Cox, A. H. Davie, A. Hen-
derson, C. Miller, W. ]\Ie(ilashan, A. L. McCredie, J.
McKenzie. H. .Marcroft. -1. il. Ritchie, R. H. Mathews,
J.P., E. C. Murray, F. Ralph, with Mr. J. M. Ritchie
as treasurer, and ]\lr. J. McKenzie as secretary, ilr.
H. Marcroft is organist and choirmaster, and Mr. A.
HollidaA" chui'eh officer.

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

The first Protestant service conducted in Parra-
nuitta. excepting the Church of England services,
was conducted by a Congregational minister; and the
tii'st Pidtestant place of worship o[)ened. excepting
St. John's, was a ('ongregational chapel in the house
of i\Ir. John Shelley. The first Congregational minis-
ter was the Rev. Pascoe Crook, who held his tirst
service in 1810, and his ministrations were continued
l)y air. Ellis, the Rev. R. Ilassall (who was the
founder of Sunday-schools in Australia, he having
opened the Parrauuitta Church S\uiday-sehool in
lSi;r), and John Heir.

But, despite these early beginnings, tlie (.'oiigrega-
tiiumlists had no "cause," as expressed by a regular
church body and a separate church building, until
1870. Early in that year several earnest adherents
determined to supply this omission, and their eft'orts
culminated in a public meeting held in the School of
Arts on August 9 of that year. The next day,
Sunday, divine service was held in the same building,
the Rev. Thomas Roseby. P.. A., and the Rev. W.
Slatyer officiating. After devotional exercises and a
sermon, Mr. Charles Edgell read a "call" to the Rev.
Thomas Spencer Forsaith, inviting him to take the
oversight of the infant church. This document, pre-
served in the minute book, is signed by Charles
Edgell, Richard Trimmer, John Chantler, Joshua
Ardill, Henry ami Rebecca Clayfield, Jonathan
Ormes, Elizabeth Gates, Hugh Hughes, Noah and
Hannah Gazzard. Joseiih and Anna Pegier, Hannah
Bridge, John dialing, William and Sabina Fathers
and Elizabeth Cutler. The Rev. Mr. Forsaith, who
had resigned his pastorate at Point Piper Road and
had been working a couple of months already in
Parramatta, accepted the call and the church was
duly constituted. He was a man of notable gifts, and
not the least interesting point in his hi.story was that
he had been a member of the New Zealand House of
Representatives before the establishment of respoa-

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF TARRAIMATTA.

sible government, and was indeed a minister, though
without portfolio, in the executive council which
lianded over the control of affairs to the first I'epre-
sciitative cabinet. He was the only Australasian of
wlu)iii it could be said that he was Premier for a day;
(liat he assumed office and resigned it on patriotic
grounds only. This jiart of his story, which properly
belongs to his pre-Parramatta career, is merely men-
tioned as showing what kind of man the Congrega-
tionalists were fortunate enough to secure as their
first pastor. It was also to their advantage that he
was a man of independent uu'ans; and this enabled

]\ray 24, 1871, and about a year later service was
held in the handsome Gothic building which stands
on Alfred .S(iuare. The work — of which ]Mr. Thomas
Rowe, of Sydiu'y. was the architect, and ;\Ir. Peters,
of Parramatta, the builder — cost i;:i()ltll. and the
auKiunt owing on the opening. £12S1, had been paid
off in full by the middle of TSS5.

Mr. Forsaith's Successors.

Long before this, however, 'Sir. Forsaith had re-
signed his pastorate. On various occasions he had
expressed himself as discouraged and depressed by

Congregational Church, Parramatta.

him. iiDt only to contribute generously to tlu- build-
ing of the church and to other causes connected with
its interests, but to be "pasing rich" on a stipend
which ranged from £53 3s 9i,^d in 1871. to its high-
water mark. £158 17s 3d in 1873, thereafter steadily
decreasing. The meagreness of this pecuniary recog-
nition of his ser\'ice docs not seem to have affected
Mr. Forsaith in the slightest. Under his auspices,
and largely owing to his nwii lilici'ality and to his
iuHuence with wealthy nien here ami in Englaiul and
in New Zealand, the inendiers felt themselves in a
[)osition to purchase land and to set about the build-
ills': of a church. The foundation stone was laiil on

internal discords, which, indeed. Wduld seem to have
been caused nu>re by the zeal of individu:d members
of the snudl community than by anything like dis-
.satisfaction with the work of tluir whole-hearted
minister. AVhen his senior deacon — the diaconate
had been cstal)lished in 1S71. John Danbeiix ISrown
and Charles Edged having lieen elected — turned ad-
verse critic, and when at the sanu^ time he was offer-
ed the position of Principal of Canulen College, the
conjunction was too much for ^Ir. Forsaith. who
resigned early in 1877. He was succeeded next year
liy the Rev. Alfred Lloyd, who was :dso an earnest
and hard-working minister, but who had not the

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

political training which must have stood his prede-
cessor in such good stead at trying moments. Thus
in 1881 there was serious dissatisfaction, and, though
a motion expressing confidence in the minister was
carried by 25 votes to 7, the resignation of office by
Mr. Charles Edgell, the first member of the church,
and by Mr. Noah Gazzard, was a severe blow to Mr.
Lloyd, who preached his last sermon in May, 1882,
feeling himself, as he publicly announced, "utterly
deserted." That this feeling was due rather to the
sensitiveness of a man who, witlu)ut Ivnowing it, was
sick luito death — Mr. Lloyd died suddenly a few
months later — than to actual facts, is more than sug-
gested by the very kindly and friendly letters later
written by the officers of the church. His successor,

sension, which, unduly magnified, led to Mr. Wil-
liams' resignation. He must, however, have been
convinced of the high esteem in which his flock held
him, when, at a public meeting, presided over by the
Rev. T. S. Forsaith. ample evidence was furnished
that the Parramatta Congregationalists as a body
bade him farewell with great regret.

Recent Changes.

TTnder the temporary |)astoral oversight of the Rev.
J. U. Hennessy the Rev. ("harles Taylor accepted the
pastorate in 1887. Pi-ior to this, it should l)e noted,
the old public school building facing ilarket-street,
was purchased for Sunday-school purposes for £1600.
Mr. Taylor resigned the pastorate in 1892, and later

;/Xv/K^^^jutf,-

Parramatta School of Arts and the Manchester Unity Hall, Macquarie Street.

the Rev. W. West, had a short term of office, and
when he left his j)>dpit vacant on January 7, 1883,
the deacons took it as an intimation tliat he desired
to sever his connection with his people. Nor did
the Rev. ]\Iorgan Williams, B.A., renuiin very nuich
longer. He frankly wrote, in reply to the "call,"
that the smallness and the depressed state of the
church and congregation had made him hesitate be-
fore accepting the invitation ; but he did accejif it,
and these very eircumsfaiu'es decided him that he
would stipulate for no stipend. At the end of lu^xt
year, however, there was again some infernnl dis-

in tiu- same year the Kev. H. (iainford was appointed,
and he remaiiu^d in charge for four years. A eon-
siilerable interregnum ensued, during which the Rev.
J. 15einieft rendered nuicli service, and the Rev.
(ieoroe Cami)I)ell exercised oversisht. In April, 1897,
the Rev. R. F. Becher, B..\., Trin.'Coll., Camb,, minis-
ter of the Congregational Church at Bathurst, was
invited to the pastorate and began his ministry in
May. He emphasised in his preaching as salient
ideas of the Congregational churches, the supremacy
of the spirit over the letter. Controversy about the
selection of the canon he shuniunl as waste of time,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAIMATTA.

merely expressing thankfulness for the spiritual good
taste that kept in the Psalms, but sieved out Tobit,
and Bel and the Dragon. He thouglit a preacher
ought to study the writings of prophets and apostles,
not to find the last words to be said on any great
question, but as stimulating and suggestive, opening
out vistas to widespread landscapes of truth as yet
but partially explored. ]Mr. Becher taught that, as
all knowledge of what lies beyond the shadow is

December, 1897, the Rev. T. S. Forsaith, the founder
of the Church, died at Newlands. In April, 1902, the
Rev. R. F. Becher resigiied. and in tlie following
June Rev. R. Y. Austin accepted the i)astorate. His
promising career, however, was cut short by his
death in December, 1902. The Rev. W. J.' Grant
succeeded in July, 1903. and resigned in ]\Iarch, 1905.
Subsequently arrangements in connection with the
pastorate of the Church were handed over to the

Baptist Church, Parramatta.

imperfect (for even St. Paul only knew in part), a
very generous charity should l)e exercised towards
all who differ from us. Fnth-r sucli influences
friendly relationships were maintained with other
religious bodies in the liistoric borough, and united
action became possible in many directions: among
others religious instruction in the various public
schools by the members of the ^Ministers' A.ssacia-
tion, as well as the visitation of the numerous
inmates of State asylums. A commodious schonl-hall
at the rear of the Cluircli was completed in August.
1S99. at a cost of about £300. The plan of the
building, which was opened in 1900. emanated from
the present School Superintendent. .Mi-. J. Johns,
who gratuitously carried out the duties of architect,
and ^Ir. F. Allen those of clerk of works. In

Home ^Mission Board of the Congregational I'nicui. liy
wluim the Rev. A. Castleman ami the Rev. P.
Podmore were successively placed in charge for .short
periods. Finally, at the Board's suggestion, the Rev.
0. II. Purnell was called to the pastorate in April,
1908. He took charge at the beginning of July
following, and is still endeavouring to overtake the
pastoral work which had fallen into such arrears, so
to speak, during the preceding three years.

THE BAPTIST CHURCH.

Tliri-i' WMN (inly one Bapti.st Church in Australia in
1S,")II. and that was located in Bathurst-street. Syd-
ney. Obviously, individual Baptists throughout New

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Snntli Wales could not attend Divine service there,
and it was only a few of them outside Sydney who
could get to this church at all. These few. however,
had to put up with a lot of inconveniences, for. a.s
tliere was no railway communication, the journey
had to'he made by road or water. As a ct)nsequeuce,
Parranuitta Baptists joined the meml)ers of other

denominaliims uutil, their numbers growinj;'. they
formed little congregations at each other's houses
and bore as long as they could the inconvenience of
having no public place of worship. But this unsatis-
factory state of affairs approached its end when, in
1S5(), one William Hopkins Carey — one of a number
of young men destinetl for tlie ministry, l)rought lo
New South Wales l)y Dr. Lang — was set apart for
the Baptist work in Parramatta. He was only 20
at the time, but his efforts were so successful that tlu;
congregation soon outgrew the accommodation pro-
vided in the George-street house, just opposite tin-
present church, and a move had to be made to the
Courthouse, whilst a beginning was being nuidi? of
the building in which the Baptists of to-day hold
thei-r services. 'Ihe severance from the rnotlier
cliundi in Bathurst-street, Sydney, was made with all
due formality and the kindest of feelings ; and on
April 9, 1851, the Parramatta Church was formed
with the following members: — Samuel and Mary
Burge, John and Jane (!hantler, Vince and Sarah
Carr, Vince, jun., and Hannah Carr, Sarah A. Carr,
Hannah Nicholls, Mary A. Watts and William Hop-
kins Carey. P"'roiii these small beginnings sjjraug the
flourishing Baptist community of Parramatta. In
1851 Mr. Carey was ordained minister, ami it was
in the same year that the first applicants for mem-
bershi]! — Thomas Stapleton and Lucy A. Carr — were
baptized. The ])rogress of the infant church was
arrested by the death in 1852 of the Rev. W. H.
Carey, and during the two following years no suc-

cessor was appointed, ilinisters, however, regularly
officiated, and one of them, the Rev. C. Smith, accept-
ed a "call" to the pastorate in April. 18.")."). During
the next month, however, he went to Qiu-ensland,
and, on his position being declared vacant, the Rev.
Philip Lane took charge until the latter end of 1856.
Until they had a local habitation of their own, the
Primitive Methodists used to worship with the Bap-
tists; but, when their church in Macquarie-street was
built, they withdrew, and so it came to pass that the
Baptist services lapsed altogether, and for a num])er
of years the members of the denomination wor-
shipped in other churches. It so happened that a
cause of stumbling was afforded in one of these com-
munities, and the result was that in 1876 the Baptist
Church was re-opened as the home of a sejiarate
body. From that date there was no going back, and
the "Tabernacle," as it is now called, flourished
unch'r the successiv(- pastorates of the Rev, Robert
Williamson (1877-8(1), the Rev. John Straughen
(1882-1897). the Rev. J. C. :\lartin (1897-1900), and
Pastor James Worboys (1900-1911). It is interest-
ing to note that the two last-named are Australian-
born, and that Mr. Worl)o.vs is a native of Parra-
matta. The Rev. J. E. Leech was this year invited
to assiune the oversight of the church, and he entered
upon his ministry here in September, 1911.

THE METHODIST CHURCH.

By the Rev.^G. C. Percival.

A si)eeial interest attaches to the origin of
.Methodism in Parramatta. For one thing, it carries
us l)ack in thought Id the verv early da.vs of what
was then st.N'led ■"Colonial" life. One feels that
here, if an.vwhere at all in Australia, he is on historic
ground. Pai'raniatta flgures in the earliest nuive-
ments of Australian iMethodism. The first Methodist
missionary sent to Australia from England visited
the town soon after his appointment, and was among
the first few ministers appointed to the charge of the
local Methodist cause. The title of "Leigh
Memorial" lioriu' b,\' tlu- prin('i])al town church of
the denomination to-da.v, although not conferrinl
until some vears after its erection, has perpctuateil
the association of Parramatta Methodism with the
name of that honoured pioneer.

A second point of interest is that there are in
association with Parramatta Jlethodism to-day the
descendants of one of the two men to whose joint
efforts the Methodist Church as a whole owes its
earl.v introduction into Australia. There are also
locall.v resident to-da,y a (juite numerous group of
descendants of ministers and laymen prominent in
the developments of the later movements of the
Methodist cause in th(> old, historic town.

In these facts is fduiul justification for a l)rief
reference to the classic incidents l)ound up with the
inception of iMethodist activities in the mother State
just bordering on a hundred year.s ago.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

In one sense the honour of the initiation of Austra-
lian Methodism attaches to the name of Thomas
Bowden. "What is known as the "C'hiss ^Meeting"
is regarded by more orthodox ]\lethodists as consti-
tuting an essential factor of the denomination. In
their estimation the existence of a community of per-
sons possessing this organised means of Christian
fellowship would go a very long way towards meet-
ing the true idea of a Church. Consecjuently there
are some who think tliat the proper date for the cele-
bration of the Centeiniry of Australian ^Methodism
should be fixed for the year 1912. seeing that exactly
100 years previously, or on ]\Iarch (jth, 1812, ^Ir.

is now a classic document. It portrays in graphic
terms the spiritual destitution of the great bulk of
the 20.000 souls of which the population of the
"Colony" then consisted, and in jiowerful and pas-
sionate language i»leads for the ajjpointment of a
suitable agent, and jjromises the utmost in the way of
effort for his support.

Strange to say. it fell, for some time, apparently on
deaf ears. The British AYesleyan ]\lethotlist Confer-
ence, to which it was addressed, did not see its way
to honour the petition until three years later. Refer-
ence has already l)een made to the forthcoming
oliservance of the Centenarv of ilethodism in Aus-

Leigh Memorial Methodist Church and Macquarie Hall, Parramatta.

Thomas Bowden commenced the first Class IMeeting
ever held on Australian soil . That he did this within
five weeks of the date of his own arrival in Sydney
speaks much for the earnestness and decision of the
man. As the result of discussion among the little
company. IMr. Bowden three months later despatched
a letter to England asking for the appointment of a
minister to superintend, conserve, and extend the
work. This was followed shortly after by a more
officially worded "Appeal." in tlie framing of which
Mr. Bowden was associated with ilr. J. Ilosking, the
leader of a second Class. This memorable "Appeal"'

tralia. and to some divergent views as to its most
fitting date. The preponderance of opinion has
favored the year of the arrival of the first missionary,
in the year 1815. It was on tlie 10th of August of
that year that, after a tedious voyage of 1C3 days in
the sailing vessel, the "Hebe," the Rev. Samuel
Leigh arrived in Sydney. His first home was with
]Mr. Bowden, who remained in association with him
as a Class leader, and who was present with him at
llie first Quartei'ly IMeeting — as tlie nuarterly official
business court of the denomination is style:! — on the
14th dav of the following mouth.

THE JUBILEE History of parramatta.

How to Raise Funds.

In the t'durse of an aitirlc in a special .inpplcraent
of "The Argus," on Saturday, August 7ih, ].S;)7,
issued in eonnection with a h)eal eomnienidration of
the 75th anniversary of Parramatta ilethodisni, refcr-
<-nee is made to a detailed scheme initiated h_y Mr.

Rev. G. C. Percival.

Bowden and his little e()mpauy of Methodists, with a
view to providing- funds to aid in the support of the
Christian work they contemplated setting on foot.
It was really a part of their programme for fulfilling
their pledge to the British Conference to furnish
all the financial support in their power. Briefly, it
was a scheme of cattle-raising, really, from which
those pioneer Church financiers hoped to reap a
goodlj' harvest. The article cited remarked, "It
would be interesting to know the history of this
fund. Members of this Church have an admirable
knack of dealing with business, and we make no
doubt that the officials know exactly what the
'horned cattle' yielded, and what was done with the
money." I am happily in a position, after this lapse
of years, to at least partially answer this query.
Unfortunately the enterprise was destined not to
issue in success. The cattle either died, strayed, or
were stolen by one or other of the many who in those
days were ever ready to appropriate stragglei's, after
having, in many cases, induced their wanderings.
What might under favourable circumstances have
proved a really splendid entei'|>rise went early and
hopelessly to pieces.

It was not until the year 1820, five years after the
arrival of Mr. Leigh in Sydney, that Parramatta

l)ecame the head of a duly constituted "circuit." Its
first Superintendent minister was the Rev. Walter
Lawry. He was the second JMethodist minister to
arrive in Australia, having landed in 1818. An old
record says that "he must ever be regarded as the
fatlier of JMethodism in Parramatta." The organisa-
tion of its initial ('hur<'h life, the erection of its first
church building, and the creation of its first Sunday
School, were due to his initiative energy. Accord-
ing to the Rev. James Colwell's "History of Method-
ism in Australia" the first Methodist Church (the
term used then and for some years later was
"chapel") was built in 1821. and was opened on
Good Friday of that year. By that time two other
ministers had arrived, and the i)reachers at the open-
ing services were Revs. R. ^lansfield, at fl.:)0, Walter
Lawry, 2.80, and Benjamin Carvosso, 7. The site was
given by Governor Macquarie. A portion of the
pioneer structure still stands at the rear of Maccpiarie
Hall, in the street bearing the same historic name.
An old record says that in the following year there
was also a "chapel" at Kissing Point — now Ryde,
and itself the centre of a prosperous circuit. The
mention of Ryde recalls the fact of the gradual
siirinkage of the geographical area of the Parramatta
circuit with the nuirch of time and progress. Origin-
ally Windsor had a place within its bounds. Within
the memory of mid<ile-aged peo|.lc. Liverpool and

Rev. Joseph Walker.

Granville formed, with Ryde, a part of th(> Parra-
matta circuit.

Successive Minsters.

Itinerancy is a law of the Methodist Church. The
extreme limit of a minister's stay in a circuit is now

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

tive .VL'iir.s. Theu it was thi-ci-. and that brief period
was sometimes shortened by iueideiital exigences.
The successive terms of the Revs. H. Mansfield, G.
Krskine. B. Carvosso, S. Leigh, and .\. Turner cover
a record of more or less pioneering effort, until in
18)^1 a name appears that carries a familiar sound.
In tliat year the Rev. J. A. iManton took charge at
Parramatta. lie. lilce 'Sir. Lawry. was appointed,
after an interval, for a second term. A grandson
of the former (Mr. J. A. Manton, of Pitt-street, Par-
ramatta) is.to-day one of the Circuit Stewards, while
the latter is represented by his granddaughter. Mrs.
J. K. Manton. and family, all of whom are valued
memliers of the Church. To Mi-, ilanton belongs the
lionour of having been the prime niover in the estal)-
lishment 'of "The New South Wales Wesleyan Col-
legiate 'Institution," and also its first President. The
institiition 'came into being in 1863. It was located
at "Xewington House." on the southern bank of the
Parramatta River. It has its successor in the New-
ington College of to-day. at Stanmore. ]Mr. ]\lanton
was also the Secretary of tile first Australian Wes-
leyan Conference, whoch met in Sydney in 185.'). The
Revs. W. Schofield and W. Simpson succeeded him in
turn at Parramatta.

Another notable name appears in 18;:i6. That year
the Rev. U. J. Drajjer took cliarge. His tragic, yet
noble, death has passed into history. From the deck
of the ill-fated "Loudon" he preached to his drown-
ing fellow-passengers the only hope of the life
beyond. To his lot fell the honour of the erection of
the larger church, now known as Macquarie Hall.
Its dedication on Thursday. Iflth St'i)tember. 1839,
made a high day for Parramatta ^Methodists. Wor-
shipi'crs of to-day will smile at its description as
"chaste and elegant."" In the afternoon of the same
day was laid the foundation stone of Centenary
Church, on the north side of the water, named in
lionour (if the first century nf the existence of
]Methiidisin. The latter building was for many years
unused; but on the establishiiient of Methodist
Union, in 11102, its use for |)ublic worship was, after
extensive renovation, resumed. The period between
1840 and 1850 was covered by the appointments of
the Rev. John McKenny, E. Sweetman. W. Schofield,
T. Adams. B. Chapman. N. 'I'uiiier. II. II. Gaud, and
S. Ralione, with a second term by i\lr. Manton. By
this time the circuit claimed the services of two min-
isters instead of one ; and the Revs. T. Anguin. W.
(jurnow, and R. Amos were among those appointed
in association with the Superintendent in charge. It
was during this period that the recently renovated
and improved Macquarie-street parsonage was built;
also churches at Dundas and Dural (now in the
Dural circuit), Liverpool, and Hyde. Running
swiftly down the gamut of ministerial appointments
t(; April of this present year, we meet with the suc-
cessive names of Revs. C. W. Rigg, James Watkin, S.
Wilkinson. W. Hill, J. B. Waterhouse, J. Oram, G.
Martin, J. Clifton, H. W. T. Pincombe. C. Olden, M.
II. Parkinson, J. W. Winspear, P. J. Stephen, J. E.
Carruthers. R. Sellors, D.D., C. T. Newnuin, J. Wood-
house, and F. J. Branch. Ur. Sellors had previously

been appiiiiil I'd as seciind man; the Revs. W.
Kelynack. D.l).. \V. 11. George, and C. -I. i'rescott.
1\1.A., also held similar aiipointments. With the geo-
graphical diminution consequent on the furmiiig of
sej)arate circuits within the original area the system
of single appointments was reverted to, until the
adoption of Union in 1902. when the combining of
ex-Wesleyan and ex-Primitive ]\Iethodist interests
necessitated the dual stall This was during the
Wesleyan superintendency of Dr. Sellors, with whom
the Rev. John Penman (previously Primitive J\Ieth-
odist) became associated as colleague. Since then
the Revs. W. H. Howard and Joseph Walker have
successivelx- held the second appointment. Follow-
ing on the consummation of Pnion came the [>nrcliase
of the commodious ])ar.sonage in Churcli-street, Par-
ramatta Xorth, for the acciuiimodatioii of the second
minister.

The Rev. J. H. Fletcher succeeded the Rev. J. A.
Manton at Xewington College in 18()-1, and was. until
the removal of the institution to Stanmore, a familiar
figure in tlu^ Parramatta pulp'tt. He was in many
ways a man nf uniijue gifts.

The Leigh Memorial.

The elegant (iothic church in ^Macipiai'ie-street,
known as the Leigh ilemorial. was o[)eiied in 1883.
The initiatory steps for its erection were taken
during the superintendency of the Rev. John Clifton,
though tile opening took jilace in tlic term of his
successor, the Rev. H. W. T. Pincombe. Its cost of
over £7000 created a debt which for many years
severely hamjiered the operations of the Church,
aiuj is still a fairly severe burden ; but the congre-
gation has faced the situation with a patience, a
courage, and a success exemplary in the higliest
degree. A financial crusade instituted by ladies of
the congregation in 1890 at length evolved into the
now well-known institution of "Market Days." by
which means an average sum of well over .£200 a
year has been raised during the last 17 years. In-
deed, 'u one \'ear. 1889, the amount, including some
si)ecial donations, was £500.

The name of the late Rev. John Watsford is one of
the most wiilely and inost favourably K'nown in Aus-
tralasian Methodism. He was a boy in Parramatta,
and his father owed his conversion tn the instru-
mentality of Samuel Leigh. He was elected in 1878
to the liigh position of first President of the General
Conference, the supreme court of .Methodism for the
whole of Australasia. Several branches of the
Watsford family are a.ssociated with the Church
to-day.

Taking a necessarily brief survey of Church
workers, of the past more especially, the luiiiies of
Byrnes, Hunt. Howden, Smith, Booth. Sparks. Neale,
Sainty. Manton, with many others, occur' I'eadily to
miiul or- memory; while a bare list of all those of to-
day would occupy a far greater si)aee than is avail-
able.

In addition to the Rev. John Watsfoi-d. tlie Parra-
matta circuit has sent forward into the ministerial
ranks the late Revs. W. Moore and A, J. Webb, and

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

the Rev. R. Caldwell, all of whom gained the honour
of Coiiferenee Presidency; and among the younger
men the Revs. A. W. i^>urns and II. S. Howden, and
the late Rev. C J\Ic( 'lelland iiarker; while adding
but last year a student for the same saered office
in the person of Mr. John Wesley Booth.

United Methodism.

The Methodism of to-day throughout Australia is
made up of a fusion of the various branches of the
original Methodist stock represented within its
bounds. In Parramatta there were but two of these,
the second being represented by what was kno^\^l as
Primitive Methodists. Originally missioned from
Sydney, and housed for some few years in temporary

and also of the existence of the unused Centenary
(Jhurch, the building in Maecpiarie-street was sold,
the mendx'rs of its congregation joining with one or
other of the causes on either side of the river. The
result of the fusion of the two branches is seen to-day
in a strong and extensive circuit, composed of two
town and six country centres, with the chaplaincies
of five Government institutions. Four services are
conducted on nearly every Sunday by each of the
two ministers, in addition to some half dozen taken in
turn Iiy a large band of local preachers. There are
five Sunday Schools, of the parent one of which j\Ir.
Thomas Muston has continuously held the superin-
tendeney for over 20 years, having been associated
with it for over half a centnrv. Christian Endeavour

Parram.atta District School, Macquarie Street.

buildings, including a tent on the in)rth side of the
stream, the local Primitive Methodist cause at length
took l)older foi'm in the erection of the Church in
Maequarie-street, west of Church-street, during the
mini.stry of the Rev. Mr. Dash in 1878. Other minis-
ters of the denomination in Parramatta, in addition
to the Rev. J. Penman, already not<'d. were the Revs,
S. II;irt. J. Sharp. W. Sparling, J, Ashnu'ad (during
whose term a parsonage was liuilt in Western-road),
P. S. Young, R. S. Willis, Ilorberry, Masterman,
Smailes, and W. Pettinger. The late Rev. B. Kenny
also served two terms of four years each, at an
interval of P! years. Primitive Jlethodism also con-
tributed three country churches; those at Dundas,
Toongabbie, and Baulkham Hills South. In view of
its close proxindty to the Leigh Menmrial Church,

Societies and the remaining institutions of a vigm-ous
^lethodist circuit fill up a busy programme.

It bodes no discredit to any other similar agency
to say that the Leigh Memorial Church has for years
past possessed a choir of which any congregation
nnght be justly proud. Its present conductor is ilr.
R. McN. Ferguson, with IMr. W. Ridl(>y as organist.

Parranuitta Methodist circuit has, ail fold, a uolile
heritage to maintain; while a thriving and inipiii-lant
town and connnnnity invite and merit its best in con-
secrated and Chrisflike service.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

CHAPTER III.— DISTINGUISHED PARRAMATTANS.

' The pioneers of a country of a great undertaking are like the foundations of a great city -soon built over and

forgotten." -/->r. LanR.
'Lest we forget."— Rudy ard Kipling.

SAMUEL MARSDEN.

A GARDENER, a fariiKu-, a magistrate, and a
minister — was the way in which Marsdfen
descrilied himself in a letter to a friend in
England; placing his occupations in the order of
ascending dignity. "I consider it a duty for all,"
he added, "to take an active part," and "I can say
that I do not eat the bread of idleness."

And indeed the bitterest enemies of llarsden. wheu
he was alive, and his severest critics now that he has
long rested from his labors, will not care to deny
that he worked hard and tirelessly at whatever it
was given him to do. He was an ideal pioneer-
just the man fitted for his day and generation. He
was never idle. When he was not attending scrupu-
lously to the duties of his sacred office— and he per-
formed them diligently and earnestly at whatever
cost to himself — he was sitting in the magistrates'
court, or he was visiting the sick and the oppressed,
or he was devising means for the advancement of the
colony, or he was cultivating his garden or directing
work at his farm. At one time he was the only
minister of religion in the colony, and he regularly
held services every Sunday in Sydney and Parra-
matta. tramping the weary miles through the bush
when he could not get to his goal by horse or boat.
He certainly did not belong to the sentimental school
of divines. His was not the preaching that would
draw crowds of fa.shionable ladies to a church, and
he would have been as much out of place in Mayfair
as the Rev. Charles Honeyman would have been out
of jilace in the Parramatta of a century ago. He was
virile in his ecclesiastical policy as well as in every-
thing else he put his hand to ; practical above all
things ; teaching his people rather to do good in the
present than to weep over the past.

A Strong Man.

And virile he was. loo, in his observance of the
rules which he had delil)erately laid down for the
g^iidance of his life. Once he had made up his mind
on any given thing, nothing on earth would move
him from his determination — not l)landishnu'nts. or
menaces, or pimishmeut. He was not always careful
to avoid giving offence when he knew that offence
was meant to him. His was not the often praised,
but seldom practised, Christianity which consists in
turning the cheek to the smiter and presenting a
thief with additional plunder. Rather, he stood up
squarely to his opponent and always gave him — at
any rate he always tried to give him — as good as he
got. However much we may prftcnd to dfiirccate

such a bearing in a teacher of religion, the world
admires a good fighter, as it loves an ardent lover.
The persons he is fighting with do not admire him,
especially if they get the worst of the engagement —
and perhaps this may account for the harsh things
said of Marsden in his lifetime and repeated too
often since. Never did he do a mean or uiulerhand
thing; he fought fair and never hit below the belt.

Rev. Samuel Marsden.

Therr was no coiu-ealment. If. for instance, he
refuseil to sit on the bench with emancipist magis-
trates, he gave his particular reasons emphatically,
and he never pretended com]iiiance or friendship
when he meant the opposite. On iiiaiiy occasions
expediency showed him an easy way out of diffleid-
ties. and he could have pleasantly sauntered down
an easy jiath tlirongh life if he had cared to be less
uncom])romising to what he honestly believed to be
wrong. But that, to this sturdv Yorkshireman,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

would have beeu a betrayal of his trust; it would
have been the leader of the people in spiritual things
bowing down in the house of Rimmon. So he de-
clared his opposition boldly. "In the language of
Mr. Marsden," wrote Mr. Commissioner Bigge, in
his 1822 report, "there is observable the same
undaunted and inflexible spirit that he afterwards
displayed whenever an attempt was made to do
violence to his feelings, or to wound his character."
That was in reference to a particular affair, but it
may be taken as a just criticism of Samuel Marsden 's
career, once we remember that he was keener to
resent injury to his office than insult to his person,
and that he never spoke up more boldly than when
he was pleading in the interests of those committed
to his charge. Even his enemies recognised his
sterling virtues. Thus Governor Macquarie, who

moral principles." It was in opposition to this evil
power, and its evil accompaniment, in defence of the
rights of the people as against the encroachments of
officialdom, that Marsden fought, all his life, with
"undaunted nnd inflexibU' spirit."

Early Days.

Samuel JIarsden was eminently fitted by birth
and education for the work he had to do in the world.
Born at Ilorsforth, near Leeds, in 1764, he grew up
on his father's little farm, taking the active part the
sons of small farmers had to do — in those days at any
rate. He learned his A. B.C. in the village school,
and then he was sent to the Grammar School in Hull,
of which at that time Josepli ililner, the historian,
was headmaster. His achievement was so good that
he was selected by the EUand Society, an evangelical

St. John's Parsonage.
On page 32 will be found the parsonage as it was in Marsden's time. This picture shows it as it appeared when it was

known as "The Cedars." It was demolished in 1909.

disyiissed liim from the magistracy, had to admit thiit
Marsden's niaiiiier to him had been "constantly civil
and accommodating," and that nothing in it could
"provoke the Governor's warmth." And he goes on
to admit "Mr. Marsden's qualification, his activity
and unremitting vigilance as a magistrate, and, in
society, his cheerful disposition and willingness to
oblige." But soft words could no more move
Marsden from the right path tluiii could insult and
injury. "In every society," he writes to Bigge,
"power gives influence; the more absolute the
Governor's power the more corrupt the society, and
the greater influence he will command. No governor
can possess greater power than the Governor of New
Soixth Wales, and no societv can be nioi-c voicl nT

institution which busied itself in the higher educa-
tion of promising lads, and sent to St. John's College,
Cambridge. All through his boyhootl he had been
what was then called" serious-minded, "and when the
first chaplain of New South Wales, Richard Johnson,
sent to his friends in England for an assistant,
^larsden was invited by Wilberforce — to whom
Johnson owed his appointment — to take the position.
Marsden declined, lie wanted to graduate; he had
not thought of emigrating; lie was not yet ordained.
Finally, liowever. he accepted the offer — in ]7fl3 —
and made all preparations for departure. One of
these preparations was his marriage. He was nearly
30 years old. and imw lie was leaving his country on
a long and dangerous voyage to a land from which

THE JTTBILEE HISTORY OF TARRAMATTA.

he might never return ; the okl home ties must be
replaced by new ones. His wooing of liis wife is so
mueh a revehition of liimself that one may see the
real man in it — his weak points and his strength.

A Characteristic Love-letter.

The lady to whom lie offered his hand had been a
friend of his boyhooil. and his letter of proposal —
which surely de.serves a place in any uew collection
of "The Love-letters of Great Men" — begins with
thanks for some ' ' Scripture characters ' ' she had sent
him. Then he goes on: "Since my lot is now, seem-
ingly, cast, and God appears to be opening my way
to carry the (Jospel of His Son to distant Lands, the
time is come for me to la.v open my thoughts to you.
which have long been hid in my own Breast. I shall
venture to submit to your consideraticm the following
important Question (praying at the same time that
the Lord would enable you to answer it agreeable to
His own Will : and in such a way as may conduce to
your own happiness and mine). The Question is
this: Will you go along with me? If upon consider-

most affectionately"! Miss Fristran — that was the
lady's name — had the discernment to see the man's
true nature through this affectation of ascetic indif-
ference. Moreover, it was the fashion of the day,
and of the religious school to which ^larsden
belonged. ]\Inch in the same way — but even less
romantically — had Whitefield pioposed for his wife.
He really wanted a lady to look after his orphanage
— he hadn't the remotest idea of taking to himself
the woman he loved. "You need not be afraid," he
wrote to, let us hope, the thoroughly annoyed lady
whom he proposed to make ilrs. Whitefield; "you
need not be afraid to send me a refusal. f(n' I bless
God, if I know anything of my own heart. I am free
from that foolish passion the world calls love.'' Miss
Fristran knew Sanuiel ^larsden : she accepted his
proposal, and. during her long life, she enjoyed the
sincere and honest affection of a loving husband.

The Strenuous Life.

The work done by ^Marsdi'u at St. John's has been
detailed elsewhere, and there remains now to say

Parramatta in 1824.
Showing Old Government House on the extreme left, Mr. Marsden's Parsonage on the extreme right, and St. John's in the centre.

ing the sub.ject you can answer in the Affirmative
and sa\' : I am willing; then my heart (as far as it is
proper I should give it to the Creature) and all I
have are yours. I believe, if it be for my good and
His Glory, He will provide me with an Helpmate ;
and, if not. He will give me a ilind resigned to His
Will, I persuade myself I should be happy in the
En.joyment of you more than any other; yet I do not
wish to purchase my own Peace at the Expense of
your Comfort ; but only if you think you would be
happy. . . . Then I cheerfully offer you my Hand
and my Heart whenever you please. I remain, dear
Betsy, yours most affectionately, S. ^larsdeu,"

Was ever woman in this humor won? Love not
so much as mentioned I To be called a "Creature"!
To he told, almost in so many words, that if she
■wouldn't have him, somebody else would! "Yours

something almnt his sci-vices to the colony as a
farmer ami pasturalist. Ami. first, it should be
recorded in his honor, that, whilst other persons were
running (htwn New South Wales, ^Marsden did all he
I'oitld, not only to make the conditions of life better,
but also to convince his corresjiondents in pjiiglaiul
of the magnificent prospects in view. "I tliiiik this,
he wrote in one of his earlier letters, "one of the
finest countries in the world, and no people will be
happier in a short time." Never one to fold his
hands and wait for the good time coming, he did
his level best to help forward the fulfilment of his
])ropliecy. As we have seen he ate of the fruits
of his own hand, and in his own person proved the
truth of his statement, frequently repeated, that "the
country must become great from the richness of the
soil and the healthiness of its climate." We read

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAIMATTA.

that liL' di-(ivo a French visitor in "a very elegant
cabriolet" (probably a gifi) along "a very pretty
road." When they arrived at their destination,
Marsden's tarni, some seven or eight miles from
Parramatta. they inspected his horses and sheep and
cattle; they admired the large and well-constructed
buildings; they wandered through a garden already
containing most of the fruit-bearing trees of I]urope.
with vegetables of all kinds. That was in 1802 — yet.
eight years before, the place was mere bush, covered
with what other visitors — from England these — des-
cribed as "prodigious forests." It was the King
of lirohdingiuig who "gave it as his opinion that
whoever could nud-ce two ears of corn, or two blades
of grass, to grow upon a spot of ground where only
one grew before, would deserve better of maidviiid.
and do more essential service to his country than the
whole race of politicians put together." How, then,
did Marsden and his fellmv-pioneers deserve of their

nothingness liy the whirling wings of Time. "The
apostle of New South Wales," he has been called by
his admirers, and "the apo.stle of New Zealand." He
was also the Prophet of Hard Work and Public
Spirit. The tablet to his memory in old St. John's
sums the whole matter up succinctly ami truly —
"Died May 12, A.D.. 1838, aged 75 years, after an
active life spent in preaching the (iospel, and in
promoting the welfare of his fellow-creatures."

JOHN MACARTHUR.

There was not nuich love lost between Samuel
Marsden. "the Apostle of New South Wales." and
John ilacarthiu-. ■'the Father of the Colony." 15oth
masterful men, neither could tolerate an e(|ual. let
alone a superior; and whenever the objects of one
clashed with the interests of the othei'. there was

Parramatta in 1911,
This photograph was taken from about the same spot as the sketch on the opposite fage.

country — they who made ears of corn grow where
none had grown before, who turned a wilderness
into friiitful pastures? Or, again, no less an
authority than Zoroaster has it that "he who sows
the ground with care and diligence acipiires a greater
stock of religious merit than he could gain by the
repetition of 10,000 prayers." ^tarsden did not
devote himself to the acipiisition of religious merit.
He did his duty faithfully as the chaplain of the
connnunity, but, remembering that the community
had to make its way, he took up more than his share
of the burden and carried it right manfully. He
brought intelligence into the field as his ally : and
the part he bore in the improvement of wool — still
the staple commodity of New South Wales — will be
remembered to his credit long after the storms which
beat round his devoted head have been scattei-ed to

bound to be trouble. As a matter of tact, however,
there was plenty of room for both of them, and,
probably, there would have been no collision if the
layman had only recognised that the "turbulent
priest" was perfectly justitied in insisting on the
necessity for clecent respect at any rate being paid by
the officers of the Government to the religion sub-
sidised by the Government. But we may let tho.se
quarrels pass.

Macarthur made his first appearance in Parra-
matta when, ill his 24th year, he arrived in 1791 to
take possession as Lieutenant, under Captain Nepean,
of the new barracks. He was accompanied by his
wife, afterwai'tis godmother of the famous "Eliza-
beth Farm," anil their two-.vear old son. afterwards
Lieutenant-(!eiu'ral Sir Edward Jlacarthur, K.C.B.,
and Lieutenant Governor of Victoria (1S5G). It is

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

not without interest to note tliat another sou. Jauu's.
a Parrauiattan by birth, was also offered a knight-
liood — the tirst Australian. i)robal)ly. who declined
the houor.

The Wool Industry.

After a short period of service at headquarters
in S.vdney. ilacarthur came back to Parramatta, in
179-4. as commandant — and to la.y, on his grant of
200 acres near by. Elizabeth P'arm. the foundations
of the Austi-aliau iiastoral industr.v. Experts have
decided, after much debate, that to him is und(nibt-
edl.v d>ie the honor of being the father of the wool-
trade, whilst due credit is also paid to the elforts of

John Macartliur.

"William Cox. Robert Hassall, and Samuel IMarsden —
all names well known in these parts. After having;
secured as good results as he could b.v the crossing
of hair-l)earing ewes with sheep of English breed.
Maearthur decided on importing merinos, and this
he happily accomplished in 1797 by the aid of Cap-
tain Waterhouse and Captain Kent, who happened
to be at Table Hay when some pure merinos of
Spanish breed were sold at auction. Of course
everytliing was not nearly done wlu'u .Maearthur
bought some of these precious sheej) ; and. indeed,
nearly a geiu-ration later, he admitted that most of
the New South Wales wool was too coarse to export
and that the methods of breeding adopted were not

of the best. ^leauwhile. however, he had been doing
his best to further the industr.v. and in 1803 — a time,
be it remembered, when a trip to Europe was more
of an expedition than of the pleasant holida.v vo.vage
it now is — we tind him giving evidence before a
committee in London on the nature, value and pros-
pects of Australian wool. He was able to produce
samples of wool grown on Elizabeth Farm, and he so
imjiressed the official world with his statements that
Lord Camden, the Seeretarv of State, who then
administered Colonial affairs, offered him 10.000
acres of land in New South Wales for the pui'pose of
establishing the industry on a proper basis. Lord
Camden, be it observed, was not actuated in this
geuerosit.v by an.v particular desire to advance the
interests of Australia. At the time, and for another
dozen vears. England was the main ram]iart against
Napoleon's encrt)achments on the liberties of Europe,
and her great enem.v. anumgst other devices for
crippling her powei'. had set himself to oppose the
importation of the best wool into England. Here,
then, was a chance to be independent of the good
will of Spain, then practicall.v owned bv France;
and it was mainly with the ob.iect of making this
chance good, that Lord Camden took action. How-
ever that ma.v be. ^lacarthur selected his 10.000 acres,
and it is not to be wondered at that he chose "The
Cowpastnres" on the Nepean — so called because the
cattle that stra.ved awa.v from S.vdne.v in the first
year of the historv of New South Wales had with
an unerring instinct strayed to this land and settled
there, ^lacarthur christened the grant "Camden."
in honor of the Seeretarv of State, and. a couple of
.vears later, he sailed back to S.vdne.v in a ship which
he ajipropriatel.v called the "Argo, " bringing with
him some valuable merinos from George Hi's flock.

The Deposition of Bligh.

Ever.vthing went along ([uietl.N' and well until
Governor Bligh succeeded Governor King (1806). It
is not necessarv to go into the question of the rights
and wrongs of the famous Bligli-]\Iacarthur quarrel,
which ended in the deposition of the Governor
(1808), in the cashiering of Colonel Johnston, the
officer who actuall.v deposed Bligh (1811). and in
the practical banishment of Maearthur (1808-1817).
Suffice it to say that Maearthur. ai)i)rehended on
warrant as the result of an alleged breach of port
regulations, objected, Avhen he was brought before
the Court, to be tried b.v the Judge Advocate
(Atkins) ; that his ob,iection was sustained b.v the
officers constituting the (!ourt : that, whilst Maear-
thur was remanded to prison. Bligh took measures
calculated to intimidate these officers; and that then
Johnston deposed Bligh, released jMacarthiu*. and
conducted the government of the country with his
a.ssistance. What concerns this narrative is that the
extraordinarv affair — which now reads like a scene
in a comic opera, luit which was then serious enough
— meant the al)sence of iMacarthur for some nine
.years from the colony, at a time when his enthusiasm
and knowledge and ability would have been invalu-
able in pushing forward the pastoral industry. To

TliE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

be sure, he oecnpied himself usefully enough in
Europe, examiniu^' into the best means for the culti-
vation of vines and olives and so forth; and tlie
experience thus gained was not without its benefit
to New South Wales later. On Kligh's death in
1817, Macarthur was allowed to return to the colony
without making the admission of wrong-doing which
had been required of him. and which he stubbornly
refused, on the ground that the deposition of the
Governor was a meritorious and necessary act.
Henceforth he devoted himself quietly and assiduous-
ly to the advancement of the wool industry and to
the cultivation of his vines at Camden. In 1825 he
became a member of the Legislative Council, but the
stormy period of his life was over, and nine years
later he died.

GEORGE FAIRFOWL MACARTHUR.

So far at least as those who luive passed away are
concerned, the greatest man who first saw the light
in Parramatta is George Fairfowl Macarthur. The
influence which, more than half a century ago, he
began to exercise over the minds of the Australians
fortunate enough to cuuu' within its range, exists
to-day; and it will continue to exist so long as any
one of those Australians survive. Nay more, it will
never really die. The boys whom ^Macarthur trained
for the battle of life, actuated themselves by the high
principles of life and thought and action which he
inculcated, hand them down in their turn to their
sons. The great institution, of which Macarthur was
one of the first boys, and of which he lived to be the
second founder, could not. if it would, abandon these
principles, and yet be what he ainunl at making it —
solidly, tirelessly devoted to the realization of the
highest ideal of practical education : a healthy mind
infoiTning a healthy body ; all the faculties trained
to the strengthening of character, to the building-up
of that noblest of all works — a complete gentleman.

George Fairfowl was the son of a iium of consider-
able note in his day — Hannibid Hawkins Macarthur
(1788-1861), a ne()hew of the great .lohn. For some
years he was police magistrate at Parramatta and a
member of the Legislative Council. When respon-
sible Government was established in 1843 he was
elected the first member for Parramatta. Long
before this — in 181"2 — he had married Maria, daugh-
ter of Governor King, and George Fairfowl was an
offspring of this union.

Beginning His Life-work.

One of the first pupils at Th(> King's School, G. F.
Macarthur si)ent nine years here uiuler the ferule of
the Rev. Robert Forrest, and. when this first head-
master retired and devoted himself to clerical work,
he was one of the boys who followed him to Camp-
belltown, where he remained — in company with the
youths mentioned elsewhere in this History — for
some eighteen months. After that, he was taken in
hand privately by Dr. Woods and the Rev. James
Walker — and that was all the training he received

for the great work he was to do. Ordained in 1818,
when he had reached the canonical age, Macarthur
was successively curate of St. James', Sydney,
Governor's chaplain, locum tenens at Trinity,
Sydney (ISoO-l), and incumhent of St. Clark's,
Alexandria. Here his health broke down and he had
to retire from the ministerial work that he loved.
And. shortly afterwards, when he believed that his
life-work was done, his real life-work began. In
1856 he opened a grammar-school in IMacquarie
Fields, and before long men began to recognise that
in this delicate clergyman, who had not en.ioyed the
advantages of University training, was endjodied one

Geofge Fairfowl Macarthur.

of the rarest and most blessed of phenonu^na — a born
schoolmaster. His boys did well, atul gradually the
attention of our little world — smaller then, even,
than it is now — was focussed on the doings of a man
who turned out boys of the right stamp, as if out
of a machine. The King's School was then in
troubled waters. Its headmaster was an English
ITniversity man of high attainments; but. somehow
or another, he failed to impai't his undoubted know-
ledge. Hard by there was the Australian school-
master — by no means the scholar that Mr. Armitage
was; yet, his efforts were successful, whilst those of
the other man were not. Could the services of this
man be secured, by hap])y chance or clever device,
for the Oldest Grammar School in Australia? Hard

THE jrmLEE history of parramatta.

times pressed mi The King's Sehool and .Mr. ^laear-
tliur was invited more than once to accept the head-
mastership, ^lore than onee he refused — but at
last he accepted the call, and iu 1869 The King's
School, renovated and ini|)roved in various ways, was
re-opened under the auspices of the tii'st Old Boy
who had won his way by signal merit to the highest
position in his alma mater.

A Great Headmaster.

The work that ^lacarthur ditl durin;:- his term of
office (186!)-]8S6i has never lieen properly recorded.

set about building. But supn-mely great school-
masters — Arnold, of Rugby, fur instance, and Macar-
thur. of Parramatta — should live, not only in the
lives of tlii'ir lioys or in the concrete shape of the
buildings which they established or for which they
prejiaretl; they should live in literature. What Stan-
ley did for Arnold, some old King's School boy
should do for Macarthur.

Wearied at last in his long tight against constitu-
tional weakness, ilaearthur had to resign the head-
mastership of The King's School, and he survived
liis retirement but four years.

Centennial Fountain and St. John's Park, Parramatta.

Probalily it never will be. seeing that the inheritors
of his well-earned fame keep jealously to themselves
such documents — if any exi.st — as would shed light
on the inside, as it were, of the great .schoolmaster's
character and method, his achievements and his fail-
ures, his high ideals and his attempts to attain them.
So to us and to our descendants, liorn in a later age.
Macarthin- nuist perforce remain the shadow of a
great name. Even so. his memory is crowned with
laurels. The Jlacquarie Fields boys. The King's
School boys of his beneficent term in Parramatta —
so long as they live the memory of Macarthur will
never die. His influence, as we have seen, will live
long after they also have passed into the shades. It
is not that any definite memorial is recjuired of
Macarthur. That is to be foiuid in the resuscitated
School and in the Chapel which he was the first to

THE REV. W. B. CLARKE. AND THE
REV. W. WOOLLS.

AlK)Ut forty years ago some remarkable portraits
ai)peared in the "Sydney JIail." and the attached
letterpress led the intelligent public to 1)elieve that
they were meant to represent the Rev. W. B. Clarke
and the Rev. Dr. Woolls. It was 1878. the year in
which Dr. Woolls. then o!) years old. had taken holy
orders; and probably it was his mature years and
his sacred j)rofession that enabled him to bear the
infliction with fortitude. But neither age nor his
sacred calling could I'estrain Clarke's iiuliguatioji.
Vin- all his To years in the world, and his half century
in the ministry, the pictures moved him to the poet's
fine frenzy, and under the title "A Condoling

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PAHRAMATTA.

Naturalist" he dropped into verses, now
possession of Dr. Ilouison. They began :

Believed of work and tired of seliools
Behold tlie effigy of WooUs!

Yet is the satire uot so dark
As is the caricature of Clarke:

He, to a wonder-seeking stranger
Appears to be the last bushranger.

the

Is there no law to hang a Scott

For making faces that are not?
For twisting eye-brows out of place.

And altering an honest face?

In like [jlayful mood does Dr. Woolls make fun
of tliese pictures, which, for all present deponent
knoweth to the contrary, may have been capital
likenesses. Dr. Woolls' verses end:

Oh! rather let me live and die

As Nature made with nose and eye,

AVith hone:-it look and decent face,
To neither parent a disgrace:

Content, amidst mine own to dwell,
Xor wish to be a Svdnev swell.

Given from the hand of AVilliam Woolls
For those who scorn ai-tistie rules.

Prom which gems of purest ray serene the hurried
reader, who has no time to delve into some of the
poetry which delighted our grandfathers, may,
amongst other things, learn to bear with resignation
the statement that the present editor has firmly
decided not to publish here either ]\Ir. Clarke's
"Lays of Leisure" — a collection of poems which he
contributed to English i)eriodicals of a century ago,
— or Dr. Woolls' poem on Winchester, or his "The
Country." or even the poem which attracted Arch-
deacon Broughton's attention and procured for its
gifted author a recommendation to the first Head-
master of The King's School. This last named pro-
duction lies before me now. Its title page reads:
"The Voyage: A floral Poem. Written during, and
descriptive of, a ^'oyage from England to New South
Wales. — 'Nos patriae tines, et dulcia liii(|iiimus arva;
Mos patriam fugimus.' Sydney: Prinled by St(>phens
and Stokes, King-street. 18:51^."* 'i'hi' "humble
effusion'' — that's what the unnamed author calls it.
writing from Parramatta — is dedicated to "John
Davis. Esq.. author of 'The Port Cajitaiu,' 'The
American Mariners." 'The Life of Chattertou.' etc.,
etc., etc." John Davis, alas! is not known to this fro-
ward generation, and the three works which Dr.
Woolls claims to "have ever perused with the
mingled feelings of respect and admiration" are not
to be distinguished in these careless and forgetful
da.vs from the "etc., etc., etc." I am glad, however,
to be able to rescue one verse of Mv. Davis's from
the gulf of oblivion. It is the last of the four in
which the gifted poet liade farewell to the daring
emigrant, and staggers: —

[*It is uot without interest to note in passing tliat these
printers, in partnership with William McGarvie, liad on April
ISth of the previous year, issued the first number of tlio
"Sydney Herald," which, the imprint stated, was " edited,
printed and [lublislicd " by them as "sole proiirietors. " Only
they issued tlieir paper from Redman's Court, Ueorge-street
■ — not from King-street.]

Boy! let the liquid ruby flow,

It idle were to weeji;
A toast the youtliful Bard I owe —

"Smooth be the awful deep!''

There are only five cantos in "The Voyage." each
preceded by an Argument and all followed by
copious notes. Still the temptation to let 'iOth
century Australians peruse them with respect and
admiration uuist be sternlj- resisted.

Happily, it is for their works we know Claike and
Woolls — not by their poems: Clarke, to whom we
owe it that the study of geology was introduced into
and zealously pursiu'd in Australia; Woolls. who. in
con.iunction with Walker of The King's School, and
Von ilueller of Sonth Australia and Victoria, did
for the botany of Au.stralia what his friend did for
its geology.

An Eminent Geologist.

William Tiranthwaite Clarke was l)orn in SutTolk.
June -. 17I)S. ami took his degree at Cambridge in
1821, sitting at the feet of Sedgwick and another
Clarke, so far as regartls the science of which he was

to be the first teariicr in Australia. Ordained deacon
in 1821, and priest three years later, he did not
engage in the regular discharge of the duties of his
profession until 18:^8. when he was given a college
living in Dorsetshire, which he held foi" si.x years.
He inainly devoted himself during the period 1821-
1833 to the cultivation of his special gifts, by
research, study anil tra\cl throughout the ruite(l

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF TARRAMATTA.

Kingdom and on the Continent. When — mainly on
the score of failing health — he left England foi- New
Soutli Wales in IS'49, his name was already well and
favorably known in scientific circles. In another
part of this History Clarke's connection with The
King's School has been noted; bnt, though his work
here was good and capitally done, it is of course as
a geologist, not as a schoolmaster, that he made his
mark in Australia. Ten or eleven years before the
discovery of gold, he had shown irrefutably, from
geological and mineralogical data, that the precious
metal was to be found in New South Wales ; and,
even without visiting the spot, he knew from the
facts furnished to him that there must be gold in
Bathurst. He championed the merits of New South
Wales carl)oniferous fornuitions as against the criti-
cisms of our Victorian brethren, who were at the
time engaged in laying out their nice cabbage garden
and rather sniffed at the untidy coal measures of
the senior colony. He found gold in 1841 in the
Macquarie Valleys and near the Vale of Clwydd, and
three years later he exhibited his finds to represen-
tative citizens. In 1S47 he recorded it as the result
of his exploration that "New South Wales will
probaldy. on some future day, be fomid wonderfully
rich in metals.'' Not that he regarded this as alto-
gether desirable, so far at least as gold was
concerned. "It is well known," he wrote in Janiiary,
1849. to a country newspaper, "that a gold mine is
certain ruin to the first workers; and in the long
run, gold washing will be found more suitable for
slaves than British free men." A sermon might be
written on tliis text — but not here. The wise reflec-
tion did not. however, nuieh impress the then ])ublic.
Tlie very next month news came that gold liad
"broken out" in California, and by June some liOO
of the scanty population of New Soutli Wales had
gone to swell the gi'eat army of potential millionaires
and certain wrecks.

Meanwhile jMr. Clarke, having resigned his posi-
tion at The King's School, was appointed succes-
sively to the living ti\' Campbelltown and St.
Thomas', Willoughby. This last post he resigned iu
1870, after 24 years' faithful and valued service. He
survived his retirement until 1878, when he died a
few ilays after his 80th birtlulay. Honors were not
an ol)ject of ambition to him. but he apju'eeiated the
great distinction of F.R.S. Nor has he been without
honor in the adopted country which he served so
well. He was Vice-President of the Roval Societj'
of New South Wales from 1866-1878, and the grate-
ful institution has established a Clarke medal in his
memoi-y. which is highly esteemed by the scientific
gentlenu^n to wliom from time to time it has lieen
awarded.

Botanist and Schoolmaster.

William Woolls, a native of Winclu'ster, Eng., was
only 17 years of age when he was hailecl as a
"youthful Bard" by Mr. Davis, on the occasion of
his undertaking the vovage which he described in
the poem to which sympatlu'tic reference has been
made. For some foui- veai's lu^ was assistant master

at The King's School, and later he became classical
master at Sydney College under W. T. Cape. During
both these periods, and afterwards when he ran a
school of his own in Parranuitta, he contributed fre-

tpiently to the press, especially devoting liis attention
to the botany of Australia. Following upon his
"Contribution to the Flora of Australia" came his
"Introduced Plants" — a paper read by him before
the Cundierland ^Mutual Improvement Society at
Pari-amatta, of which be was President — and it was
this work which gained for him llie distinction of
Fellow of the Liinuiean Society. A greater honor
was deservedly conferred upon his "Species Plan-
tarum Parramattensium," which moved the Fniver-
sity of Gottingen to confer u])on liim the honorary
degrees of Doctor of Philosophy and Master of the
Liberal Arts. Amongst other works of his may be
mentioned "The Wonders of Australian Vegeta-
tion," "The Variations of Species considered in
reference to the Variations of Language," and the
"Life and Character of the Rev. Samuel ]\Iarsden."
This last mentioned public.-il ion was written with a
view to raising funds for the building of All Saints',
Parramatta. in memory of the second Chaplan. Dr.
Woolls enjoyed oMarsden's personal friendship, and
he had indeed been fre(piently urged l)y him to take
holy orders. This step, however, he did not take
until 1873, when he was a])poiuted to the incumbency
of Richmond. As a schoolmaster. Dr. Woolls was
highly valued by his colleagues, as well as by his
pupils and their parents; as a clergyman, he per-
formed the duties of his sacred office with zeal and
distinction ; his work as a botanist will be remem-
bered so hnig as regard is had to the i>ainful and
incessant labors of pioneers in science. He died at
Richmond, where he had been rural dean,

THE JTTBTLEE HISTORY OF TARE AM ATT A.

CHARLES LUIS RUMKER AND JAMES
DUNLOP.

As the boat was leisurely tiiuliiig out its way from
Parrainatta to Sydney one tine niorniny, somewhere
about a century ago, the attention of the respectable
passengers — everybody was "respectable" in those
days who wore a tall hat and was not an Emancipist
— was drawn to an unseemly wrangle on the deck.
People were as curious then as they are now, and
there was a mild, but respectable, rush to the scene
of conflict. Wliat was the horror of evervbodv to

and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but as
a guarantee of good faith, if any awkward questions
should be asked at the double inquest. The reporter
then gracefully withdrew, l)eing naturally unwilling
to interpose between two Itellicose gentlemen — not on
his own account, but in the interests of the public,
which always wants a fair run for its money. Verbal
hostilities were thereupon resumed, but when matters
threatened to become really exciting, the absurd
captain of the ship interfered and forcibly establish-
ed peace. Then it gradually leaked out that Mr.
Clarke had merely ventured on an observation which
he supposed to be humorous, not reckoning that

The Soldiers' Memorial, Parramatia Park.
Showing also the Round House and on the extreme left, where the Obelisks stand — Ihe site of the Ob£er*\atory erected by Governor Brisbane.

in which Fumker and Dunlop worked.

find that violent language was being used by two
respectable persons, and that one of these two gentle-
men was habited in the out-door garb of a minister
of tile Church of fingland. No ! it could not be ! — but
it was. the Rev. W. B. Clarke, master of The King's
School, one of the most eminent geologists of his
day. And the other gentleman ? Why. it was Mr.
James Dunlop. the astronomer. The reporter who
was present — there was always a reporter present in
those day.s — rushed forward and separated the com-
batants, who thoughtfully ceased hostilities until the
representative of the press h;id taken their names

astronomers regard all observations as strictly be-
longing to their province, and tliat .Mr. Dunlop was
one of the few Scots who have to i)e wakened up at
night in order that they may laugh at an imported
joke over which brilliant Eiiglislimen and Irishmen
and Welshmen have split their sides a week before.
It was just after ilr. Dunlop had announced that
he had catalogued 7385 stars, and IMr. Clarke was
injudicious enough to inquire whether or not Mr.
Dunlop had seen the stars double. Upon this Mr.
Dunlop intimated his intention of throwing the other
ueiitlcmaii into the river, and it was in order to pre-

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF TARRAMATTA.

vent the accomplishment nf this threat that Captain
Spoilsport — his other name has not come down to us
- — interposed liis authority and his arm.

It is pleasant and re-assuring — isn't it? — to find
that these great men of the day were human. It
brings them a bit nearer to ns ; makes them less like
names in a book and more like the men we meet in
the street every day of our lives : more like our repre-
sentatives in Parliament, for instance. Dunlop was
very human.

Little Differences.

So was Rumker, of whom we have not yet treated.
Rumker's son candidly admits that "in early life
his father was apt to take offence and see slights

engaged to look after them had personal equations to
consider.

Ilis son describes Rumker for us: "Of middle
stature," he writes, "and slender form, but of great
personal strength. His features were sharply cut,
and you could see the constant workings of his mind
playing upon them. His eyes were of a clear blue
and wonderfully piercing. His hair was .iet black
and long and waving, and maintained its color up to
his death. . . . He was possessed of indomitable
energy, shrinking from no task, and, by nature,
generous to excess and of childlike sympathy. Ho
was, though quick-tempered, an excellent teacher,
and possessed astonishing patience." So far so

United Friendly Societies' Medical and Dispensing Institute, George Street, Parramatta.

where nothing of the kind was intended, in which
case his temper sometimes got the better of him."
And one can see from the little anecdote we have
fi.shed up from the "Cumberland Argus" of the day
— or its predecessor — that his assistant was .iust as
pugnacious. For a nuschievous fate nuu1e Charles
Luis Rundier Astronomer Royal of Australia, and
James Dunlop his assistant. That was in 1821, and
the mischievous fate in question was Governor Sir
Thonuis Brisbane. The good (iovernor thought only
of his beloved, but elusive, stars; the gentlemen he

good: hut when one knows that the cxiTllrnt teacher
luis fought a couple of duels and is (luick-teiupered,
one is apt to pau.se a while over Ihe "astonishing
patience." Any way, Rumker (luarrelled with Gov-
ernor Brisbane, under whose auspices he came to
Parrauudta in 1821. in order to administer the obser-
vatory which the Govenu)r was erecting at his own
exi)ense. This led to his resignation in 1823. and to
his retirement to his freehold, which he called "New
Ilargard." after his birthplace in ]\Iecklcn1)urg.
Governor Brisbane returned to England in 1826,

TFtE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

leaviiif;- his astronomical instniniMits behind him.
Thereupon Runiker was re-ai)pointetl State astrono-
mer, but after he had hekl th(> jiosition a couple of
years — dnrin<;- -whicli he did notable work — he went
to Europe on leave. In p]ni;land he quarrelled with
somebody else, and one of the consequences of this
quarrel was that lie never returned to Australia.

Contradictory Judgments.

Rumker was a distinguished man — an P.R.S.. for
instance, in days when that distinction was jealously
guarded. He had also a profound contempt for his
assistant at Parramatta — the James Duulop afore-
said — a contempt which was inherited by Rumker 's
son. This son, the Government Astromuner of Ham-
burs, has declared it as his conviction that his

II. C. Russell. F.R.S.. who gives us the benefit of his
views. According- to him. James Dunlop was the
right man in the right place — "one of the most
energetic scientitie men that ever set foot upon
Australian soil." He also received the hall-mark
of Hritish science — he. like Rumker, was an F.R.S.
"He performed in Parramatta," says Mr. Russell,
"an amount of work which has probably never been
e(iualled, and certainly never surpassed." Refer-
ence already has been made to the 73S5 stars that
he catalogued — and that is independent of the 621
nelnilae and cluslers of stars that came under his
observation.

So now, you lunc both sides of the question in
regard to Rumkei-. the first astronomer of Australia,
and to Dunlop. his assistant and successor. The

-• . MITH&C°

PRODUCE '

Church Street, Parramatta, looking South from Phillip Street.

father's refusal to return to Parramatta in 1829 was
"the heaviest blow which science has received in
Australia . . . for the subsequent appointment
of Mr. Dunlop (whose qualifications were but very
imperfect) at Parramatta has added next to nothing
to astronomy, and the history of the observatoi-y dur-
ing this period is a mere blank."

The gentle reader, however, is implored to (lela\-
his .judgment. Elxpert evidence is notoriously un-
trustworthy, mainly because it is invariably contra-
dicted, more or less directly, by other expert evi-
dence. Let us put another astronomer in the box
and hear what he has got to say. It is the late ]\Ir.

mists of local prejudice and temporary disagreements
have by now rolled away, and you can see the two
men as they really and honestly were. Fine, straight,
well-informed men, apt in the discharge of their
duty. Both did great work, considering the limita-
tions of their day. Both were honored in their life-
lime. Neither of them is commemorated in the
town which was the scene of their labors. Tlu-re is
an obelisk in Parramatta Park on the .site formerly
occupied by the transit instrument used in the obser-
vatory, and this obelisk bears testimony to the
wisdom and public spirit of Sir Thonuis Brisbane,
who founded the observatory. Rightly so. Sir

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF rARRAMATTA.

Thomas erected and iiiaiutaiued this oljservatory for
four years at his own expense, and it is tittiog' that
due recognition should be madr of this solitary
instance of a governor who expenth'd iiis own funds
for the advancement of science in his adopted conn-
try. But surel.v there should be added some mention
of the men who gained distinction for the Parramatta
Observatory — of C'liarli's Luis Riniilvcr and James
Dunlop.

THE FATHER OF PARRAMATTA
JOURNALISM.

\Vith characteristic foresight the English authori-
ties charged with equipping the First Fleet, sent
out a small printing machine and plant — and nobody
qualified to handle it. So it lay idle until, towards
the end of 1795. a young man named George Hughes
astonished officialdom bv announcinu- that he could

Edmund Mason.

set up type and work the machine. He was incon-
tinently installed as Government Printer, and the
first sample of Australian printing was posted on
the Parramatta Court House board in September of
the vear named. It was not a very interesting
announcement — nior'c exciting tilings have been
published here in the 116 years which have elapsed
since. But. though it merelj' called upon all and
sundry to attend a general muster on October 1 — on
pain of imprisonmentj hard labor or corporal pimish-

ineut — we may be sure that its sight stirred our fore-
fathers.

It was nearly half a century latei' — in 184;j — that ii
newspaper was established in Pai'ramatta, and
Edmund Mason (1817-1899) was its publisher, pro-
prietor. lU'inter. and editor. It was called "The
Parramatta Ghronicle." and it had its struggles, like
all papers published in the near neighbourhood of a
metropolis, ilr. ilason brought to the conduct of
his plucky venture a considerabU> stock of energy
and abilit.v. When he lauded in Sydney, in 1841,
at the invitation of the "Herald"' proprietary, he
found b.v his side in the office a man named S.
Bennett, who was afterwards to found the "Evening
News" aud to incorporate with it the "Empire,"
with which Henry Parkes made his mark in Austra-
lian .journalism. Neither ^lason nor Bennett eared
to be wage-earners when the.v could beconre
employers, and it was not long before they decided
to start a paper in Maitland. Here, however, they
were forestalled, and Mason determined to try his
luck in Parramatta. The "Chronicle." as has been
said, was started in 1843, and. before the end of the
year, it had a "reptile contemi)orary '' in the shape
of "The Cumberland Times and Western Adver-
tiser," owned and edited by one Isaacs, with the
assistance of B. E. Baile.v. known — from his pen-
name presnmabl.v — as "The Curh'w." ilason. how-
ever, found that .iournalism in Parranmtta ditl not
pay; so he shut ui» the "Chronicle" No. I. and devot-
(■(1 himself to .job printing and tile stationer.v business.
"The Cumberland Times" \o. I followed its hated
rival into the grave, and for over 20 years no really
successful attempt was made to issue a paper in
Pai-ramatta.

The "Mercury" and "Argus."

Amongst the luisuccessful attempts was "The
Parramatta Chronicle" No. II. — a four-paged penny
paper, quarto size, also owned and edited by
Edmund IMason. It had a iitful career from 1865 to
1867, the PlSth number, dated June 29, 1867, con-
taining this melanchol.v paragrajih. tucked away at
the foot of one of the columns: — "The Chronicle. —
The present will be the last number of this little
Paper. It appears the town can only sup])ort one
publication of the kind, and the superior begging
qualities of the Manager of the Sydney-printed
Paper has procured the latter many subscribers to
our loss — to say nothing of State Aid, in the shape
of Government advertisements, which, through cer-
tain influence, he is able to procure." The imkind
allusion was to the "Parramatta Mercury," which
paper was itself to be absorbed in the following year
into the "Cumberland Mercury." Here we are
getting down to the beginnings of things as they are
to-da.v, for the "Mercury" lives and flourishes in
this present year of grace, though its name is no
longer familiar, the jiaper having been iuc(u-porated
into "The Cumlierlaud Argus and Fruitgrowers'
Advocate'' in 1895. At the start the "Mercury" was
a 2d weekly, published every Saturday, and the
proprietor, Mr. James Ferguson, was able to

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

niinouiR-e in his fifth issue that his .iournal had "a
wide and inereasiu,u' eireidalion." (.)iie tiling to the
ci-edit (if the "]\[ereury" is that it was the first news-
jiaper in Australia to use Colonial-made paper, and
another, that it did the hest it could for the town
and district. It was not long before Mr. Mason
acnuired a controlling interest in the "Mercury,"
whose monopoly had been challenged in 1869 by the
'"Cumberland Times" Xo. II., owned by the late Mr.
John Ferguson. This gentleman, who died only a
few months ago. wa.s in charge of his paper until
shortly before his death tliis year at the age of 80.
Mr. jMason had prospered so well in his business as
printer and bookseller that he soon retired from
newspaper work and went in for fruitgrowing.
Then, having earned a complete rest, he sjjent the
remaining years of an honorable and beneficent life
at his house in Boundary-street, where he died in
1899, aged 82 years.

It would hardl.y interest the average reader to
learn the names and to peruse the history of the
various papers that have at diiferent times tried to
serve the interests of Parraniatta and district. They
had their day and ceased to be. To-day there are
two papers: "The ('um)ierland Argus," issued twice
a week, anil owned l)y ]\lessi-s. Little and (_'ii.. ;nid the
weekly "Cumljerland Times."

OTHER GOOD OLD PARRAMATTANS.

Whilst due honor should ]>r paid to naturalists
like Clarke antl Woods, whose names and whose
services to science in Australia are practically con-
nected with Parraniatta. there are other men who did
great work in the same field. Such are George Caley
(the director of the liovernor 's gardens in Parra-
niatta). Allan Cunningham. Rear-Admiral King. J.
W. Lewin, H. M. Martin and George Suttor. Their
explorations and collections of plants in the district,
and their residence from time to time in Parramatta,
for scientific purposes, .justify the commemoration of
their names in any review, however slight, of the
borough's contributors to the natural history of
Australia. But, with the excei)tion of Cale.y and
Suttor, the best work done by these men was un-
doubtedly done out of Parramatta.

Buying a City.

For the same reason, extended notices of such men
as John Batman (1800-1840) and Hamilton Hume
(1797-1873) do not properly come within the scope
of this History. Each was born in Parramatta, and
the town is proud of being the birthplace of the
founder of Victoria and of the explorer who made
the first overland journey from Sydney to Port
Phillip. Even now the story of Batman's jiurchase of
the whole of the territory near Port Phillip, some
600,000 acres, reads like an extract from Gulliver's
Travels. How he rounded up the eight chiefs, who
easily persuaded the plausible stranger — with his
enticing collection of blankets, knives, tomahawks,

red shirts, flannel jackets, scissors, suits, looking-
glasses, slops and handkerchiefs — that the laud was
theirs to sell ; how the three principal chiefs named
Jagajaga, together with the lesser jjotentates —
Cooloolock. Bungarie. Yanyan. ^Moowhip and Mon-
marmalar — affixed their marks in clue form to the
alleged legal instrument; how Batman rowed up the
Yarra and found the site on which Melbourne stands
to-day. and said of it: "This will be the place for a
village" — are not all these things written in his
jom-nal that he who runs may read?

" Father " Watsford.

One would like to write at length, too, of
the Rev. John Watsford — Parramattan by birth
and education. He. as is narrated elsewhere, was
one of the first boys to attend The King's School,
and he was absolutely the first Old Boy to become a
master there. But his work as a distinguished
minister of the Wesleyan Church — he was President,
for instance, of the Australasian ilethodist Confer-
ence, 1871, and first elected President of the General

Conference. 1878 — was mostly done in other parts
of New South Wales, in Fiji, in South Australia, and
in Victoria. He was an apostle sent from Parra-
matta, more than a resident in the town which he
loved to the end of his long and useful life, and
which honored him alive and reveres his memory
dead.

George Suttor.

Perhaps the best known name in this list of scien-
tists is that of George Suttor. P.L.S., who arrived in
the colony in Governor King's time (1800-180G).

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

He had letters of introduetion to his Excellency,
who took a fatherly interest in him and advised hi:n
to remain (■■n hoard shij) niitil he conld jiet a house
in Parramalta. ^Ir. Suttor was "not to think of
staying in Sydney, as every man there was a rogne.
and he wonld surely he rohhed." The Governor ma.v
have known his S.vdney and he cci'tainly did knuw
his Parramatta ; hut as eertainl.v he did not know the
Suttors. who would seem to have a vvise and con-
stitutional ohjection to he robbed, if we ma.v .judge
from the i-ecord of this first colonist of his name
and from the record of those who have borne it since
in New South Wales, with honor and profit. Oeorge

cultivation of plants and was the means of intro-
ducing several novelties to England. His book on
"The Cultivation of the Vine"' was the high-water
nun k of local knowledge of viticulture at the time,
and his "Memoirs of Sir Joseph Banks" was a
meritorious atul sympathetic performance. His scm,
William lIeni-\'. was born at Baulkham Hills in ISdti.
and was in his time member for the Legislative
Assembly for Bathurst. William Henry had two
sons, both born at Bathurst. and both educated at
Parramatta: the elder at Dr. Woolls' school, and
the younger at The King's School. Bt)th are well
known names in the public historv of the State — -

The Long Avenue, Pariamatta Park.

Suttor speedily settled in the Parramatta district,
where he enjoyed the company of his old friend
George Caley, who had been sent out to the colony
by Sir Joseph Banks, Samuel Marsden and Lewin
the ornithologist. He settled on land, tlie grant of
the Crown, and soon had a comfortalde and suc-
cessful farm. At Baulkham Hills he cidtivated
oranges amongst other fruits, aiul he was soon in a
position to acquire valualile i)roi)erty beyond the
Blue Mountains, which he turned to great advantage.
As a scientist he devoted his attention mainly to the

^Ir. ^Yi]liam Henry Suttor, member of the Legislative
Assembly and frequently JMinister of the Crown; and
Sir Francis Suttor, who has held ministerial office
in several administrations and is now President of
the Legislative Council.

The Introducer of Gas.

.\ i-esident for some time, but not a Parramattan
liy birth, was another Wesleyan Minister, the Rev.
Ralph Mansfield. Arriving in Sydney in 1820,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

lie served in suceessive circuits in the metro-
polis, Windsor, Parramatta, Hobart, and again in
S.ydney. In 1829 he became editor and co-proprietor
of the "Sydney Gazette," the first newspaper pub-
lished in New South Wales — and, at least under its
first printer, George Howe, a Sunday paper at that.
Then he took charge, for Dr. Lang, of the "Colonist,"
and in 1841 he became leader-writer, and afterwards
editor of the "Sydney Morning Herald." Mr.
Mansfield has a strong claim to the gratitude of his
country in the fact that it was he who in 1836 per-
fected measures for lighting Sydney with gas. The
Australian Gaslight Company was formed thereafter,
with him as secretary.

James Byrnes.

The Hon. James Byrnes, M.l'., who, as appears
in the Council records, aspired, but in vain,
to be the first Jlayor of Parramatta, did attain that
office in February. 1862, and renuiined in possession
of the chair until Februarj-, 1866, when he was suc-
ceeded by Mr. James Pye. He was member for
Cuml)erland (South Riding) in the first Parliament
under responsible government (1856), and ten years
later, when Mr. (afterwards Chief Justice Sir) James
Martin — himself educated at Parramatta — formed
his first administration he appointed Mr. Byrnes his
Secretary for Public Works. (It is worth noting
that one of his colleagues was Henry Parkes, now
for the first time a iMinister.) During his tenure of
office, which lasted nearly three years, he had a lirush
with the Borougli Coiuicil. and his rebuke of the V)ody
over which he had presided so long is entered upon
the minutes more, one would imagine, in sorrow than
in anger. The Council had informed him as Secre-
tary for Public Works that they would not co-operate
with the Government in the intended sewerage work
in the town ludess the proposed drainage was carried
into the river lieyond the bi'idge and below Mr.
Dare's mill. Whereupon Mr. Byrnes addressed this
severe snul) to Ma.vor Harjxr: "I am at a loss to
know what the Council mean iiy the intimation th.-it
they cannot co-operate with tiu' (iovernment in
carrying out this work, the Government never having
sought their co-operation in the nuitter. I\Ioreover.
I am not a little astonished at receiving such a com-
munication, as the deputation that waited on me on
the sul).ject — of whom you wei'e one — expressed their
general satisfaction in the arrangements jiroposed.
the only su-ggestion made b.v the deputation being
one which would ])e extremely inconvenient and
destructive to the design to adopt, except at an
expense which neither the Government nor the Cor-
poration woidd in my ojjinion be warranted in
incurring." That nnist have shown aldermen that
Alderman James Byrnes, candidate for the ilayor-
alt.v, was one individual, whilst the Hon. James
Byrnes, a Minister of the Crown, was a very different
sort of personage altogether. After being in opposi-
tion for a couple of years, during which the second
Robci'tson and the foiu'th (.'owper J.Iinislries snc-

ces.sive]y tried, as he ex officio maintained, to ruin
the country, Mr. Byrnes becanu? Secretary for Public
Works again in the third Martin Jlinistry (1870-2),
which was turned out of office b.y his former col-
league, Parkes, who then formed his first cabinet.

John Lackey.

John Lackey was liorn in Sydney in 1830,
but spent most of his life in Parramatta, and was a
very prominent figure in the political and social life
of this district. He was not, like Mr. James Byrnes,
a menJjer of the first Parliament under responsible
Government, and, when this first Parliament was
dissolved in December, 1857, the Central Cundjerland
electors declined to honor him with tlieir suffrage.
In 1860, however, Parramatta returned him at the
head of the poll, and he retained his seat until 1865,
when .1. S. Farnell and James Byrnes annexed the
two seats we had then at our disposal. Nothing
daunted, Mr. Lackey stood for Central Cumberland
in 1867, and, having won the seat, he took care to
keep it as long as he remained in the A.ssembly.
Twice he served at Chairnmn of Committees; he was
Secretary for Public Works in the Robertson ilinis-
try, 1875-7, and in the Parkes and Robertson
coalition 1878. Appointed to the Legislative
Council, he was knighted on his cdevation to
the dignify of President — an office whose duties he
discharged lo nniversal satisfaction until his death.

Hugh Taylor.

Mr. Hugh Taylor (1823-1 897) was a conspicuous
figure in Parramatta. as alderman (1863-1897) and
as representative of the Borough in the Legislative
Assembly of eight parliaments. Born in Jlacquarie-
street, he was educated first at Mr. Daniel Thurston's
school, in Phillip-street, and afterwards at The
King's School. To those of us wlio remendiered him
inaiidy as one of the protagmiists in the Byrnes-
Taylor hostilities, it is interesting to remendjer that
when he first took an active part in i)olitics it was
as the able and earnest lieutenant of i\Ir. James
Byrnes. The first direct antagonism l)etween ]Mr.
Janu's Byrnes' son and Mr. Hugh Taylor was in 1871,
when the latter won the mayoralty as against the
other; and in the following year he secured the
membership also. In 1878 Mr. Byrnes turned the
tables, but at the next elections Mr. Taylor
triumphed, and he remained in possession of the .seat
until Mr. Dowell O'Reilly, as a Reidite Liberal,
wrested it from the veteran Parkesite. During his
long Parliamentary career, I\Ir. Taylor was very
active in procuring grants of money for the develop-
ment of the Borough in ways that he thought best;
and perhaps the most useful boon, and the one his
constituents appreciated the most higldy, w;is his
sucessful effort to get Parramatta included in the
peimy postage area.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

John Taylor.

John Taylor (1827-U)U5j, Hugh's brother, was,
until 1!)05, the solitary survivor of the first Municipal
Council of Parramatta — a fact which is commemor-
ated by the facsimile of his list of the Aldermen of
1862 which appears elsewhere. He attended Mr.
Thurston's school, and little thought that one of his
schoolfellows — his own elder brother — was to
represent the borough in eight parliaments, and that
another — James Martin— was to die Chief Justice of
New South Wales. After some years here and at
Mr. John Hare's (which stood on the .site until lately

then was off to California. This was the time of the
gold rush, but Mv. Taylor stuck to his trade and
made money. In 1855, however, he returned to Par-
ramatta, having added a wife to his treasures, and
.started the auctioneering and valuation business, in
which he was engaged for the rest of his long and
useful life. Incidentally he was a Market
Coniiuissioner, until the borough was incorpor-
ated, Lieutenant of Volunteers, Alderman, J.P. and
Licensing JMagistrate, and manager of the Parra-
matta Branch of the Savings Bank of New South
Wales (1860—1902). He filled in his spare time at
OIK! period liy founding and editing the "Parramatta

Parramatta North Public School.

occupied liy St. John's iJi-aiiimar Sciiool at the coriu'r
of Church and ^lac(iiuirie streets) he was sent to the
Sydney College, then ruled by ilr. W. T. Cape, with
Dr. Woolls as classical master. His father — Hugh
Taylor, the elder — wanted to article him to George
R. Nichols, a lawyer who filled the office of Auditor-
General in the first ministry formed in New South
Wales under responsible government. Here he would
have met JMartin again, for he was one of Nichols'
pupils. Instead, yoiuig Ta\'lor bound himself appren-
tice to Mr. Urquhart. the coachbuilder, whose fac-
tory was near where "The Argus" office stands, and.
having served his full term of six years, he .started
out on a belated " wanderjahre." After a visit to
New Zealand in 1848 when the Ilimi Heki war was
on, he spent a few months in New South Wales, and

^Mercury aiul Cuiiil>erlancl .\dvocate" — a twopenny
weekly which lived from .January. 1866. to February,
1868, when, dying, it gave birth to the "Cumberland
Mercury." which, in its turn, handed over its tri;st
in 1895 to "The Argus.'' A curious evidence of Mr.
-Jolm Taylor's abundant energy is to be found in the
Mitchell Library, in the shape of a publication called
"Parramatta Pa.st and Present." Really it is an
advertisement of his auctioneering l)usiuess. but
sandwiched in between are interesting items of infor-
mation about the town, illustrated by some of the
most amazing i)ictures anybody would care to see in
a book. ^Ir. Taylor was a perfect mine of Parra-
mattaJorc and he was always ready to place his
knowledge at the service of fellow-citizens and
others,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

CHAPTER IV. THE OLDEST GRAMMAR SCHOOL IN AUSTRALIA.

THE KING'S SCHOOL (1832-1911).

THE KIX(r.S SCHOOL is so well represented in
tlie jiages that follow that introdiietion would
lie unneeessary. if it were not for one or two
things. One of these is the desirability of plaeing'
before readers some eoncrete facts regarding this
"Oldest Grammar Sehool in Australia."

For ovei' two generations now — well on. indeed,
into the third — The King's Sehool has been unob-
trusively holding uj) the flag of education. And with
this main object in view : "to make man, first, master
of himself, and. secondly, master of the world in
which he moves." The words just (|uoted were
uttered long after The King's School was established,
professedly in order that "increased facilities should
be afforded for olitaining a useful and libei'al educa-
tion." Perha])s, these words sound snudl, as com-
pared with till' others. But tliey come to the same
thing in the end. Wherever you tind to-day an old
King's School boy of the average type, you will he
shaking hands with a man who is ediicated above the
average, who is master of himself and of the world
in which he nuives. Not intellectually, always; but
alwa.ys morally and socially. The King's School
boy of the normal type can hold his own in any
society — except the lowest; and he can geni-rally
tight his way out of that.

And so. The King's School might well have been
left to its own high reputation and to the elo-
quent tril)utes to its excellence which follow this
introduction. But. as a mere matter of history,
something nnist he said about the School, from a
purely statistic;d point of viinv. Archdeacon (after-
wards Bishop 1 Hi-ougiitou. "Vice-President of the
Committee of the Clergy anil Sehool Lands." was
the father of a plan for the establishment ot two
.schools for l)oys. one in Pan-amatta and the other in
Sydney. The plan was snbmittetl in IS'M), but it
was not until two yeai's later that it was ado|ited in
practice by the establishment of The King's School,

Archdeacon Broughton called the School, not after
the King, as some have su[(posed, but after his old
sehool in Canterbury, I]ngland. This is abiuidantly
proved out of the Archdeacon's own mouth. Tic
went to England in 1834, from which visit, by the
way, he returned the first and last Bishop of Austra-
lia. Whilst in the old country he was jiresent at a
banquet given by the King's School Feast Society,
nnmliering anu)ngst his fellow guests such distin-
guished personages as Archbishop Howley, of
Canterbury, and the great Duke of Wellington. In
reply to the toast of his health, the Archdeacon is
reported by the "Kentish Gazette"' to have said that

"he had been placed at the head of Christianity in a
country where education was unknown — he spoke of
New South Wales; and it was part of his duty to
attempt the removal of the difficulties produced by
the lack of an establishment for inculcating religion
and general knowledge. He succeeded in founding
a public school on what he hoped was a satisfactory
basis. He had given it the name of The King's
School (cheers), and, in doing so, he trusted that he
had acted from the praiseworthy feeling of reverence
and respect for the place of his own education (loud
cheers). There was now. he rejoiced to say. a King's

Rev. Robert Forrest. M.A.

.Srhool at the aidi])odes (repeated cheers). At the
time he left it upwai'ds of 70 scholars, chiefly board-
ers, the sons of the most respectalile inhabitants of
the colony, had been entered, and there was every
prospect of its success and jirosperity." This report
was re-published in the London "Times" of Septem-
ber 25, 1835, a copy of which the present editor was
jiermitted to see by the courtesy of ]\Ir. Sydney G.
Boydell. a grandson of the P>ishop.

The First Headmaster.

Thanks to Dr. Andrew llouison. one can speak
about the School from its earliest day.s. from the
masters' point of view. The Rev. W. B. Clarke,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

]\I.A., F.R.S. — whose name recurs frequently in this
History — was a master for some four years under
the Rev. Robert Forrest, the lirst Headmaster. Mr.
Forrest was not a graduate of a University, but was
ordained from St. Bee's College, and the Lambetn
degree of M.A. was afterwards conferred upon him.
The school was opened on February 13, 1832, in a

The King's Schcol in 1861.

brick house in Lower George Street. And the first
boys were: xVndrew ^McDougal. Edwin Sutttu-,
George Rouse, Joseph Thomjjson, James Walker.
Charles Lockyer. boarders ; and six day boys — Orr
(2). Oakes (2), (ieorge ;Maearthur and John Wats-
ford. James S. Ilassall. grandson of Samuel [Mars-
den, entered in April, 1832, and after the June holi-
days there were 100 boys in attendance, amongst
whom one distinguishes the names of Blaxland and
Futter. The increase in numbers meant the enlarge-
ment of the accommodation, and accordingly a new
schoolroom was built, and two ad.joining cottages
were rented for liedrooms. Oiif of these boarding-
houses — thus early was ado])ted the plan wliich the
present Headmaster has perfected — was under the
charge of "Jerry" Hatch, a tutor, and the other
under the charge of ]\Ir. (afterwards the Rev.) W.
Woolls. who was to become a pi'omiuent personage in
the infant community. It is Mr. Ilassall himself
who, recalling in later years the irreverent manner
of boyhood, tells us about the "Jerry" of Mr.
Hatch's appellation; just as he also handed down
the fact that the first Headmaster of The King's
School re.ioiced— or otherwise— in the nickname of
"Old Bob."' The foundation stone of the present
luiildiug, on the old Cherry Tree Gardens, was laid
in 1834 l)y Captain Westmacott. A.D.C. to the then
Governor. Sir Richard Bourke, who had used all his
influence to |irevent the enterjirise from being set
going. Government subscribed £2000 to the cost,
and, whilst the building was going up, it paid the
rent of the temporary school (£80 a year), whilst
boarders paid £28 a year and day lioys from £(i to
£10. It was imt a very higii charge, and "Old Boh"
and his assistants gave the boys full value for tlidr
money, the scliool-liours in .^Ir. llassall's time liciii"-

from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m., with, presumably, a few
intervals for meals and games.

Mr. Forrest and his boys nu.)ved into llie new
building in 1836, but unfortunately it was not
long before the first Headmaster was obliged by ill-
health to resign the position he adorned and in
which he had done such capital work. In 1839,
accordingly, he left Parramatta and took the living
of Campbelltown and Xarellau. But even here, in
his enforced leisure, the born schoolmaster had to
exercise his vocation, and accordingly we find six
bciys of 16 or 17 years of age added to his family —
two Nortons, two Oxleys, (!. F. jMaearthur and
Ilassall. Before long, the IMacarthurs presented him
Id the living of Camden.

Divided Control.

^leauwhilc things were going none too well with
The King's School. On Mr. Forrest's resignation
the headmastership was taken over by the Rev.
James Troughton. his brother-in-law. also a St. Bee's
man. As, however, the new chief was not competent
to teach classics, the Bishop of Australia — for to
this dignity Archdeacon Broughton had now been
elevated — appointed the Rev. William Branthwaite
Clarke, M.A. (Cambridge), to take the higher forms
in that subject. IMr. Clarke had come out to Aus-
tralia in 1839 — he was then 41 years old — mainly in
search of health, and the Bisho]) gladly took advan-
tage of the opportunity to strengthen the School,
which was afforded liy tiie opportune arrival of a
man who had already ilistiuguished himself as a
litterateur and who had more than laid the founda-
tions of his subsequent eminence as a geologist. A
good story is told of his fir.st visit to Parramatta.
The Bishop drove him up and droi)ped him at the
School, with the inquiry: "Can I do anything for
you in Sydney. Mr. Clarke.'" This was the first
intimation he had received that his sphere of use-
fuliu'ss had been definitely fixed for him. and that
he was to remain in Parramatta. He acrcpted the
sitiuition philosophically. "No, my lord," he
replied, "thei'c's imthiug you can do foi- iric: unless,
indecil vdii ran Frank a clean shiii to nic."' It
was one iif the pi-ivileges of high officers in those
days that they had not to ])ay for the carriage of
letters and parcels — their mere signatures were
sufficient postage. But this was too much for the
Bishop of Australia. "No, Mr. Clarke," he said,
"I think I can luifdly do that"; and there is no
evidence that, tlii'ii or thereafter, he understood the
delicate hint of unpi'cpai-edness which tlic victim of
his nuigh and i-eady nicllu)d of appnintmciit inteiul-
cd to ('(invcy.

A'alurally enough, tin' 'l"niuL;li1un-( 'iarlcc control
was nut a success, and in 1S41 the lu'v. William
West Simpson was appointed Head -Mastei-. Per-
haps he was not in office long enough to make his
mark. luit. an.v \va>'. it was a dangerous experiment
to appoint til till' ciinti'iil uf a young i)ublic school
a gentleman whose scholastic experience bad been
confined to the teaching of a pr'ivate sclioul in
London, There was the furtlier objeetinn that .Mr,

TttE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Siinpsnii's Hilly titli' Ui academii/ distinction was a
Lamhclii .M.A. granted in recognition of a presum-
ably learned. l)nt now forgotten, translation of the
"Constitutiones Societatis Jesu, Anno 1.358." For
all that, he was doing good work when hi.s career
as Headmaster was unromantically but ett'eetively
stopped by an outbreak of .scarlet fever, which
attacked him as well as a number of the boys, and
which compelled him to resign his office.

The next Headmaster was the Rev. James Walker
(1843-8), the tirst O.xford graduat(.' to hold the posi-
tion. Mr. Walker was not only a brilliant classical
scholar — ' ' one of the best classical scholars that ever
came to the colony," M'rites the Rev. W. B. Clarke
to Dr. Houison — but he was also well known as a
botanist, and he frequently wrote on his subject to
the press of the day. affording much valualile infor-
mation on poisonous plants. His sons — P. B. Walker,
wlij attained a high position in the Telegraph De-

Rev. Frederick Armitage, M.A,

partment ; Critchett Walker, so long Principal
Under-Secretary; and R. C. Walker, Librarian of
the Public Library, Sydney — maintained worthily
the distinction of their father's name. Apart from
his work in the School. i\Ir. Walker was largely
instrumental in the establishment of All Saints'
Church, and he was much missed when he resigned
the Headmastership in 18-18 and became incumbent
of St. Luke's, Liverpool.

Robert Forrest Again.

The Rev. Holicrt Foi-rcst slcppcil into the breai-h
on ilr. Walker's retirement, and. during the five
years of his second headmastership (18-t8-]853), he
did much to maintain and establish the reputation
and usefulness of the School. His own health had,
he thought, lieeii restored, and he set to work with
energy to develop the activities of the institution
for which in its infancy he had done so much. Un-
hap|]ily. the hopes entertained of his continuance in
robust health were not to be fulfilled, and Mr.
Forrest — whose services to Parramatta are grace-
fully commemorated by the "Forrest Ward" of the
Municipality — died a few months after his return
to England on his resignation in 1853.

Mr. Forrest's retirement was but the beginning of
the disasters which crowded on the School during
the next thirteen years. Whilst the authorities were
looking round for a suital)le successor, the Rev. H.
II. Bobart, JI.A. (Oxford) — who had succeeded
Samuel Marsden as incumbent of St. John's in 1838
' — was prevailed upon to fill the gap. But it was too
much for him, esi)ecially as, about this time, he was
busily engaged in ])re])ariiig plans for a new church
to take the ])lace of ilarsden's building, which had
been closed in 185'2. He survived his appointment
little over a year, dying at the School in June. 1851.
A couple of months later tlu' Rev. (afterwards
Archdeacon) Thomas Druitt took charge, but he
soon faded away from Parramatta and made room
for the last Headmaster before the intei-regnum.
This was the Rev. Frederick Armitage, M.A. (Oxford
and Camliridge). An Oxford graduate in the first
place, Mr. Armitage was a fine classical scholar,
with French and German at his finger-tips; but
what he did not know about mathematics would fill
birge volumes. Desirous of increasing his useful-
ness in this direction, he hit upon the strange scheme
of going through the Arts course in Cambridge.
But there was a difficulty in the way. Cambridge
would gladly confer, for a consideration, an "ad
eundem" degree upon a graduate of the sister Uni-
versity ; but it was unprecedented for such a
graduate to enter as an undergraduate. Be that as
it may, the unprecedented duly took place : l\Ir.
Armitage matriculated at Cambridge, went through
the Arts course and took his degree — not, hovv'ever,
in mathematics, but in classics! Good scholar as he
was, and painstaking and earnest teacher, Mr.
Armitage was deficient in the faculty of maintaining
order and discipline, and, when he went to England
on a twelve months' leave of absence, it was to
bring from there his headmastership (1858-1866) to
a close by resignation. Mr. L. J. Trollope, who took
temporary charge during his leave, has recorded
elsewhere the history of his valiant attempt.
But neither he nor any other man could have suc-
ceeded in the circumstances, and the Oldest Gram-
mar School in Australia put up its shutters and
remained closed.

Macarthur to the Rescue.
The interregnum lasted till January. 1869. when
The King's School opened its doors again under the

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PAKRAMATTA.

direction of the Rev. (icorjiv F. Macarthnr. himself
au old King's School boy. For some twelve years
l)efore this, he had been successfuU.v conducting a
school at JNIacciuarie Fields, and it was with his
])upils there as a nucleus that he entered on the head-
mastership (]8t)!)-18S6) wliich justified his claim to
be regarded not only as the "Sect)nd Founder of The
School,'' but as one of the greatest of Australian
educationalists. Archdeacon C4unther — who did
much to secure the re-opening of the School — has
paid a fine tribute to the memory of this great
schoolmaster, but there is yet material for a work,
which should be of great interest, exclusively de-
voted to a study of his career, its lessons and its
achievements. This matei-ial is m;unly in private

laid upon him — to do his duty honestly and faith-
fully to the School and to the parents of the boys
entrusted to his care, without at any time allowing
private or personal considerations to interfere with
his conscientious course of action." Mr. Gray's
headmastershij) — abruptly terminated by the neces-
sity of rettirning to England on the grt>und of Mrs.
(h'ay's health — is chiefly nuMuorable for the opening
of the School t'hajiel. subscriptions towarils which
liad been bt'gun during his predecessor's reign.

The Last Twenty Years.

The Rev. Edward Harris. .M.A.. D.D. (Oxford),
brought with him from England — where he had

tilled iiiii)oi-t;mt educatioiud positions, iiudiuling thi;

The Kings School in 1899.

hands, and possibly will he used at some future date.
For our purpose it must suffice to observe that
Macarthui- might have applied to his life-work me
proud boast of Augustus — "I fouiul Rome a miid
village. I leave it a city of marl)l(^ palaces." But
with this difference: Macarthur ''found'' nothing —
he made everything. He created the "tone" of The
King's School, and he turned out every year the
luidoubted makings of manly men : the best type of
Australians. The instruction imparted was simple
and solid, and order and method were the watch-
words of his just rule.

The high standard fixed by ^lacartlun- was main-
tained by his sueeessoi'. Rev. A. St. John Gray. M.A.
(1886-8), who could truly say when he resigned
his trust that "during his coiuu'ction with the School
he had always kept in mind the one great obligation

lleadmastership of Exeter School — a reputation for
culture and scholarship and thoroughness which he
brilliantly nuiintained at The King's School (1889-
LSS).")). During his term of office, it will be remem-
l)ered. there began the "hard times" whieh had
such an effect on Xew South Wales, and necessarily
upon the ScliocJ which is so largely recruited from
the pastoralists ;ind from all whose jirosperity de-
peutls directly on "the land." This, of course,
re-acted in various ways, but Dr. Harris could point
wh(>n he resigned to various achievements of import-
aiiee. and. above all. to the firmer and firmer estab-
lishment of the I'eputation of the School. "Our
aim," he said, "has been to do the small things of
daily duty as well as we ct)uld do them, and to do
everything, be it work or be it play, well." Tlie aim
was fulfilled.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARR AM ATT A.

81)

If Dr. Ilfirris felt llie l)i't;iiiiiin!is of the bad times,
his suce<'SS(ir, the Rev. Arthur Ilaiuinerton Champion,
M.A. (Caml)ridiie). had all the rest of them during'
his term (lS!)5-]y06). Yet by dint of hard work and
unfailing' and sincere attention to duty, it eonld be
said of Mr. Champion that from a total of 78 boys at
the School when he took charge the numbers rose to
100 boarders and 47 day boys, and that considerable
additions had to be made to the buildings. In the
case of a man still living — to live, as we may hope, for
many more years of usefulness — it is well to keep
silence, yea. even from good words. But it may be
permitted to transcribe here a sentence from the
"Sydney Morning Herald" on the subject of his
resignation: — "In his characteristically quiet and
unostentatious manner, l\Ir. Champion did much to
confirm the high reputation of the old School, and to
advance the cause of sound education." A higher
note was struck by the late Nornuni J. Gougli in his
appreciation: — "To be a gentleman in the face of
things in general is not always easy, and, perhaps,
for many of us Mr. Champion has made it easier,
for his woi'l< has lain as much with humanity as
with the humanities. ... If Mr. Champion has
never cranuned a boy. he has never suffered one to
go empty Here was the note of a great sim-
plicity, of unaffected charm: here was a man who
had power, l)ut diil mif set it on a iu'dcstid : who
M'as simple, and yet atlde<l diginty to a position
which was itself a dignity."

Now, for the second time in the history of the
Oldest (iranunar School in Australia, an Old Boy
reigns in The King's School, and the fact prompts
the wish and the belief that the Rev. Stai-x- Waddy,
M.A. (Oxford), may be a second Macai'tliui' in in-
fluence for good and in success of every kind. It
would ill liecoiiic lis in a History to which Mr.
Waddy has contril)uted some interesting pages, to
speak more particularly of his work and his methods
than he has himself cared to speak; but we may be
permitted to mention a few facts and figures which
speak for themselves. During the last 4i/^ years,
the following additions have been made to the School
buildings: — New dining hall, new library, museum,
kitchens, etc.. and the swimming bath. Three School
houses — Broughton. IMacarthur and Old Oovernment
House — have been established, thus providing
accommodation for 184 boarders and 50 day-boys.
This number, now in attendance, is easily the highest
on record; and if the Council wants to receive more
boys it will have to see about enlarging its increased
borders.

TWO SCHOLARSHIP BOARDS.

aso.5

lS.')(i
1857
185S
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864

1S70
1872
1874
1875
1876
1S77
1879
1S8U
1881
1883
1884
1888
1889
1890
1891
1 893
189.5
1896
1S9S
LS9S

1910
1911

THE BROUGHTON SCHOLAESHIP,

The gift of Charles Kemp, Efq.

HOLDERS.
.lOHX II. I'ARNELL
WILLIAM J. GUNTIIKK
J'KANCIS PILCHEK
.lAMES HOUISON
FRANCIS M. BETTS
RICHARD A. \VADDY
GEORGE G. BLAXLANU
WILLIAM J. BOYDELL
n. H. GALL

The Scliolarship li(s in ;ilicyani'0 from July,
1S64, till January, 1869.

AV. CHISHOLM

E. J. .lENKINS

SYDNEY BERXAIU) LEVICK
CHARLES J. LLOYD
ARTHUR H. M. FEEZ
GEORGE FOOTT
CHARLES G. WADE
JOHN A. 1. PERRY
HEDLEY HUNGER FOR I)
GEORGE M. L. 1NXE«
C. A. WHITE

F. C. KENDALL

G. P. HALL

C. CHILDE

P. S. WADDY

D. P. EVANS-JONES
J. MAUGHAN

11. S. MORT

E. A. BARTON
L. lIARRlfcON

After being iu abeyance for sonie years, (his
Scholarship wa.s revived as

THE BEOUGHTON PEIZE.

M. G. FIELDING
G. S, CHAMPION

Hanging on the wall of the big schoolroom are a
number of Scholarship Boards which in themselves
are a history of The King's School, or, at least, a
perpetual memorial of the leading students in given
years. Subjoined are the boards relating to the
Broughton Scholarship and Prize, and the Broughton
and Forrest Exhibition : —

THE Er,OUGHTON AND FORREST EXHIBITION,

The gift of Robert Campbell, Esq., M.P.
HOLDERS.

18.54 . . JAMES D. COX (Trin. Coll., Oxon.)
185.5 .. GEORGE E. C. STILES (St. Eilnuni.l Hall.
O.X0I1.)

1858 .. WILLIAM J. GUNTHKR (Queen's Coll..

Oxon.)

1859 . . FRANCIS PILGHER (Orie! Coll., Oxon.)
1862 . . FRANCIS M. BETTS (Pern. Coll., Cantab).

These exhibitions then fell into abeyance,
but were ultimately revived by the
generous liberality of the family of the
late Robert Campbell, Esq.

1874 , . EDWARD J. JENKINS (Trin. Coll., Oxon).

1875 . . JOHN E. S. ELWELL (Non-Collegiate Stu-

dent, Oxon).

1879 .. HENRY L. DAYIS (Queen's Coll., Oxon).

1880 .. CHARLES G. WADE (Merton Coll., Oxon).

TliE Jul3tLEE History of PARkAMA^r'TA.

ISSO

ISSS
1891
1892
1890
1898
1902
liKI9
1911

EECUNALIJ Jl. lloUK (Now College, Oxoii).
GEORGE M. L. 1XXE« (Trinity Coll.,

Cantab).
CECIL ALBAN WIllTK (New Coll., Oxoii).
D. MACGMAN (Halliol Coll., Oxon).
P. S. WADDY (Balliol Coll.. Oxon).
.1. M, MAUGIIAN (Balliol Coll., (l;;o;i).
EDMUND A. BARTON (New Coll.. Oxon).
SYDNEY G. STILES (Oriel Coll., Oxon).
S. F. MOKT ((Jneen's Coll. Oxon).
M. G. FIELDING (Merton Coll.. Oxou).

THE KING'S SCHOOL TO-DAY.

An " Old Boys' " School.

By the Rev. Stacy Waddy, M.A. (Oxford and Sydney)
Headmaster.

There is one aspeet of a (ireat i^iblie Sehoul that
is too rarely reeoguised. When people say "How
is the Sehool g'oino- on?" they have in mind the boys
who are at the nionient being' educated there, and
the masters who are at that time sitting in the seats
of the mighty.

The mi.stake is nalural; but it is a mistake none
the less. For a great Hehool consists of all the boys
wJio have ever been at it — not merely its present
mendiers. "Once a Kingeyi. always a Kingeyi"!
(I am very doubtfnl how our ;incicnt nickname
should be spelt; but I am quite sure of the truth of
the maxim.) A School exists .to produce "old
boy.s"; and if we forget that the old walls do not
stand simply to house the present generation, but
also to gather reunions of the "old boys" of the
past, we take a stunted vie\v of the greatness of the
institution.

I shotdd say that here perhaps is to be found the
chief feature of the life of the School under my
owni Headmastersliip. It happens that I am an "Old
Boy." It is no merit of mine; I did not send myself
to School; there seemed to be no qtiestion but that
my father's old School s-hould have the task of
making the best it could of me. My grand-uncles
had been Kingeyis; my father, my paternal and
maternal uncles also ; myself and my brothers made
the same air resound with similar outcries beneath
the chastening birch. Proliably next year another
generation of the name will sit on the benches and
wear the uniform.

So that I started as Headmaster with the qualifi-
cation of being a very thoroughly descended "Old
Boy." Only once before. I Ijelieve, had an Australian
boy passed on to the Ileadniastership of his School ;
and that also was at T.K.S., in the case of my great
predecessor. Mr. Macarthur. The fact at any rate
was rare enough to strike the imagination of the
"Old Boys"; and I have found myself from the
commencement of my regime with a most powerful
and enthusiastic force behind me — the loyalty and
co-operation of the Old Boys of the School.

What the Old Boys Do.

'I he pnigi'ess of the last f(jur yi'ars has lieen a
great gratification to me. And I am glad of a judilic
o]ipoi-tiuiity of showing how much this has been due
to the fact that the old School consists of all tlie
boys who have ever been at it; that, when you ask
"IIow is 1he Sehiinl going on?" you must look ipiite
as miieli at the keenness and loyalty of the Old Boys
as to tliat of the present staff of masters and su[)ply
of boys.

The outAvard and visible signs of this iiave been
three: The lirsl is. (lie splendid Old Boys" Swiininilig
Bath — their gift to Alma IMater. The second is. the
large nuiidier of boys who have come to the School
through the urging of "Old Boys." The third is the
large and hearty gatherings of "Old Boys" who have
met at the School. Commemoration Day has become
Old Boys 'Day. Twice a year they gather to the School
to play the present boys at cricket (and generally
get beaten!) Once a year they attempt the .same
task at football (and always get beaten!) They
come for Prize Day. for boxing tournaments, swim-
ming, tennis. Ami besides these gatherings for set
purjiiises. pel haps few days jip.ss that we have' not

Rev. Stacy Waddy. M.A.

some Old P>oy up at the Sehool. having a look roiuid,
yarning to the Sergeant, exchanging liadiiuige with
the old Matron, and reminiscences with Air. CJorr or
Mr. Thomas, — and perhaps, as he looks round the
old familiar scenes, having a litth' sinking feeling
in his heart that they were good old times, and wc

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

are not quite sure that we will ever have quite such
a good time again.

Truly, if a School i-annot draw hack its old boys,
and make them feel a little tender, as they look
round, there is something wrong somewhere. And
T.K.S. at any rate has always been a great "Old
Boys' " School.

Some Past Masters.

Another feature that has tlistinguished the old
School in the ptint is also a part of its present; that
is, the way it has been able to retain the loyal and
keen services of good men on the staff. One is almost
tempted to say that the best known of those who
stand out in its past history liave not been its Head-

— ever feel that any greater influence has come into
our lives. (It will be obvious that I speak only of
Headmasters who have passed away from the world
wliere they laboured.)

Yet even alongside of these names, how brightly
stand out those of their right hand men! Burkitt
and Dalmas have become traditions; Delaney will
always have the very sympathetic recollection of
the many boys whom he ruled — and rule he did!
No one can say that the old School has ever yielded
U) the lines of management which make the Head-
master a distant and unapproachable j)otentate, a
part of a boy's life liardly more personal than dis-
tant thunder. With men like JMacarthur and Harris,
it was the personal touch that produced their influ-

Ring's Bridge from Parramatta Park, showing Hospital and The King's School.

masters, but their helpers and right-hanil men. Air.
Forrest, the tii-st Headmaster, has certainly left his
mark ; no old boy of his will ever forget him. It is
one of my deep regrets that I never met Mr. Alacar-
thur; but this I can say — of all the numberless "Old
Boys" of his whom my position has enabled me to
meet, I never met one whose voice did not become
almost emotional as he spoke of his "chief." Of
these two then it would certainly not be true to say
that their names were less famous than their helpers.
Nor will we wht) passed under the rule of Dr. Harris
■ — a great and good man; a reallv ureat schoolmaster

ence; they knew their boys — still heller, their boys
knew them. Long may such be mir tradition! But
all the same, the ^e^dly eifective assistant-master has
a sphere and scope hardly less impDrtant. almost
more intimate, than the "Chief." And 1 should
unhesitatingly say that the great work of T.K.S.
in the past is quite as much due to the years of
faithfid and strenuous service of men like n.-dmas, as
to the work of the Headmasters.

And I am ])roud to think that it is so still. To
l)oys and old boys of the past fifteen years. Air.
Tliiiiiias is simiiK' a i)ai1 of T.K.S. Wliatever side

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAIVIATTA.

of the School life thev were keen upon ; whatever
incident makes them rub the i)lace when they think
of it ! — whatever they see was a help to them to
become the men they now are ; he had a share in it.
And jMr. Corr has had an experience probably unique
in Great Public Schools; for he has now to teach
the sons of former pupils ; he has served under three
Headmasters; he has seen four former pupils join
the stalf as his colleaiiues in mastership : and he now
helps a Headmaster who was once his pupil. The
power of service to the School which such a standing
gives is obvious.

The House System.

It is largely with the idea of giving to such men
the widest possible scope and sphere that I have
organised the School on what is known as the House
system. The plan is simple; merely this — to find
tiie best men available as House masters; to give
them a cluster of thirty, forty, tifty boys with whom
they shall be brought into the most intinuite contact
possible; to make the House a unit, with a corporate
life of its own. inspired and moulded by the House-
master, — not competing with, but contributing to,
the wider patriotism that haunts the idea of "The
School"; to allow the Houses, while running on the
same broad lines, yet to develop their own indi-
vidualities, in keen and healthy rivalry each witli the
others; this is to gain all round and lose nowhere.
It is to make the best of every force that goes to
vivify the life and tone of a School; comradeship
amongst the boys; local patriotism blending with
wider loyalties; the influence of a wise and good
assistant-master used to its very fullest extent, being
diffused over tlie whole School, but also concentrated
upon a section. It is hard to overestimate the great-
ness of the sphere iif influence open to a House-
master.

So that the fouiulation of this system is not a
revolution: it is but a new way of producing old
results to their greatest possible extent. In fact, the
names l)oth of the Houses and of the House-masters
are signs of the truly conservative nature of the
move. There are four Houses: the old School House,
that lias stood as it is now for nearly SO y(^ars: the
old (iovei'nment House, which has .stood nearly IDii
years, and now houses the i)oys who iii'c to make
Australia loyal and progressive in Ihc future;
Broughton House ("Xewlanc's"') named after our
founder; and ]\Iacarthur House, named after our re-
founder, ilr. C'orr has charge of the School House:
]Mr. Thomas of Old (ioverniiu'nt Hdusc; and two old
boys of the School. Rev. E. F. Waddy and H. E.
Britten, are in charge of Broughton and ]\Iacarthur
Houses respectively.

In a short article like this. I have taken but one
aspect of the School life : I wish to show that T.K.S.
is an ''Old Boys' '" Sclu)ol. that knows the secret of
prodiU'ing that wonderful feeling called loyalty.
Once the quality is learned, the boy is sure to feel
it in the wider issues of later life ; the keen Old Boy
will be ripe material for becoming the keen citizen,
soldier, patriot. Imperialist, churchman. He will
have the Imperial instinct ; not afraid of big under-

takings and progressive developments; not needing
to be told that such developments will demand his
effort and self-saeriflce ; seeing life in the light of
comradeship, not of mere self-seeking. If a School
can do that (and Australian schools as a whole can
proudly claim that they do > then they deserve well
of the wider unities and comradeships for which
they must prepare their boys : the State, the Empire,
the I'niversal Church.

"Schola Regia floruit; floreat. et semper floreat."

fea.^yCo«^d^

WHAT THE KING'S SCHOOL STANDS FOR.

By the Rev. Arthur Hammerton Champ'on, M.A. (Cambridge
and Sydney).

An ancient poet, with whom some of us had a
notlding acquaintance in youth, sings of the pleasure
felt liy one who stands on a cliff overlooking the sea
;iiiil watches the toils of those in peril, when winds

Rev. Arthur Hammerton Champion, M.A.

and waves are high. But he hastens to adtl that the
chief emotions in the watcher's mind will be sym-
pathy born of experience and .joy in jiresent well-
b(>ing and high hope for the future. I believe that
flic publishers of this volume have asked me to eon-

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

tribute a few lines to it, because they credit me with
feelin-i' the same emotidiis as I hjok on the progress
of that good ship, dear to so many of us and to all
men known as T.K.S. But as others will write of
its history and indulge in personal recollections and
do honour to its great names, I shall venture only on
some general notes.

The first thing that impresses one more and more
is the great need to the country of such a School,
with its traditions and opportunities and various
activities. A country like ours, of wide spaces and
much outdoor enterprise, produces a particular type
of boy: a boy intelligent but not always intellectual;
not always a lover of books, but yet quick to read
men and things ; not always endowed with what a
great scholar called "the low cunning to understand
a rpiadratic," but ready to study and solve some of
the i)i-oblems of life. Such boys develop best under
the manifold influences of such a school as The King's
School, and often develop slowly and in unexpected
directions; and so, fairly to .judge of its usefulness
to the community, one must look, not merely to
showy successes in examinations, but over a far
wider field; into remote corners and Polar seas; into
the careers of wise rulers in the Church and able
judges and patriotic leaders in politics, and also
into the lives of obscurer citizens who are working
fortiter et fideliter, with loyalty to tiie old Schodl
as one of the inspiring forces of life.

And then, even the most careless observer must
notice the growth of the School — growth in numbers,
which indeed will vary in this land of vicissitudes,
but may reasonably be expected to be maintained ;
growth in buildings — and it should be remembered
that it is not fifteen years since the pi-osaic fact of
a kitchen too small to swing a cat in suggested the
beginning of additions to the School House which
had done duty for so many years; and growth in
the system which has produced "Houses" of the
English Public School type.

The town of Parramatta has a history, has many
associations with the past, linking it with the larger
life of the community, and not the least of these is
that "])laee of sound learning and religious educa-
tion"' which far-seeing Bishop Broutihton founded
in 1S3-2.

THE INTERREGNUM.

The School in the Sixties.

By L. J. Trollope, the First Lay Headmaster.

It was in June, 1858, that I came over from Tas-
mania to take u]i work on the staff of The King's
School. At that time there were from eighty to one
hundred boys on the roll, and the teaching staff con-
sisted of the Rev. F. Armitage. M.A., Headmaster,
Jlr. TI. S, Hawkins, I\1.A., mathematical master, and

five others including myself. There was then no
Council. The Bi.sliop of the Diocese was visitor, but
his duties were confined to the appointment of the
Head, and during the six years that I was there he
only visited the School twice — on prize-giving days.

About 1860 the numbers began to decrease rapidly.
Three factors contributed to this:

The opening of the Sydney Grammar School, the
King's School before that event being the only pub-
lic school in the colony, with the exception of a
school at Cook's River kept by the Rev. W. Savigny.

The departure from the School of Mr. Hawkins to
open a school at lioulburn, he taking with him two
other masters and several lioys.

The state of disrepair into which the School build-
ing had fallen; there being no fimds from which a
new roof, which was urgently needeil, could be
financed: and I\lr. Armitage having spent several
hundred pounds on class rooms, etc., not seeing his
way to further expenditure. In 1863 he went home,
intending to return in three years, and I was left in
( liarge as Acting-Head ; but in June, 1864, he decidiMl
not to return, and there was nothing left but to close
the School, as the roof was like a sieve.

During the time I was there the School turned out
some good scholars and athletes, among tlieni being
found the names of Suttor. Cox, Throsby. Chisholm.
Blaxland, Belts, Waddy. Amongst the la.st-named
were the father and uncle of the present Ilead-
ma.ster. Among the Blaxlands were the father and
uncle of another master at the present time.

There were three import;int events in the history
of Parramatta which had something to do with the
old School : —

First. The enlargement and beautil'.\ing of All
Saints' Church. The School had no chapel in those
days, boys and masters atteiuling the services at
All Saints', and when in 1861 the Church was
enlarged a stained-glass window was erected in the

THE JTIBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

chancel to the memory of tlie first Headmaster, the
Rev. R. Forrest, by suliscriptioiis fnmi [)ast and
present boys. I niii:ht iiientinn here that the Rev.
F. Gore, B.A., incumbent of All Saints', assisted at
the School when we were shorthanded and notably
when I\[r. Hawkins broke his le^ and for more than
three months was nuable to attend.

Second. The formation of the Parramatta Volunteer
Rifle Company. This was. 1 think, the second volun-
teer company in New South Wales, and was .ioined
by ]\Ir. Armitage. myself and about a dozen of the
older boys, there being no cadet corps in those days.
In connection with this an incident occurred in
which four of The King's School boys were concern-
ed. Four of the Faithfulls. of Springfield, near Goul-
burn. were returning after the vacation, two to tlie
University and two to the Scliool. when they were
"stuck up" by the Hall gang of bushrangers. Tlie
three elder had their rifles with tliem, and they suc-
ceeded, though only mere lads, in driving off the
outlaws, one of whom was said to be wounded.

Third. The establishment of the Borough of Parra-
matta. But the only connection of The King's School
with that was that one of the masters. Mr. J. \.
F'lower. was an official at one of the polling booths.

^^^

THE KING'S SCHOOL IN 1869.

By Mr. Justice Pring, Judge of the Supreme Court, New South
Wales.

The King's Sclionl. which was founded in 183"2.
was closed in 186.3. At that time the Rev. G. F.
]\IacHrthur liad a prosiierous boarding school at I\Iac-
quarie Fields, lie was one of the first jiupils of The
King's Sclu)ol.

In 1868, when 1 was one of the l)o>s at jMaetjuarie
Fields, he determined to inidertake the task of re-
opening The King's School. I remember going with
him that year to see the jilace. The Headmaster's
cottage was then occupied by I\Ir. John Taylor, a
well-known citizen of Parramatta. but the school
buildings were in a sadl.y neglected state. The
Upper School room was the abode of goats, while
ducks inhabited some of the class-rooms. A large
expenditure was necessary to put things in order,
but ]\Ir. JMacarthur undertook this, and, though he
received some assistance, the larger part of the ex-
pense fell upon him. In January. 1869, he opened
the School with a roll call of thirt.v-eight boarders.

In the preceding year he had had 84 boarders at
jMacqnarie Fields, hut many parents, fearing lest a
town life would be in.jurious to their sons, had with-
drawn them. I left at the end of 1869. but kept in
close touch with the School until .Air. ]\lacarthur
resigned the lleadnuistershi)) in 1886. having suc-

ceeded in winning such a good name for the School
that he was unable to accede to all the applications
for admission.

While I was there we had some difticulty in secur-
ing that great delight of boys — a place in which to
.swim. We w'ere not allowed to bathe in the river,
for in tho.se days the people of Parramatta depended
largeh- on it for water for donu>stic jnirposes. All

The Hon. Mr. Justice Pring.

day long water-carts i)lieil between the dam and the
town. Ultimately wc took possession of the dam at
Xoi'th Rocks, but 1 lidirve that later on that was also
forbidden wate;-.

In 1869. though OTir numbers were so few, we were
at the head of tlii> schools in cricket, defeating Xew-
ington College, which before then was considcreij
invincible.

Football was then unknown. True, we had a ball,
hilt wf oidy kicked it aimlessly about the play-
ground. Of course, as we had a rifie cadet corps at
Macquarie Fields we brought that with us to Parra-
matta. atid gave a good account of ourselves at the
Randwick shooting matches. On Sundays we used to
march to church at All Saints", but later on services
at the School were instituted. Ilowevei-. JIi-. iMacar-
rhur soon coiK'eived the idea of building a School
!'ha]>el. anil collected a considerable sum for that
purpose, but the chapel was not built until after ho
had retired frimi the position of Headmaster.

The pi-incipal masters were ]\Ir. Burkitt and !\lr.
Dalmas, both of whom are now dead. Their .ser-

tilE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

vices to the Sehool were of inestimable value. ;ni(l
are recorded on tablets on the School walls.

Ihere was an island at the toot of llic playground
covered with .scrub, which formed a convenient hid-
ing place fur "smokers." Some years ago the dam
was raised, with the result that the island has lieeii
submergetl. Our diet was very simple, bread and
butter for breakfast and tea, meat and vegetables
for dinner, and jnuldiug on Sunday, Tuesday and
Thursday.

In my time lu)lidays were not so long as now. We
had ten days at Midwinter, and six weeks at Christ-
mas, and facilities for travel were very different
from what they are at the present da.\'. It took mc
three day.s to get to my home and three more to get
back, whereas the same journey can now be made
in twelve hours each way. Needless to say I went
home only at Christmas time. However, since those
days there have been many alterations, some of the
most noticeable of which are in the School itself.
Tlie ai'ea of its usefulness has been much enlarged
with a view to prepare bo.vs for the real work of
life. The establishment of Houses in connection with
the School is a marked step in the direction of bring-
ing it into liiH' with the great [)ul)lic schools in
England. We may now loiik forward to a career of
great usefulness for it.

^pU^r

CHANGES AND ALTERATIONS.

By the Headmaster.

The King's School, Canterl)ury. proudly styles
itself "The Oldest Public School of England." We
are glad to he able to use the same phrase for
its Parramatta namesake — one might say "god-
daughter" — as regards Australia. But when it adds
the justification, that it was "founded in the Vllth
century, and reconstituted by Henry VIII. in 1541,"
our modest age of eighty years looks very small. Yet
here, too, there is likeness; each goes bacdi to the
beginnings of national life and education ; each pro-
claimed from the start that "Godliness and good-
learning" are inseparable; and each has moulded
and been moulded by the community it served.

And, after all. eighty years is no short time. There
is room for antiquarian interests to gather, for much
change to take place. Parts of old buildings are put
to new uses; new buildings are added; some that
once were centres of vivid life are swept away. In
the belief that there is an interest in these things.
that memories gather round jiegs, and are interested
in their pegs, this article is written to tr^K'e (though
inadequately, yet with a hope of calling out correcter
and ampler information) how the present School
surroundings took their shape.

The first T.K.S. still statuls— a brick two-storey
liouse in (leorge-street. A verandah has been added
in front; it is in excellent repair'. How far it retains
any traces of its former occupancy I cainiot say. An
artistic sketch v.-as recently made of it by ^Ir. H,
Beecroft.

This was occupied while tlic buildings intended for
the School were being erected. How long that took,
I cannot say. We have always understood that our
massive walls, fully two feet thick, and the mon.)lith
pillars of the porch, Avere the work of convict
labourers; on the other hand, iMr. Jlacarthur, in a
famous Commemoration sjjeech, is said to have indi-
cated that (iovemor Bourke was hostile to the
Si-hool, and blocked the supply of labour.

How the Buildings Grew.

Still, built it was. and thithci- canu^ the box's. What
stood on the site previously.' Ai-e any parts of the
present buildings a siu'vival (d' i)rcvinns tcnanc.v?
'Ihe ground in front was. I understand, a nursery
uarden; various Ileadnuisters are credited with
having gi-own fruit in the grounds, ami provided
temptation foi' the breach of the eighth <-)niman(l-
nu'ut. I can only cu\y their horticultural pro.iciency !
For I can make it grow nothing but i'arramalta
grass. P'our years ago. the grountl in li'ont of the
S(diool was elaborately levelled: it was ploughed,
cleared of the tufts of our enemy, and hopefully
sown with couch seed. And after a long interval, up
came — Parranuitta grass worse than ever! I hope
that some futuie Ileadmastei' will have the joy of
seeing the Sidiool sports held there. But I fear I
will not. It still justities the uanu' by which we
called it when 1 was a boy hei-e — the "hard stuff."
Earlier pictures show that it was once much less
level; Mr. Macarthui-. 1 believe, di<l a good deal of
levelling.

Let us take Hrst the growth of the buildings. '1 hi!
original i)lau was four rooms — a school-room (known
as the Prayer Hall in JMacarthur's time; now, since
the building of the Chapel, known as "Upper
School"). Across the stone-tlagged hall was a dining
room of the same size — (were these ever stone-paved
too?) — now known as "Lower School." Its chief
memories are of "bread and scrape" in Forrest days,
with bread and water as a healthy change of diet
when over-feeding produced naughtiness! Later,
when a long low dining-hall was built on, it became
Lower School, and a tablet on the wall (unveiled on
Commemoration Da.y, 1911) records the memory of
the great Lower School master, W. Dalmas.

On the second storey, approached by a stone stair
with iron hand-rail, were the two dormitories. Was
one of them ever used for other purposes? It seemed
hard to believe that there could have been boarders
enough to till both in the days wdien Upper School
sufficed as the one class-room. Can anyone tell when
the wooden partitions were put down the middle of
the dormitories? Do they date right ba.ids to the
StoiH:- Age? So far as I can tell, the dormitories are
unchanged within the memory of any "Old Boy" to
whom I have spoken about them, I have had infor-

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

mation that there used to lie three masters" eubieles
iu No. 3.

To this (irie:iiial nueUnis. additions were soon
needed. A row of class-rooms was added outside
what was then the back door — leading from the hall.
These class-rooms have had a bewildering variety of
use — the terms "music-room." "chemistry room,"
"monitors" room.'" "nniscuiii."" have dodged about
too fast to be followed.

The next addition (but when made?) seems to
have been the old stone dining hall, on the left as
one looks to the porch. "What a cold room it was!
Long as a caterpillar; with a small dais, whence the
cry of "Too much noise!" from Burkitt and Delaney,
and many another, has often hushed the babble that

Headmaster "s house, which previously nuist have
been cramped (piarters for a family. The present
Headmaster "s dining room (where many a boy
shivers, when invited to tea. while "the Chief"
makes improving conversation and forgets to offer a
second help of apple tart), was ^Ir. Armitage"s
library, and also used as a class room. The second
storey was p\it on when Dr. Harris arrived.

The Gym. appears to have been built in ;\Ir. (iray's
time. A tin carpenter "s shop stood, as late as ilr.
Champion's time, near the Gym. Lavatories Tised to
stand near the School back-door, and were pulled
down when the present dining-hall wing was added.
The small Inith-room at the end was presumably the
scene of ^Ir. Justice Print;' "s reminiscences of the

The King's School in 1911.

boils up at tea while the monitors are lingering over
their luxuries after the rest of the School is anxious
to be gone! Later, this hall was wood-floored and
divided into three of the worst class-rooms the School
ever had. In 1910 it was pulled down, to make room
for the present kitchens. lil)rary and lavatories.
(There was one curious feature about it; round its
play-ground end and west side ran .stone flags, as if
it had once had a balcony. Can anyone remember if
this was so?)

Next, Mr. Maeartlmr. on eimiing from Mac(pTarie
Fields, put on the curious but useful i)eaked upper
storey, containing hath-i-ooms and work-room for
boys' clothes, also three small dormitcn-ies. now used
as masters' bed-rooms (2) and sick-room.

The next addition was, a second storev on the

once-a-week hath on Saturday night — when lucky
was the boy who came first, or nearly so I

The School Chapel.

The building of the Chapel was a beiu'fit to the
whole life of the School that can hardly be over-
estimated. It was mooted by ilacarthur. built by
Gray, ojjcned on the first Sunday of Harris's tenure.
It is not only architecturally a handsome l)uilding,
in excellent taste, which attracts visitors from far
and wide; it is also an instructive contrast to the rest
of the ])uildings — they so severely plain, and utili-
tarian, this so delicate and beautiful, every .stoiu' of
it lovingly carved. An unendowed School cannot
have "frills''; the one place where T.K.S. has spent
an "unnecessary" penny is, rightly, its Chapel. The

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

arcliiteets were so pleased to have at last sonietliing
to build that was not a warehouse or "pub.", so
glad to be told to plan a building worthy of its site
and its funetion. that they gave the reredos them-
selves. Certainly, they put their hearts into the
work. No detail is ever repeated; the building is
symmetrical and balanced, but even in little points
they lavished care to make it varied. We may well
be proud of it. But I hope ere long we will have
wiped off the reproach that it contains no memorials
of Broughton, Forrest, ilaeartlmr. or Harris.

The next great addition was the mass of red-lirick
that now rears itself on the Park side of the Lower
School. 'I"h(' new dining hall tluue ju-ovided was not

corner, near Pye's Cottage, in which ilr. Burkitt
kept pigeons, I believe. ]Mr. Forrest had a stone
stable near where the Chapel now stands.

The chief changes in the grounds that would be
noticed now are the al)olition of fences. The tall
paling fence that marked the Headmaster's drive
and groinids off from the playground was taken down
in 1908. The i)arapet (who built it?) was taken away
in 1908, and a concave bank of turf put in its place ;
the boys turfed this (they could not help them-
selves!): but they also turfed the space next the
drive volmitarily. Many little enclosures that were
fowl yards have disappeared ; l)ut the stories may
still 1)e told what desperate fellows we were when wo

satisfactory ; it contained less room than the old one.
In 1910, under the present architect, Mr. J. W. Hill,
a very skilful adaptation of tlie original plans gave
us the present dining hall, 100ft. by '.i'Zit., and a new
range of kitchen buildings, library, museum, and
class rooms.

The course of time has not only added, but swept
away, buildings chiefly of the smaller soi-t. Besides
those mentioned, the old Hospital and blasters' Cot-
tage, each facing Pennant-street, have gone, with
many memories of hospitality that clung to the latter.
In a lithograph of the School in 1857, which came
into my possession in a curious way, there are several
buildings which I cannot identify. One appears to
be the two-storied stable that stood in the N.W.

fished for fowl out of the back dormitory windows,
or threw boots at the Headmaster's pet cock, who
would crow all night just below! When we have
left school awhile, what "terroi's" we begin to find
that we were !

Some Other Changes.

The chief change is on the Park side, where a new
road now leads up to the kitchen. There, behind the
Gym., in what was the cow-yard, stands the Swim-
ming Bath. Mr. Corr has laid out these grounds ; a
lawu leads up to the Bath, kept well-watered by the
bathers who lounge awhile in the sun after a dive;
on either side are wattles and flowers, and on the
whole it is now a worthy approach to the view of the

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

School from the Park. The tine lucerne ptitch that
was the I'mit of ilr. Chainpion's care is n;)W no more:
the tjroiuul will piobably lie levelletl for cricket
wickets. The School Farm has removed the need for
it, and for the cow-bails, etc. The "bowliny- lawn"'
is now criclvct ])ractice-wickets.

Of two other points I would like to speak. The
School now accommodates fewer boys than ever
before; it is full with a1)out C3. The accommodation
is now provided by '"Houses" — not a private venture
of a master, but School Houses, as much a part of
the School as Upper School itself. The Old Govern-
ment House foinis a splendid addition lioth to our
room and to our prestige; it makes an ideal luiine for
the little boys. Broughton House, with its jn'etty
fii-ounds (once "Xewlands'). and ^Macarthur House
(once '"^Moreton House"), and the School Farm.

The King's School Chapel.

«('!•(' added in I'JOS. 11)11. and IIMIT respect i\'ely. and
Old Government House in lUld. The School now has
about 72 acres of land, iiid four "Houses," besides
the 2-10 acres of Park at luiv side. Its situation is a
great asset; fresh aii' and space mean nnich to a
crowd of boys.

The last point to notice is our ti'ces. One can get
other things in a hurry, but there is nothing ready-
made aboiri, a tine tree ; it is not only a beauty ; it
means history. And Parramatta is renowned for its
trees; and T.K.S. has some glorious specimens. There
is an avenue of oaks (old and scrubby, l)ut "real
English") leading up to ]Macarthur House. The
curved drives from the gates to Broughton House,
and from the Lodge to Old (ioverinnent House, are
of fine camphor laurels. During the last two years.
nearly 200 wattles have been planted at our Houses.

But the finest things we have are the plane trees
along the fence by the (Jym.. and the two really
splendid specimens of camiihor laurel in front of the
Headmaster's house. It would be a great satisfaction
if someone could tell when our trees were planted,
and whom we should thank when we look at their
rounded greenery and en.joy their cool sluide. When
the laurels are twinkling " 'twixt shadow and

sliade": and tlie white cedars aiv all ]uTfu.Mie a.nd
blossom; or the \vattles all golil. or the jacaranda
all jmrple; or when (only once in many years) the
Hame-tree by the Headma-ster's verantlah is a mass
of incredible ruby blossom. — truly no one who saw it
v.-ould feel that T.K.S should lie elsewhere than
wliri'c it has stood for its SO years.

"I'liirnit. Floret, et senipci- Kloreat."

y^fecv^'^^^^-,

ATHLETICS AT THE SCHOOL.

By Mr. W. Stewart Corr, M.A.

The name of The King's School has been so closely
associated with various forms of sport, that no
account of the School would l)e complete without
some reference to this important side of the School
life. Pel haps some people would cavil at the use of
tile word "important" in such a connection, and
indeed tlierc ai'e many who think that ton nni -u
iittcutiiin is given to games in our ])Hlilii; schools;
bul 1 \( ntuiT to think that sni-li opiniims are rather
I he result of igiuirance as to the attitude taken up
by the Schoiil authorities with regard to s|)oi'ts. At
'1 he King's School, as at most s<-hools of a similar
class, the idea has always l)een that the ])hysical
development of the boys is jus*; as nuich a part of the
school work as the training of their mental powers:
and so all g;imes are organised in such a manner that
e\-ery boy can get the best advantage out of them,
;ind by nudcing them practically comimlsory, it can
lie made certain that each boy gets an adeiiuate
amount of healthy exercise.

But the sciiool games, properly i-egulated. play a
far more important part than that of merely provid-
ing a means of taking exercise, or of acting as an
outlet for youthful energy ; for they are a big factor
in the discipline of a school. The boy who aspires
to the honour of being a member of the School
cricket eleven or the football fifteen, knows tliat the
first thing necessary is promjit obedience to orders,
and the throwing of the whole of his mental and
physical energy into the game. He must undergo
wearisome hours of practising the various points of
the game, so as to be ready for any emergency that
arises in an imjiortant match; he nuist subordinate
his own ideas to those of his captain and coach; au'l
above all. he must learn to Jilay the game, not for
his own gloi-ification, but for that of his team and his
school. And when these are the lessons that are
taught by our school games who will dare to say
that those ganu's do not play an important part in
the niak-ing oF our future citizens?

The Start in Athletics.

SiU'h being the attitude of the authorities of The
King's School, it is natural that School should have

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

a good record during the past forty years or so,
(luring wliieh the games have been considered an
important part of school life. Of course games have
always been played at the School since its oi>ening
in 1832, but in the early days cricket had not become
a universal game, and football was unknown. Foot-
racing there was, though no regular athletic
]neetings were held, and one hears of wild
struggles at "shinty,'' the forerunner of the modern
hockey, in which the boys of the "fifties" indulged
in the Park, to the detriment of their sliins ami to the
loss of their temper. Then came the early attempts
at cricket, with its old underhand bowling, and we
hear even of pon.y-racing when "mounts" were avail-
able. But it was not until the reconstruction of the
School under the Rev. G. F. IMacarthur in 1868, and
the advent of that great sporting enthusiast. Mr. W.
K. Burkitt. that the school as a whole took up games
seriousl\'.

As in all big schools the two chief games are cricket
and football, but for various reasons the latter game
has alwa.ys been the more popular at The King's
School. The chief of these reasons is that School
draws its boys mainly from the count). w The,v come,
on the average, for three or four years, and as the.y
usuall.v start as novices in all games, through lack of
opportunit.y of learning them on the far back station,
there is not tinu^" to make them into good cricketer's.
To football, however, they take like ducks to water.
as the.y can soon ])ick up sufticient knowledge of the
game to enable them to get sonu' en.io.\'ment out oi it,
and b.y the end of their second or third season the.v
nia.y become experts at it. And sn, in speaking of
King's School sport, football comes first to our mind.

Football in the '70 's.

The game was first introtliu'cd into the culony
about 1870. when the Universit.v Club was formed,
soon to be followed b.y the V7allaroo F.C. Then ;\lr.
Burkitt got the Headmaster's permission to intro-
duce it at the School, and from that time till now it
has l)eeii tiieir special game. For the lirsl I'cw years
the three clubs mentioned above were I he only ones
in existence in New South Wales, and llie.v met each
other about four times in that season. The Wal-
laroos soon came to be regarded as the special team
for old K.S. bo.x's to .join, and as very often present
boys played with that club, it was no unusual thing
in the "seventies" to find nearl.y the wluile Itmiii
made up of T.K.S. boys, past and present. This led
to some difficult.y at times; for instance in 1877, when
more than half the Wallaroo team were T.K.S. bo.vs,
and so. when these two teams had to meet, the bo.ys
easil.v defeated their rivals, who had to i)la.v with
onl.y half their regular team. In this .vear the School
actuall.y won the Premiership of the colon.v. though,
as their team was practicall.v the same as the Wal-
laroos, the latter club is down in the I'ccords as the
holders of the title.

Other schools now took up 1lie game, and N<'wing-
(iir College (then on the I'arramalta River) became
I he chief school rival. ITnfortunately there are no
recdi'ds of the eaily matches betwe(>n thi' two schools.

hut tradition has it that in the "70's" the older
school renuiined unbeaten.

In the 'SO's. as long as ?ilr. l>nrkitt was at the
School to imbue the i)o.vs with his unbounded energ.v,
and to keep them in condition b.v his .strenuous
system of earl.v nnii'iiing ti'aining. the School kept
u]) its re])utation of always turning out a strong
team; thouuh even tlicn thc.\' occasionall.v met more

V/. S;i:ua.t Corr.

than their match in Newingtou College, now removed
to Stanmore. But with Mr. Burkitt "s departure the
sporting spirit of the School seemed to decline, till it
reached its lowest point in 1888, when the School
(lid not win a single match in citlu'r cricket or foot-
ball.

Premiers Six Years Running.

This iicriod of ■■ilr.\- rot." however, was not to
last long, foi' If^SI' saw the advent of Dr. Harris as
Headmaster, and his great enthusiasm aud wonderful
power of getting the best out of every one soon had
its etfect. and in 1890 we find a 1cam of stalwarts,
led by E. A. Roberts, ready to do battle for the
School. In this year the Schools' Athletic Associa-
tion was organised. mainl.\- with the ob.iect of regu-
lating inter-school contests, on the basis that each
school was to meet evci'y olhcr competing school
twice each season in crickcl and ft)otball. This was
a vast improyemcnl on I he old s.vstem, or rather lack
of system, under which schools played once or twice,
lU' perhaps four times a season, .just as the fanc.y took
Ihera. In this yeai' the Rugby Union oifered a shield
for competition among th(> (Ireat Public Schools, the
condition bi'ing that it must ]io won three years in

]n()

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

siiccpssion. The King's School won this straight out,
and so tlie School Ccnnicil presented another shield
on the same terms. The School jiromptly annexed
this also, and the two sliields now hang in the dining
hall as permanent mementos of six years' successive
premierships. Of the winning teams that of 1892
was undoubtedly the best, and many critics think it
the best that the Sehool has had since the competi-
tion started. Its line was never crossed during the
whole season by a Sydney school, that honour being
reserved for All Saints' College, Bathurst, in the
final match for the premiership, and the record of
the Sehool in all school matches was 174 points to 7.
A. G. H. Gardner, captain, was centre three-(iuarter,
with A. F. ilanehee and S. ^laephail as halves; A.
Bon;l and S. ^loore, two sprinters, on the wings com-
pleted an attacking and defensive combination that
was unrivalled. Add to these a stalwart lot of for-
wards, including H. Lowcock. P. S. AVaddy (the
present Headmaster), W. White and J. Abbott, who
were liable at any time to start a passing rush on
their own account, and you have a team that justified
its title of "Champions."

During all these six years the winners' great rivals
were Xewington College, who generally ran them
very close, and in 1900 and 1904 had to play otf a
final match to decide the jireniiership.

Some Fine Footballers.

In 1896 Xewington won the coveted honour from
T.K.S. Then for two years the latter withdrew from
the competition for private reasons, joining in again
in 1899, when they were second to Sydney Grammar
School. Xewington won again in 1900. During this
period the School produced some fine footballers i"
the three Fntters. A. Verge. E. A. Barton. Docker and
others, wlio made their mark later in senior fool ball.
Then came another series of three successive M'ins in
1901-2-3. during which were many memorable con-
tests against Xewington, St. Joseph's and Sydney
Grammar School. AVith the last named school,
King's had three very exciting matches in 1903, the
results Ix'ing 0-0. 11-10. and in the final for the
liremiersliip .5-0. 'i'bc two Smiths. "Alac." and
"Bede," were the most prominent jilayers of this
period.

For tlie next three years the Sehool struggled
gamely with dimini.shed numbers to 7)iek from, but
St. Joseph's College secured the premiership for four
years. Then for two .vears tlie Church of England
Grammar School gained the honour, with their very
substantial teams Of 1908 and 1909. In 1910, how-
ever, victor.v smih'd once more on The King's School,
and the coveted shield (now a perpetual one) came
■"home" once more. It would have been fitting that
this Jubilee .vear should have l)een marked by again
bringing the honour to Parranuitta, but Xewington
College has proved too stnnig. and so the shield goes
to the old and honoui-able rivals of the past thirtv-
five .vears. and King's have to be content with second
place.

To enumerate the celebrated heroes of the football
field of the last forty years would be a long task.

The records of inter-State matches teem with them,
especially in the first twenty years before the field of
selection grew so large. Amongst the manv we may
mention are: — C. Tange, J. A. Brodie. the three
Baylis brothers, W. S. Brown. "Wally" Smith, C,
G. Wade (still (luoted as one of P^nglaud's greatest
three-quarters). H. E. Britten, C. A. White, W. A,
Rand, C. Keadford, J. and L. Wade; and in later
years P. 31. Lane. E. A. Roberts, C. Ellis, A. G. H.
Gardner. E. 'SI. Bowman, the three Fntters (J., F. and
v.), the two Smiths (Bede and 3Iac.), A. Verge,
X. R. Johnson and L. Reynolds. Hosts of others
equall.v good have not had the opportunit.v of playing
after leaving school, and so have been lost to senior
football. Of late .vears the tendenc.v has been for
bo.vs leaving school to join the Cit.v and Suburban
Association, in which the.v can clioose their own club
rather than be forced to play with the district in
wliieh the.\' happen to reside.

Half a Century's Cricket.

Turning now to cricket, the other important school
game, though we have not such a great measure of
success in School Premiership contests to chronicle,
still for over half a centur.v a high standard of
cricket has been maintained, and an.v talent for the
game that ajipeared in the School has been developed
b.v careful coaching. Twice since the foniulation of
the Schools' Athletic Association have the blue and
white colours been carried to victorv — in 1892 and
in 1899. And on five other occasions, including last
season, second honours have fallen to their lot. In
the "nineties" there were man.v notable battles with
the crack cricketing school. Sydney Grammar School,
for suprenmc.v. One of them, in 1894, furnishes
(>videuce as to tlie sporting spirit that the School
prides itself in maintaining in all its games — and on
that account merits special mention. It was the last
match of the season, and. as the two schools were
e(|ual in points, the winning of the Premiership
dejiended on this match. It was a close struggle, and
there came a time when the (irammar School had
eleven runs to make with their last man in. The
batsman smote at the ball, whieli hit the edge of his
bat. rose a few- yards into the air. and found a rest-
ing place in the wicket-keeper's hands. The match
was over and tlie victor.v won, and the excited team
started for the pavilion in glee, when the voice of the
umpire stop|)ed them. No one bail tlumght of
ajipealing to him. as the catcli was so obvious. Now
some one said "How's that, uni|)ire.'" "Xot out"
was the astonishing repl.v — astonishing alike to both
teams. Tlien the K.S. captain (C. A. Jaques) called
his team back and the.v resumed the game without a
murmur, and saw victor.v turned to defeat as the
batsmen made the necessary runs. The Grammar
School autluu'ities. in a very si>orting spirit, offered
to give T.K.S. the matcii. l)ut this offer could not be
aecepted. as the umpire's decision must be final, and
so the Premiership for that vear was lost. In another
match played a week later, which their opponents
offered to them to decide which was the better team,
The King's School boys won easily.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

101

A Big Score.

Lodkiiig back to the cai'ly ilay.s of tlie Scliool we
hear of a School teani playing a Sydney team in
Hyde Park as early as 1850, so that the game must
have been practised assiduously even then. There
were no other schools to play, so the matches of
which there are records were against the Parramatta
team or Sydney visitors. In the '60 's we have R. A.
and P. I\I. Waddy playing for the State. When we
get to th(> .seventies we hear of matches against other
schools. Sydney (Irammar School and Newington
(College, which were played more or less regularly.
In 1876 the Schot)l put up what was the record total
of the State for an innings, viz.. 532, against a private
school kept by Mr. Southey, at Mittagong. To this
total J. Ilillas contri))nted 120, W. S. Brown (the
present School doctor) 114, E. Pell 105 and ('. (_1.
Wade (late Premier) i)5. This remained the reccjrd
score of the colony for some years.

Coming to more recent years some names stand out
prominently of boys of the School who have had the
opportunity of kcejiing up their cricket. Amongst
these we can mention the two Hettingtons (J. B. and
J. H.) ; S. R. Walford: the three Waddys. sons of a
cricketing "old boy" — P. S., who played for O.xford,
and after his return to the State put up 93 and 102
playing for Maitlaud v. an English XI., E. F. and
E. L., who have reju-esented the State many times
and are "still going strong''; L. W. Pye. the two
Futter.s (Frank and Victor), who played for Sydney
University; A. and N. Ebsworth, IL ('. i^la.xland,
Fred. Body, Verge. E. E. Body. W. A. Walford and
S. Ayres.

One thing that militates against King's School
boys being prominent in the cricketing world is the
fact that most of them go back into the country after
leaving school, and never again get an op])ortunity

for regular practice, aiul s iiny primising criidxct-

ers are lost.

Other Games.

Of the other ganu^s of the School the ainiual atii-
letic sports meeting deserves most notice. This meet-
ing is held in the interval between the football and
cricket seasons, and for a few weeks the playing
fields are filled with ardent sprinters in strenuous
preparation for the ))ig day. when, before the eyes of
an admiring thrcuig of mothers and "sisters and
cousins and aunts" they will eiuleavour to gain pos-
session of sonu= of the ti'mptiiig array of trophies
which their friends have ottered as the rewards of
victory.

At odd times lennis is indulged in at the various
School Houses, but, though it is increasing in popu-
larity, it cannot be called as yet a genuine K.S. ganu'.

Lastly we must mention ritle shooting, a sport
which came over to us in the migration from ilac-
quarie Fields, and has been kejit up ever since. The
long distance from the Randwick range has hereto-
fore limited this sport to a few enthusiasts, but of
late yeans it has grown in pojuilarity. and the win-
ning of the Schools Challenge Shield last year and
the Rawson Cup this \-ear has I'lmsed more

enthusiasm. With the opening of a range clo.se at
hand there is no doubt that tliis very useful form of
amusement will be taken up keenly by the majority
of the senior boys, who will have an adtlitioual
incentive in the fact that in this sport, above all
others, they are preparing themselves to be of use
to their country in time of need.

C<^ c^^

THE KING'S SCHOOL OLD BOYS' UNION.

By Mr. J. H. M. Abbott, Author of "Tommy Cornstalk." etc., etc.

There are not very many manifestations of the
sentiment of mankind which may be looked for
with certainty — very few of which it is possible to
say truthfully. "Just so — exactly what was to be
expected." Man is an uncertain beast. He is geuer-

♦

^'■■^■■

Rev. Edward Harris, D. D.

ally only consistent in his inconsistency. It is not
easy to predict what he will do next. He usually does
the unexpected.

But he has a few charactei isl ic trails which do
not seem to fail, a few iiinrni and uienlal imi)ulses
which are fairly to be cniinlcd on. I'nssilily they are
niiii'c Ihan a lew, lie will light I'lir his food, his
womankind, and his otTspriui;. lie will i-esiMit all

102

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

injury, and occasionally l)e grateful for a kiudness.
Of these almost elemental indications of his posses-
sion of feelintrs. it is safe enou.uh to feel sure. And
of a few of them, havinir to do with his relations
with his fellow man. there is a possibility of lookin<r
for a display luider given circumstances. For
instance, he may always be counted upon to reganl
with friendliness and kindliness other men with
whom he has been associated in periods of happiness
or of danger. You will almost invariably find that
men who have soldiered together, and men who have
been shipmates, and men wlio have been to school
together have an instinctive regard for one another
which is wholly ineradicable. They will always be
glad to meet, and will nearly always hasten to take
each other's part, or to assist one another when there
is a necessity for assistance. It is this sort of primi-
tive instinct which is accountable for the formation
of Old Boys' Unions. It was very strongly account-
able for the formation of the first association of its
kind in Australia — The King's School Old Boys'
Union. The regard for the School, and for one
another as part of the School, has always been the
most strongly cultivated sentiment of any that mem-
bers of the School have had to do with. It has
literally been what might be taken as the essential of
the whole spirit of the teaching of The King's School.
Ever since tlie little old-fashioned house in George-
street saw the lieginnings of the School — nearly
eighty years ago — or rather, as soon as. in the course
of a year or two, there began to be old King's School
boys, the feeling of devotion to the School, pride in
having been a student there, and determination to
further its interests wherevei possitde. has been a
strongly fixed part of every old boy's subsecjnent
life. The School has ;dways been in touch with its
past. Any old imy mi^ht be sure of a welcome
whenever and however he migiit re-visit Parramatta.
Cricket and footiiall matches between the Present
and the Past have always been [.ronnnent fixtures in
the sporting calendar of tlu> School. Any occasion
that brought old Imys .■ihnut I hi' place has always
been regarch'd as a high festival — chiefiy for the
reason that it helped to connect to-day and yesterday
in the history of Ihc School. There has always been,
since 1832. a sml (if informal and undefined union
amongst old King's School boys — none the less strong
and sure because it was vague and unrecognised. The
spirit of union has always existed since the School
began to exist — since "Long Bob" administered
eane, and "Slender Jane" was liberal with physic.
But it was not until sixty years of the School's life
had gone by that any attempt was made to organise
jiroperly such a society as the present Old Boys'
Union.

It is a curiously fitting thing that the germ of the
itlea of an Old Boys' Union should have originate 1
in the mind of the Kev. G. P. ilacarthur long l)efore
its constitution took place. In 1880 the "old chief
instituted the annual observance of Commemoi-ation
Day (February 13) at the School, and. during the
course of an address to those who W(>i-e uatliered
togethci (Ui that nccasinn. In- said: —

"The first great purpose I have to-day is this. — I
propose by an annual commemoration day to cele-
brate the opening of the School on the 13th Febru-
ary. 1832, the birthday of high-class education in
Australia, and for ever to connect it with the nauK'
of Robert Forrest; and my second gri-at purpose is
to make these annual commenujrations conducive to
the union and loyal fealty of any boy who can claim
this School as his 'Alma Mater.' For all such in time
of trouble here he will find a true rest. I am sure if
our old and revered Head blaster could s[)cak to me
to-day he woidd say, 'You are acting rightly — do all
y(ni can to keep old boys together and to attract
llicin to tlic Old School."

But "Old Mae." was in his grave before his idea
took shape in the definite formation of a Society
whose aim was to foster the notion that a boy's
departure from the School did not terndnate his
coniu^ction with it. and to take practical stejis to
ensure the complete federation of Past and Present.
And it was one of Mr. ]\Iacartliur's boys — one who
had heard the address quoted above — who realised
the dream of continuity' which Mr. iMacarthur
enunciated thirty years ago. The seed which the
latter had sown in his Commemoration speech had
taken a long time to germinate, but at last it was to
come to life, and to gi-ow steadily and strongly into
the sound and healthy organisation of to-day. The
Old Boy who had listened to the words of the dead
Chief, and does not seem to have forgotten the letter
or the spirit of them, was "Alf. "Wilkie"' — alias Jli'.
A. B. Wilkinson. It is not fiattery to say that to ^Ir.
Wilkinson, more than to any one else, is credit due
for the bringing about of the pi-actical beginnings of
the Union.

It was not an easy undertaking. First of all it was
necessary to <'ompile a roll of Old Boys — or as many
Old Boys as it was possible to reach fairly con-
veniently. The full roll is not complete yet. But the
enci-getic founder of the Union hunted up a large
number of names, and set about getting the owners
of thciii uiiu-c or less fandliar with the idea whose
realisalion he was striving to achieve. Then he
diafted a scheme for the constitution of the I'liiou
and convened a meeting of well-known Old Boys to
consider it. He called to his assistance three other
well-known Old Boys, representing different
decadi's in the life of the School. Sir Francis Suttor
(1860), :\Ir. J. A. Brodie (1870). and Mr. E. A.
Roberts (1890). and it was over two of their names
that the scheme was launched, the foundation meet-
ing held, and the King's School Old Boys' Union —
the pioneer of many other sinnlar orgaidsations in
Australia — established on Jiuie 21. 1893.

In the first annual report of the Committee of the
I'nion (1894) there is an interesting description of
the first steps in its formation, which is worth quoting
hi-i-c. An extract from it reads as follows: —

"At the suggestion of several Old Boys a circular
was sent to such of the Old Boys of The King's
SchiKil. luid the School formei'ly condiu-ted by the
l{r\. {',. F. Macarlliui- at Macquarie Fields, whose
addresses wcM'c known, inviting them to a meeting to

THE JTiBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

103

coiisidri' tile dcsirahilit y of cstahlishinu' an (.)U1 I'jovs"
Union for llu- purpose of prcsLTving and fostering-
an interest in tlie afifairs and well-being of the
present School. The inaugural meeting was accord-
ingly held, with the i>eriiiission of Dr. Harris, the
Head blaster, at the School, on "ilsl of -lune. 189:5. al
which there was a large attendance. Certain resolu
tions were submitted and a sub-committee appointed
to frame a constitution for consideration at a future
meeting, which was held on the l!.Sth of August fol-
lowing, when the present constitution was adopteil
and the Union formed. Since then the Committee,
b.v the issue of circulars and personal canvass, have
obtained an enruhnent of 1'JI) memhers. A registei'
has been opened containing tlie names and addresses

lo the Si'hooi, and 1hi' work of tlu'ir Union b.v
members generali.w '1 he Committee would impress
on the minds of mendiers that the working uf the
Union will not at the present, nor for some time to
come, be experienced in the marlced aetivit.v and
prominence of thi' Union, but in the stead,v work of
cementing togi-tin'i- the interest of all Old Bo.ys for
occasions when unily in their ranks will be of service
in advancing tl:c well-being of the School."

That w;is the first record of progress which the
new Union had to make. Since it was made nearl,v
two decades have gone by, and the record of the
Union to-day is one of man.v achievenu'iits. and alto-
gether too large a oiu^ to l)e set forth here in detail.
With the minute books to assist, with a gieat nianv

Old Government House before it was transformed into a School House.

of the members, anil such information in regard to
their careers as ma.\' be interesting both to tin'
members of the Union and to the students ;it the
School, and it is intended to utilise the School ilaga-
zine as a means of circulating the inf(U-mation thus
collected. It has been thought desirable to establish
centres in the jn-incipal towns of New Soutii Wales
and other colonies, under the charge of local assistant
secretaries, in order to create and sustain a stronger
interest in the ob.jects of the Union, and to generally
extend its work ; already secretaries have been
appointed at several places. As will be understood,
the actual work of the Committee has been spent on
preliminary matters and d<?tail. the result of which
can only l)e tested by time, and will depend greatly
on the amount of interest taken in matters relating

(itlier sources of information to draw upon for a
comjjilation of its history, and with the experiences
and reminiscences of many ofhce-holdcrs in its
administration to fall back upon, the writer of this
lirief memoiial of it can only confess that a full
account of its life and work is altogether beyond the
scope of his article. It only remains to be said of it
that its success has been full and comi)lete, that it
has worthily fulfilled its ob.jects. and that its mere
existence has been a source of strength to the present
life of the School and to the lives of its members. In
every way it has realised the hopes of the great man
who spoke thirty years ago as to his trust in what
the animal Commemoration would stand for, as being
"conducive to the union and loyal fealty of every
boy who can claim this School as his Alma Mater."

104

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

It has (Iciiii- tliat and iiioi-c. It has made it possible
that with every boy who enters The King's School
there may remain an abiding and sustaining thought
of great value to him and of great comfort in his
after life. And this thought is that he may always
remain a King's School boy. So long as he lives he
may go to Parramatta, drop the mantle of his years
and cares, and become, in the happiness of his recol-
lections, as much a boy again as when he played
football in the beautiful old Park, raided oranges in
the Toongabbie orchards, or drilled on the flat below
the Parapet. Nothing can take that iirivilege from
him. He is a King's Schoul lioy until he dies, and
when he does die — whether his memory be a notal)le
one or an obscure — he still has been an Old Boy.
Which, even if he should chance to be hanged, is
something to his credit.

It is difficult to select anyone for particular men-
tion as having done more than another to further
the interests of the organisation. The writer is not
going to attempt to do so. But he is going to men-
tion one name which ever\- Old Boy will readily
admit tleserves such mention. In this connection it
is a name that is synonymous with enthusiasm,
energy, unselfishness, painstaking endeavour, and
entire good fellows-hip. It is necessary to put it in a
•sentence by itself. It is Sid. Baydell.

The roll of Head Masters contains the names of
men who may well be placed in the same class as the
great Arnold of Rugby For tliey have not alone
influenced the history oi' The King's School. Their
sjilendid personalities and powers for good have
intluenced the history of Australia. In year.s to come
it will lie recognised, even more fully than now, that
some of them have clone maeli in the making of our
new nation. They will have influenced for the best
the lives of men whom they never saw and to v\'hoin
their lives are but a tradition. When he w;is leaving
the School to become an Old Boy himself, Edward
Harris said some words that seem to express the
spirit of the School, Past and Present, better than it
was ever expressed before or since. He said:

''Those who are leaving us are going to carry the
banner of our school high wherever they may be. so
that it may be said that The King's School turns out
Christian gentlemen. To those of you who are
coming back, I would like to say that the time oi'
transition is a very difficult time, and I hope all who
come back will resolve that the future shall be a
great deal better than the past. If you make .i]>
your minds to this, it shall be. No one will re.ioice
more than the one who is speaking, if the days of
Harris's headmastership are forgotten in more bril-
liant records. Our successes in the past are more
than I should have expected to see, antl I hope those

successes will lie the standard of the future.
I am sure I am full of a feeling of gratitude to God
for guiding our steps here, and of gratitude to the
men and boys who have made it possible for me to
hand on my burden to a younger shoulder. Thank
you. boys!"

Nobody ever knew bettei-. or strove harder to
imjiress others with the fact, that the maintenance
of the School, ami of the Union which is a part of
the School, was bound uj) in the maintenance of lofty
ideals. It is such a spirit that has made the Past,
stands for the Present, and expresses the Future of
The King's School.

j./f:?^ Mi^^

The First Officers of the O.B.U.

It is interesting to note here the names of
the first office-bearers of the Union: President, the
Rev. Dr. Harris: Vice-Presidents. Sir Joseph Abbott,
the Veil. Archdeacon (iunther. \Villiaiii Dalmas. Dr.
E. J. Jenkins. (;. B. Forster; Committee. Rev. H.
Wallace Jlort. S. W. Dowling. R. II. Bode. E. A.
Roberts. W. R. F. Burkitt. II. W. Gillam. J. A.
Brodie. G. W. Ash, W. S. Corr; Hon. Treasurer. C.
C. S. (iarling: Joint Hon. Secretaries. J. A. I. Perry
and A. B. Wilkinson.

The Present Off.cers.

In all those years since "!J3 there have lieen a great
many oflice-holders in the Union. They cannot all
1)1' mentioned here, and having given the earliest list,
we must content ourselves with the present one,
which is:— Patron. The Rev. Stacy Waddy, M.A.;
President, The Hon. Mr. Justice Priug; Vice-Presi-
dents (Town), The Hon. C. G. Wade. K.C., M.L.A.,
I. B. Keys. A. W. I. .Alacansh, J. Russell French, H.
M. Shelley. Dr. Chisholm Ross. (Country) A. G.
White. J. B. Bettington. The Hon. E. B. Fon-est,
il.L.A.. The Rev. A. H. Champion, M.A.. Sylvester
Brown. R. J. C. Maddrell, sen.; Committee, G. W.
Ash, D. ilaughan, M. Abbott, M. Massev-Westropp,
H. A. I. Smith, J. M. Maughan. A. D. Mitchell. W.
A. Walford. C. E. Manning, Rev. F. T. Perkins;
Countrv Representatives, R. D. Wiseman, G. A. Read,
E. E. i. Body, E. K. Tully. Lionel .Manchee; Hon.
Treasurer, R. JI. Shannon : Hon.
Harvey; Assistant Hon. Treasurer,
Assistant Hon. Secretary, A. G. H.
Auditors, W. F. A. Lareombe and C. A. White.

Secretary, Neil

Boyd Edkins;

Gardiner; Hon.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARR AM ATT A.

105

The National School.

WHILST it does not fall within the seope of
this work to enumerate, or to detail the
liistory of. the many excellent educational
institutions which are conducted by private citizens,
mention must he made of the first national or public
school of Parramatta, and of its successors to-day.
And here a word by way of introduction may be
interestiui;' to some readers.

In the old days the State showed its interest in the
education of the rising generation in two way.s.
There were four religious denominations in the en-
joyment of State aid — the Church of England, the
Roman Catholics, the Presbyterians, and the Wes-
leyans. Each of these had schools, o1¥icered l)y men
of their own choosing, conducted according to their
own systems, and. to a certain extent, suppoi't-jd by
them. And to each of these schools grants were
annually made by the State. This is M'hat is known
as the Denominational System, and it is not trench-
ing on forbidden controversial ground to say that it
answered its purjiose to a certain extent for some
time.

But there were people t)utsi(-le these four religious
bodie.s who did not approve of the denominational
teaching imparted. They had children of a school
age, and it was early recognised that it was against
public policy to allow these children to grow up
without the adecjuate education whicli could only be
assured Ijy State aid. Wherefore National Schools
were established in various centres, which were
under the control of local boards appointed and sub-
sidized by the state — these again under a central
board — and which did not give the distinctive
religious instruction imparted by tiic deiiiniiiiiational
schools.

Such a school was opened in George-street, Parra-
matta. a couple of years after the institution of
municipal government — on October 28, 1863, to be
exact. The school was unique in this respect — that,
whereas similar undertakings in other parts of New
South Wales were engineered and fostered by boai'ils
composed of leading men, this one owed its oi-igiu
and its useful existence to the teacher, Mr. J. II.
Murray — father, by the way. of the Murray Brothers,
an old business tiriii of Church-street. These
Murray Brothers — or some of them — had indeed an
important part to play in the school their father
opened. "How many pupils will you have, Mr.
Murray?" inciuired a friend a couple of days before
that fixed for the opening. "I don't know," said
Mr. Murray, "but I'm sure of seven at lea.st."

"Seven!" exclaimed the other — it was the late Mr.
Sanuiel Burge — "luiw can .\'ou be suri- of them?"
"Tiiey're m.v own children." was the c-imvincing
repl.v.

Success crowned .Mr .Jluira.x's elforls. thanks
mainly to the genius of the man and to his abilit.v
to inspire others with like enthusiasm. He was cold-
shouldered and blocked at the outset. Thus, he
Utiturall.v wanted civic approval of his effort, but
this was refused liim by the then JIa,v;)r. ilr. (after-
wards the Hon.) James B.vrnes. who ol)iected on the
ground that he did not approve of a National School.
as the National Board wanted to grab everything.
This notwitlistanding. the o|)eiiinu' of the scht)ol was
a successful function, and .Mr. .Murray continued his
good work for sonu? eight .vears. when he went to
take charge of a Sydney scliool. It is noteworthy
that the chairman of the farewell banrpu^ in his
honor was Jlaynr C. J. B.vrnes. the sdu of the man
who had refused oflieial recognition to .Mr. .Miiii-ay's
elforts in 186-'i

The Two State Schools.

To-(biy. Ihei'e are two great State schools in I'ai'-
ramatta. <)ue of these is the District School, which
was establisheil in 1873, and which was formerl,v the
Presbyterian School under the Board of Denomina-
tional Education. It is a first-class school, covering
about two acres of ground, and it has accommodation
for 39() bo.vs, -too girls, and 352 infants of l):)th sexes,
the staff of 27 teachers being considered sufficient.
The Parramatta North Superior Public School, cov-
ering an area of under a couple of acres, is a second-
class school, and has, according to the official figures,
seven teachers to 440 pupils in the boys', girls' aiul
infants' departments.

(ireat improvements have lieen made at the Parra-
matta District School, where 1201) of our boys and
girls are being fashioned into men and women, well-
ecpiipped in knowledge and character, for the duties
and responsibilities of life in front of them. The
money figures in connection with the contract for
alterations and repairs have run into between £2000
and £3000; and the school has been made one of the
finest estaldislunents. in respect of comfort from good
lighting and proper ventilation, in the State. A num-
ber of the old windows have been enlarged, and the
old walls have been pulled down, and light glass par-
titions provided, which will go to help to make it
possible for the staff to do even better work in the
future than has been accomjilished in the ])ast. Prac-
tically three new class-rooms — commodiou.s, airy

lOG

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARK AM ATT A.

jind s|ili'ii(li(lly lighted — luive lircii in-ovidi'd. A]\
ol'ticc. a room wanted l)adly in all sueh establish-
ments, is beini;' provided; also, that great boon to
any district, a convenient and pro])erly-fittcd kinder-
garten room. The playground, in wet weather too
often in a boggy condition, is receiving attention : l)ut
a-simple and cheap and wisely thought-out sy.stem of
sulwoil drainage, with the aid of pipes, ashes, sand
and i-ubble. max- lie necessarv l»efore a u'ood result is

secured. Tlic lower slopes of a cla\' hill, even
asphalted, give but poor results in v\-et weather from
attempts to shift sloiijjy spots. Now such spots are
Iteing removed from one place to another. A little
simple science needs to be devoted to the task of
getting the water away naturally iiilu the street
gutters or storm-water drains at llu- lowest con-
venient point.

The Executive Committee of the Parramatta District Progress Association.
Standing: Jas. Dennis, Chas. E. Rawlinson. S. M. Dennis. Sitting: John H. Murray, W. F. Jago, J. W. Hill, J. Arundel, T. R. Barber.

This organisation is the legitimate successor of tlie old Parramatta Progress Association, and was established in
1906. Under its present President, Alderman .F. W. Hill, J. P., much solid work has been done by the Association, which
aims at co-operating as far as possible with the Municipal Council,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

107

I.— VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

THE military establishment of the First Fleet
eonsisted (if four eomp<inies of niMrines (160
men) nnder a commandant, ^lajor Robert
Ross, two eajitains eommandiiii;' eomi)anies, two cap-
tain lieutenants, nine first and four second lieuten-
ants. Then there was an adjutant aiul a i|uarter-
master. Of all these officers only twt) made their
mark in the history of Australia — 1st Lieutenant
(afterward.s Major and Colonel) (ieorfjfe Johnston,
who placed Governor Bligh under arrest in 1808. and

Dr. Walter Brown.
First Captain of the Parramatta Volunteer Rifles.

^iid Liculcnant Willi;im Dawes, who knew somethinsi'
alxiiit astronomy as well as of engineerin,u- and artil-
lery, and wlio christened the point in Sydney Harbor
\\\uvh still bears his name. The marines were under
lluee years' engagement, and, when this term was
(h'awing to an end. all but nine officers and men
ilcclincfl to prolong their stay. Fortunately for the
( liivcnioi-. part of the New South Wales Corps, after-

wards 102nd Regiment, arrived in the middle of
1790, and the balance, under Lieut.-Goveruor Francis
Grose, in December. 17'.)"_*. From this time on to 1870
Australia was garrisoned by Imi)erial troops, main-
tained by the Imi>erial Government. In 18o0 Dow-
ling-street suggested to .Macipiarie-street that the
cost should be borne iiy the eoliiny ; but the sugges-
tion was coldly received. Twenty years later the
troops were withdrawn.

But long before this tlie colonists hail shown that
they were ready, if need arose, to protect their
country or to help in protecting it. The 18th century
had closed in (h'cp luiresl. A learned Fellow of
Trinity College, Duljlin — stronghold of conservatism
and of Protestant ascendancy in Ireland — could
bravely in(|uire years later, "Who fears to speak of
'98?" hut, at the time, people spoke of it with the
utmost precaution; and in this colony, to which ))cr-
sons who had or had not been implicated in the rising
had been trans])ortctl in numbers, there was a very
real feeling that the "reljels" had presei-ved their
disloyalty intact whilst ei-ossing the world of waters.
Added to this, thei-e was the bogey of Napoleonic
conquest. Obviously, it there were any rising
amongst the discontenteil in the settlement or any
invasion in force, the militar\- would be luiable to
cope with this new danger. i)esides attending to their
oidiiuu'.v dut.v of |)reserving order amongst the eoi\-
victs and the rrimiinil popnlalinn. and of i)rotecting
the lives and pr(i|'ert.\- dl tlie people. For. it will be
rememljered, there was not a policeman in Australia
until 1833, when an act was passed establishing such
M force for S.vdne.\-. In this emergenc.v. (jovernor
llnnter appealetl to the patriotism of the people, and
"The Loyal Sydne.\- and Pari'amatta Association"
was formed in ISdd "to protect public and private
property and to assist the militar\- in the presei'va-

tion of order.'

ere were

50 men in tlie Sxilnev

corps — all properl.N' eipiipped and clothed in regi-
mentals — under the eoniniainl of Captain Thomas
Rowle.v; and the same niimlier in I'arramatta. simi-
larl.v trained. ei|uiii|)eil ami habited, under the
command of ^Ir. James Thoiiijison ; the officer com-
manding both bodies being Captain William Balmain.
The Loyal S.vdney and I'arramatta Association
maintained its useful existence until, the immediate
necessit.v for its aid having disa]ipearcd, it was
disbanded in 1810.

The volunteer mo\i'nieiit lalignished now until the
time of the earliest Russian scarc--that created by
the Crimean War. in 1S.")4 i'arliaiiient passed the
^'^ohlnteer Corps .\ct, and, some modifii'atinns having

108

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARR A MATT A.

been found necessary in the enrolment and so forth,
companies were formed in 1860 in the various
centres. Amongst these was the "Parramatta
Volunteer Rifles," which was enrolled, on September
28, I860, in the old School of Arts, at the corner of
Marsden and Phillip streets, opposite the Hospital.
The Captain was Dr. W. Brown, father of Dr. Sigis-
mund and Alderman E. J. Brown ; ]\Ir. Neil Stewart,
whose portrait in all the glory of his 95 vigorous and
useful years appears elsewhere, was 1st Lieutenant,
and Mr. T. A. M. White was Ensign. Amongst the
72 members of the rank and file one recognises such
names as F. Armitage, H. and C. J. Byrnes, J. C.
Barker, J. Brogden, R. and C. R. Blaxland, C.

Captain J. E. Cuyot.

Cawood (the volunteer of longest continuous service
in Ansti-alia. whose portrait api)ears elsewhere).
P. Faithful. I). I). Henderson. Dr. Andrew Ilouison,
four Neales (J. R., G. W., W. H., and J. T.). S.
Payten, Dr. Pringle, W. and R. A. Ritchie, Gilbert
Smith. E. H. Statham, George Suttor, J. Taylor, L.
J. Trollope (Acting Headmaster of The King's
School before the interregnum). F. T. Watkins. aiul
R. Waddy (father of the present Head-master of The
King's School. ^Members provided Ihcii' own
uniform, and the (ioverumeut provided tlu'Ui witli
Henry rifles and bayonets. Whilst there seemed any
necessitv. thev drilled twice a (bn- in the Militarv

Buildings in George-street, and on the site of the
District School. They tackled their duty manfully,
and that their efforts were highly ajipreciated by the
townsjieople is shown, amongst other ways, by the
presentation of camp colors, by the ladies. Captain
(now Major) Brown retired before long and was
succeeded by Captain H. Byrnes, Mr. John Taylor
became Lieutenant in the room of Mr. Stewart and
j\Ir. Gilbert Smith Ensign when Mr. White resigned.
The uniform was deservedly popular in Parramatta.
especially after its change from the ilark blue serge
coat, white trousers and peaked cap of 1860, to the
pepper-and-salt tweed .jacket and trousers, with
green facings, and a shako. The corps became adepts
at rifle-shooting, the names of C. Crouch. F. Drink-
water. R. ilacdonald, sen., A. Newling and P. Tersoke
being especially distinguished. Besides the shooting
on the old Rifle Range, members engaged in rifle
matches with other companies, and displayed their
prowess in Dubbo, Goulburn, Orange and other
towns. All the time they kept themselves in good
military order, and when, in 1885, New South Wales
despatched a contingent to the Soudan, Parramatta
volunteers were to the fore. The members actually
selected were : Corporal G. Watt, Lance-Corporal W,
Breeknoldt, and Privates S. Adams, Berry, W. Cox,
E. W. Ilerrington. G. Caisserley, W. J. Williamson, I,
Tyler, and G. Boulton, and an ex-member, E, Coates.
When Captain Byrnes resigned on his appointment to
a police magistracy, he was succeeded by Lieut. T.
Barnett. who. however, soon had to retire for a
similar reason, when Captain W. J. Ferris took com-
manil. In 1S96 he retired with the rank of ilajor —
he is now Lieut. -Colonel Ferris, V.D. — and was suc-
ceeded b.v Captain T. J. O'Reilly, who retained his
position till his untimelx- and regretted death in 1900.
when Captain J. P]. (iuxnt. still in command, w:is
promoted to his office. When volunteers were called
for in the Boer War. Parramatta sent: Privates G.
Boulton. L. C. Hill, and E, E. llines with the first
N.S.W. contingent; and Sergeant R. W. Spurwa.w
and Privates A. Peek. F. Bathie and H. G. Crisp wilii
"draft contingents." Of these, few but flt. all
returned safe and siumd with the (^xceptiim ol'
Private L. C. Hill, who succumbed to enteric fever
the scourge of our troops in the S'luth African war.

Till' fdllnwin!: liave lieeii the officers of the
company duiiug tlie 51 years of its existence.
ColiHiels llolliorow, Farrell. Guest and Lann-ock
being the O's.C. of the two regiments to wliieli it has
at various tinu's lieeii attached: —

Captains, — Walter Brown. II. -1. l>\i'nes.
Ferris. T. J. O'Reillv. .1, Iv (iuvc'it.

W. J.

Lieutenants. — Neil Stewart. John Taylor, E.
(ireenup. Gilbert Smith, W. J. Stephenson, T.
Ibirnett. J. Ritchie, A. G. Christian.

Ensii-ns and 2nd Lieutenants.— T. A. :\I. White, C.
i. Watt. Dowell O'Reilly, J. Creagh, E.
Docker, G. N. Roche. J. Hughes, A. R. Avres,
R. Rowe, E, H, S. Guyot.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

109

II.— CAVALRY.

Parraniatta is the lieachiuartcrs of the New South
Wales Cavalry — famous as Laueers. to be celebrated
henceforth as the 1st Australian Lig-ht Horse Regi-
ment.

Famous as Lancers. — Witness, three expeditions to
England, luidertaken at the sole expense of the
Regiment ; offer of troops for service in India ; des-
patch of the first contingent to South Africa, at regi-
mental expense ; supplying horses from New South
Wales to mount the Lancer detachment in South

Brigadier-Col. Burns.

Africa, free of cost to tlie Government: mounting
Imperial Cavalry while in New South Wales at tho
inauguration of the Commonwealth, and nniintaining
the finest monnteil band in Australia.

Famous as Lancers on foreign service. — Witness,
the Si general engagements and the 12 min(n- engage-
ments in which they took part in the Uoer War
during the year. November, LSOf), to October, 1900.
They idayed tlieir part like men in the gloomy days
called to tile iiii'iiiiiry b,y the repetition of the names

of Modder River and Magersfontein. They helped
to relieve Kimberley, they were present when Cronje
was forced to surrender at Paardeberg, and they
marched with Roberts into Bloemfontein. When
they released the prisoners at Waterval they were
doubly rewarded, for amongst the soldiers whom
they set free were comrades in arms reported
"missing"' from previous engagements. Nor did the
I'arramatta half-squadron pass through the campaign
without loss, amongst the 41 casualties occurring the
names of Corporal Kili)atrick, died of wounds; (Cor-
poral R. E. Harkus and Trooper L. D. Tunks, died
of enteric ; Trooper G. E. L. Doudney, taken prisoner,
and several who were near death's door through
enteric. Here are the names of the ofificers and men
com[>osing the Parraniatta half-s(|uadron : Captain C.
F. Cox; Sergeants E. A. Houston, E. Luke and S. R.
Fallick; Cori)orals P. Kil[>atrick and R. E. Harl<us:
Trumpeter A. Harnett; Troopers W. II. Ilillis, J. \V.
Watts, B. H. Harrison, II. J. Skipper, N. Milling, A.
Fitzsimmons, J. A. Weston, J. Bvrne, G, Doudney,
A. J. Slattery, A. G. P>alv. D. "t. Ilolborrow, A.
McManis, A. E. Mvers. A. Whitnev, L. 1). Tunks, H.
A. Artlett, 0. L. Milling. S. Baly. G. C. Ilillis and E.
A. Withers; and Batmen E. Wilson. .\. \. liurgin and
C. Lamli.

The history of the Lancers does not go further
hack than 1885, when the "Sydney Light Horse"
was enrolled, to be converted before the end of the
year into Lancers at the instance of JIajor-General
Richardson on his return from the Soudan. The
only volunteer lancer corjis in the world, the soldiers
hacl to pay for their uniform — £60 for officers' full
dress, and £10 for men — and, in the absence of lances,
they drilled with bamboo fishing rods, with pennants
tied to the ends. In 1886 they were placed on the
partially-paid establishment, and five years later tin:;
splendid band was organised. The officers taxed
themselves for this, however, they finding horses,
saddles, instruments, and nuisic. etc

In the early part of 1891 a pnldic meeting was
called in Parraniatta by ^Ir. J. Sulman (the jn-ime
iiKiver) with the object of forming a trooji of
mounted men in <'oniiec1 ion with the N.S.W. Lancer
Regiment. About 100 names were handed in, and,
after correspondence with the military authoi-itics.
permission was obtained to form a half squadron of
.■)() strong — or troop as it was then called — the men
giving their voluntary services for the first six
months until the neeessarv estimates were passed by
Parliament. A mounted parade was held in the
Parraniatta Park on Saturday, June 6, 1891, of all
who had submitted their names, for the purpose of
having their horses passed by Captain ilcNeil. the
then Adjutant of the Regiment, and also the medii-al
examination of the volunteers. In the evening tlie
majority attended the School of Arts. Parraniatta,
when they were sworn in, after having the cimditious
of service explained by Ca])t. ]\lc\eil. Colonel d.
Burns became the first Captain, and iMr. J. Sulman
1st Lieutenant.

The Parraniatta S(piadi'<in was known as "K"'
Troop N.S.W, Lancers, then as No. 1 Parramatta

110

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRMSIATTA.

Half Squadron, having been joined with the Sydney
Half Squadron to complete a full squadron. In 1899-
1900, durinu; the Boer war, the regiment increased
its estahlislnneiit of s'luadrons, Sydney becoming No.
1 Squadron and Parramatta No. 2 Squadron, each
100 strong. The llawkesbury and Newcastle Scjuad-
rons were also raised about this time, making tlie
regiment over 600 .strong. After the Commonwealth
took over the military all regiments were reorgan-
ised. The N.S.W. Lancer Regiment was divided
into three— viz., 1st xV.L.H. Regt. (N.S.W. Lancers) —
consisting of four squadrons. 72 strong, located at
Sydney. I'arramatta. RoliiTtson-lJerry, and Rich-
mondAvindsor; 4th A.L.Il. (Hunter River), and r)tli
A.L.H. (Richmond River).

The following are the nantes of the Pai-ranuitta
men who were sworn in on June (J. ISHl, m- within
a few davs of that date : —

E. Atidns, F. J. AUsop, T. 11. Anlezaik. E. II.
Acres. T. H. Burrell. P. II. Brown, S. M. C. Black,
H. A. Black, S. J. Black. J. Burns. 0. E. Cox, W.

note that the first instructor of Parramatta Lancers
is still attached to the regiment, in the person of
Staff Sergeant-Major Morris.

In 1893 tin? Lancers, at their own expense, despatch-
ed a contingent to represent Austi-alia at the military
tournaments at Islington and Dulilin; and Parramat-
ta 's representatives in this team were Sergt. -Major
Weston and Trooper 'Grady. The former secured
1st prize at Islington for riding and jumping, and
2nd at Dublin for the V.C. race ; whilst Trooper
'Grady came 6th for sword v. sword, and 5th for
sword V. lance at Islington. In 1897, on the occasion
of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, a detachment
of 33 officers. in)n-eoms. ami troopers was sent to
participate in the toiu-nament and other trials of
skill. Captain W. L. Vernon was in connnand, and
witli him were First Lieutenants C. F. Cox and F. H.
King, and 2nd Lieutenant F. C. Timothy; Squadron
Sergt.-Major R. C. :McKenzie, Staif-Sergt. G. E.
Morris. Sergeants J. McMahon, P. F. 'Grady, R.
Waugh. C. J. Williams, J. C. JIcKenzie, Corporals

rijjE

The Military Barracks, Parramatta, showing Recruits.

Crew, C. F. Cox. IT. Fishl)nrn. J. J. (bn-land. J. A.
Greenwood, W. II. Gornnm. J. Houison. G. H.
Hughes, W. Ives, A. J. James, L. Kentwell. T. H.
Kingscote, C. J. Lamb, C. V. Lamb, C. H. Langdou.
R. C. ^Mackenzie. A. E. IMarsden. W. Muston. J. 11.
Muir, J. 0. jMiller. J. E. A. Nobbs, C. S. Oakes, A.
Oakes, P. F. O 'Grady. G. K. Paton. E. Y. Purser,
H. Rowlinson. J. W. B. Robison. G. T. Ronghlev. G.
J. Stahl. W. Shield.s. W. R. Salter. J. Sulman,
J. E. Sparks, A. E. Thorne, A. 11. Tuckwell,
C. II. C. Tuckwell, 1. J. Tuckwell. E. II. Tliiele. F.
Weston, J. R. Wood. C. J. Watt.

In connection witii this list it is notewnrtliy that it
contains the names of the three succeeding command-
ing officers of the reaiment : Lt.-Cohnn^l Burns (1897-
1906), Lt.-Col. Cox. C.B. (1906-1911). and Lt.-Col.
Mackenzie (just gazetted). It is also interesting to

E. II. Houston. IT. E. Sparke. A. G. Brady. Trumpeter
K. D. Mackenzie, and Troopers J. J. Anderson. J. W\
Campbell. J. Daly. J. S. Dooley. R. E. Harkus, W. H.
Hillis, W. Lumsden. F. S. T)".\. Maccjueen, A. J.
Morton. P. Pritchard. W. Moftitt, J. J. Riley. H. A.
Robinson. A. T. Sharpe. P. Sexton, F. W. Todhiuiter,
S. Watts and J. Wilson. The number of Parramatta
men in this specially selected team speaks volumes
for the efficiency of the sijuadron up here. Indeed
the hero of the contingent was Trooper Hai'kns, who
won the cup and two medals (mu' the Empire ]\Iedal)
for lemon-cntting, the cup and a prize for tent-
pegging, trophies for sword v. sword and tilting at
the ring, and a prize for the Victoria Cross compe-
titiiin. Sergt. C. J. AVilliams won the Empire medal
for tent-jiegging. while Sei-gt. O 'Grady came within
one point of winning the sword v. sword contest.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Ill

'riic cDiitiiij^ciil. like the I'onner. was tinanei'd by the
reffiinent and l)y private subscript ions. Major Burns
heading the list" with £250.

This yeai'. 1SI)7. also saw Major liurns promoted
to tlu^ coiiuiiand of the regiment, with thi' rank of
Lieut. -Colonel. Like most busy uien. the ('ol:)nel
always found tinu^ to do everythiufi' well, and tile
Laneers owe nuieh of theii' deserved reputation to
him. With a desire to subjeet them to the training
whieh active service alone can ensure. Colonel Burns
offered a sipiadron for India in the Afridi campaiun.
The then Prcniiei'. Mr. Reid. poured cold water ou
the proposal, which he did not even submit to the
Im])erial authorities. Nor did the ( iovei'nuient show

iirst botly of colonial troojis to visit England for
educational purposes.

And now we come back to the record witli which
this notice opens. Of the Kit) uuni who sailed under
Cajitain Cox for PLigland 71 undertook active service
in South Africa and bore their part with honor to
themselves, their regiment and to Australia. Of the
-'.) men who did not go on service, eight were medi-
cally unfit, eight were minors w'ho volunteered but
weie persuaded by the then Premier. Mr. Lyue. and
their fi'iends. to lelui'ii. and the othei- l:i satisfac-
liirily accounted for their return to Sydney. With
later contingents from New South Wales, the regi-
ment had seven officers and ]()."> non-eonnnissioned

Ik- '

' ^

Dancing the Lancers on Horseback.

a moi-e enlightened spirit when, in the following
year, the regiment entered eagerly into their
Colonel's plan for securing si.\ nujnths' training with
Imperial cavalry. The idea was for the Regiment
and the Government to divide the cost, and Colonel
Burns gave the nu)vement a great fillip by himself
going to London and obtaining from the authorities
a promise to horse and quarter a full squadron foi-
a six months' course at Aldershot. Now the Govern-
nu'nt here backed out of its understanding to provide
half the cost, and so the Colonel had to fall back
on his reginu?nt ami his other friends. Tlu^ regiment
raised £2()()(), subscribers in Enghmd added i;iO(K),
and the public of New South Wales found the
remaining €l!()ll() necessary. All that our (iovernment
would do wiis to let the luen go, provided that the
country had to pay nothing for their transport and
nuiinteuance. This was one way of encouraging men
who were going to train themselves for the better
discharge of their duty towards the country — the

officers and men engaged; some of the Parramalta
men being amongst the "Fighting Twenty-eight" of
Lord Methuen'.s force, others distinguishing them-
selves like Sergeant E. A. JMorris (specially men-
tioned by Lord Roberts), or Corporal Harkus, wdio
fought at Paardeberg, Poplar Grove atul Abrah.uu's
Kraal, and wht) entered Bloemfontein with the eon-
quering army, to die there of enteric. Indeed all
the Lancers, who fought alongside the Inuiskilliugs
all through, covered themselves with glory, from
Major Lee, the O.C, and Captain Cox, down to the
rawest recruit.

At the conclusion of the big Ilarrismith drive on
February 27. 1!)()2. Lt.-Col. Cox was sent for and
jiersonally congratulated by Lord Kitchener on the
field. The particular piece of work which earned
"Fighting Charlie" this distinction occurred on the
night of February 23-24, and is thus described in the
"Official History' of the Boer War": "Garratt's line
from the river to the summit had been cut to pieces,

112

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Ix'Sibie's pom-pom jammed and its commander
killed, but Cox. on Remington's left, realising the
sitnation. swung round his nearest pie(|uets. and
faced the Roer.s — who had suffered somewhat severe-
ly themselves — with a s:|uare front, the issiie of the
tight being now in the balance." Suffice it to add
that C'ox. wh'.i was in command of lOUO men. saved
Ihr jiosition and drove back tlu^ enemy.

And now the Xew South Wales Lancers as a regi-
ment are gone. They are the Australian Light Horse,
and the Ist Brigade is. as is titting. in Parramatta.
where also the headquarters are in the old barracks
that held the regulars a centur\- ago. ('olonel Burns
— whose interesting and well-timed article on "The
]\Iounted Forces of Australia" shows that he still
maintains his interest in the cause which he has done
so much to advance — retired from the command five
years ago. Lieut.-Colonel Cox. C.B.. was appointed
in his stead in 1906 and remained in (•(ininiand till
October of this year, when he was succeeded by
Ma.ior (now Lt.-Col.) Jlackenzie. The Ad.jutant is
Captain A. (J. O'Donndl.

Special interest attaches to the subjoined
article by Colonel Cox. in view of the state-
ment made at the recent iledical Congress that the
average Australian does not make a good soldifr.
This is diametrically opposed to the opinion of such
judges as Lord Roberts. Lord Kitchener and General
French, end Colonel Cox is in excellent company
when he modestly testifies to the res!)urcefulness and
other militarv virtues of Australians in the tield.

THE MOUNTED FORCES OF AUSTRALIA.

By Brigadier-Colonel Earns, late O. C, 1st Brigade, Australian
Light Horse Regiment. Parramatta.

There is usually a tendency in matters of Defence
for lunv ideas, like new fashions, to become prevalent,
and we fintl this more pronounced in new ciiunti'ies
like Australia.

The enrolment of 120.000 cadets, if thoroughly
and efficiently carried out. must be a great boon to
the lads themselves, physically and mentally, and at
the same time will provide a strong backbone and
safeguard to the country. All military men will.
however, agree that it would be better to havr
Ctl.ODO thoroughly disci|)lined and drilled, than
]2(i.000 partially or imperfectly trained, nu-n or boys.
Then, if too nuudi attention and expenditure are de-
voted to this new enrolment, the partially paid forces
of the Commonwealth may be nu>re or less neglected.
And all will agree that, after the great cost of
bringing the militia forces up to their present
standard, it would be simply Tuacbiess not to continue
this fighting force, which for the defence of Aus-
tralia is unecpudled. and which could meet and fight

successfully with double the number of any imported
invaders from any other part of the world. The
Australian should, and undoubtedly would, have a
very great superiority over other troops unaccus-
tomed to Australian climatic and other conditions.

Notwithstanding all that has been said about
aci'oplanes. cycle and motor corps, and other recent
l)roposed auxiliaries, we nuist still look largely to
the chief military organisations of infantry, artillery,
and ca\;dry; and a suudl liighly trained and mobile
force, wliich can be ([uickly brought to any given
point in Australia, is absolutely essential for thor-
ough safety.

A good niiuiy years ago a' proposition was mooted
that, as Australia was a country of horsemen and
horses, the Imperial (iovernment should have the
call of. say. one-half the mounted men for foreign
service, they to subsidise these regiments in time of
peace, any man who was open for foreign service to
receive an extra amount of pay from the Imperial
Government. In this way the Imperial Government
would be paying Australians for the right of call in
time of v\-ar. just as the Common v\-ealth (loverument
are now paying sailor men extia on li;)ard British
u'.en-of-war for training purposes.

The Imjierial scheme never came off. but under
any conditions the mounted forces of Australia
should be kejjt up to a very high stamlard. In any
warfare which may happen the conilitions wotdd be
to a large extent similar to the South African eam-
I)aign. and without horsemen skilled in scouting,
attacking, and protecting front, rear, and tianks, no
body of infantry or artillery would be safe. Roads
may present the means of ipiicd^er travid for motors,
cycles or other conveyances, but it would be extreme-
ly hazardous to use any road which could be
aiid)usheil at almost any |)oint by an enemy.

At all hazards the six In-igades, comprising IS
regiments of Australian cavalry, should be maintain-
ed and improved, so as to be able to take the field
([uickly and rely upon their own transport and
('(piipment.

With the extension of the railways along the
eastern Australian coast, men and horses coidd be
entrained to any point nearest to a threatened
attack, and so keep the enemy's operations in check,
])ending the concentration of tlie Coiinnouwealth
forces.

The whole of the militia of the Continent should
be retained as the first line of defence of the Com-
monwealth ; and with the tlevelopment of the compul-
sory training scheme Australia will gradually in-
crease her defenders, both, it is hoped, in numbers
and in efficiency.

^HE JUBILEE PllSTORY OP PAURAMATTA.

113

OUR MEN IN WAR TIME.

By Lieut. -Colonel Charles F. Cox, C.B., late O. C, 1st Australian
Light Horse Regiment, Parramatta.

.SuiJic i'cntiu'i'.s ill llie behaviour of Australians
when they were engaged in active war in Sonth
Africa led military critics to believe that these devil-
maj'-care "I'oloiiials" had in them the makings of
excellent cavalry. Foi' instance, they were si)lennid
horsemen — they ami their horses acted iu unison,

and there was no ques-
tion of which was mas-
ter, the horse or the
man. It stands to rea-
son that a lancer or a
dragoon, who is worry-
ing whether he or his
horse is boss, cannot do
fh(> work required of
him. whether this be pa-
trolling, or scouting, or
picketing, or charging.
Tiie Australian cavalry-
man and his horse were
one. Again, Austra-
lians take care of their
horses, seeing to it that
Lieut.-Coio„ei Cox, c.B. ^j^^, aiiimals which serve

them so well in the field or on the march shall have
the best available care when tiiey are off duty. And
that, probably, is sufficient reason for the fact that
the Australian cavalryman is able to get out of his
horse every ounce of work that is in him. Nor is
that all. If there's a horse to l)e had in the neigh-
bourhood, he is Ijound to be corralled by Australians.
In South Africa, at the time of the Boer war, horses
ran wild, and the timid "regtUar, " used to the
funereal mokes of the regimental training-schools,
would as soon have thought of mounting one of
them as he would have thought of getting into an
aviator's machine. And, indeed, he could not have
mounted the beast, for it was running wild and he
had no idea of capturing him. The Australians'
method of dealing with such horses was a revelation
to their British coini'ades — who. of course, for their
part, had excellencies whicii our men did not possess.
On many occasions I have seen Australians in South
Africa run a mob of wild horses into a kraal. ])ick
out the best, saddle them up, mount them, oi)en the
gates and give the surprised brutes the open veldt.
In two or three days these horses had thoroughly
learnt that they were mastered; they would settle
dowTi and become valuable remount.s — and any one
who could stick on a horse at all could ride them
comfortably.

Apart from the direct and the indirect value of the
Australians' services in regard to horses, there was

no question as to their usefulness iu regard to rations
and the procuring of them. An army, as we know,
marches on its belly ; and we also know that the com-
missariat department of the Imperial forces in South
Africa was not always as successful in its arrange-
ments as it might have been. Very often, indeed,
supplies ran quite out. and our soldiers found them-
selves, after a day's hard and tiring and dangerous
work, without a bit to ])ut into their mouths. Then
the Australian jiroved himself to be a man of great
resource. In the barrenest of country, when the
enemy withheld or cut otif supplies, the Australian
had a marvellous knark- of ])i(dving up, somewhere
and somehow, something for himself and his mates
to eat. When he did get this something, he showed
himself capable of putting it to the very best use
in the shortest ])ossible
time. Often, at the
close t)f a harassing
and tiring march —
when, to all ajipearanci'.
there wasn't the slighl
est hope of having an\
thing to eat — one woulil
see the Australian
troopers after they Inul
fed their horses, gettiipj
round the camp-fires,
with their mess-tiiis,
and cooking meat or
l)oiling water in them,
whilst they used the lids
of their tins for cook-
ing johnny cakes and
things like that. So long as tliey could get a bit
of fat and some tlour, salt and water, the Australians
were all right. The general conviction, founded on
exiierience. was that it would have to be a very poor
piece of country indeed into which an officer could
not safely take a regiment of Australians on a Hying
expedition, with half rations for man and horse, for
a couple of weeks. And then the regiment came
back, having done its work, and with its half-rations
intact.

When it comes to fighting. I am Ihoroiighly satis-
fied that Australians will bear themselves under fire
at least as well as the next best men. On many occa-
sions have I had the honor of seeing them in very
tight corners. Never have I seen them flinch. Every
time they were ordered to advance, they obeyed the
order — and obeved it well.

Warrant Officer C. Cawood.

114

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

GOVEKNOK I'lIlLLll" mack' lus lirst efforts at
husbandry on 9 acres of laud adjoining what
was therefore caUod "Farm Cove." They
were a faihire. So were liis atteiiii)ls to establisli
vegetable-growing- on (jardeii Island, the onee
beautiful spot in the Harboiu- which is now disligured
by ugly Admiralty buildings. Then he turned his
attention to Parramatta. and found to his joy that
the country was in some parts as fine as any he had
seen in England. Probably he was prejudiced by
a comparison with the rocky ground at Sidney, l)ut
people nowadays are not enamored of Parramatta
as a general agricultural area. Phillip was haudi-
capiied Ijy the tact that, in the amazing assortment
of people that Lord Sydney had sent to found a new
colony, there was only one person who understood
farming. Hut this person ilid Avonders. As Collins
says, he ■"joined to much agricultural knowledge a
perfect idea of the hdior to be required from, and
that miglit be jx'rfoi-nied by, the convicts; and whose
figure was calculated to make the idle and the worth-
less shrink if he came near them." From which it
may be gathered that the first Australian agricul-
turist was strenuous in his methods. This was
Superintendent Henry Edward Uodd, who died in
ITyl, ami was buried' with public honors — the first
person to whose remains a public funeral was given
in Australia — in what is now Si, John's Cemetery.

The First Settler.

The first settler, James Ruse, was given liis farm,
11/2 acres, on November 21, 1789, and the area was
in a few months increased to 30 acres on the score
of the settler's good behaviour. Indeed, Ruse would
seem to have been a most patriotic farmer, not like
some of whom we have heard in later days; for he
actually declined assistance from tlie pnl)lic stores
early in 1791 on the absurd ground that he did not
stand in need of it and coidd live on the j)roduce of
his holding! It was fitting that to so honest a man
should have been issued the first grant of land made
in Australia. Unfortunately for Ruse, however, the
seasons were not so propitious to him as he deserved.
In 179:i, his crop having failed, he sold his "Experi-
ment Farm" to Dr, John Harris, the godfather of
Harris Park, and in the following year took up fann-
ing on a 30-acre grant on the Ilawkeshury. He sold
this too, but after many years; and when he died, in
1837, it was in Campbelltown. His epitaph is more
remarkable for the originality of its spelling than
for the beauty of the poetry. It runs: —

Gloria in K.xcelsis.

Saorod to tlic Memory of

J.AMES KUSE,

^vlio departed this life, Spt. 0,

ia tlie yeare of houre Lord, 1837.

Xativ of Cornvvell,

and arrived in tliis coloney by tlie foursT fleet,

Aged 77.

My mother reread me tenderly.

With me she took much paines.
And when I arived in this coloney

I sowed the forst grain and now
\Vifli my heavenly Father

I lio]i8 for ever to remain.

I '1 he statement that Ruse arri\'eil in the colony,
aged 77, icmiruls of the inscription on a portrait in a
certain Town Hall, to the etfeet that the citizen thus
commemorated was "lioru and died in the town in
his 75th year. "I

I'ossihly it Avas in the not very well founded hope
that others would enudatc; Ruse's patriotic example
that Governor Phillip set to work to extend the base
of settlement beyond Rosehill proper. Ruse's farm
ran from Clay's Cliff Creek, near Hassall-street, to
Duck Creek; but in 1791 the Governor ventured
further into the wilds and selected farms in North
Parramatta. about a mile beyond Lennox Bridge, for
five settlers, two of whom had their wives with them.
As showing that agriculture was carried on in those
days under considerable dilticidties, it nuiy be men-
tioned that a corjioral and a couple of privates had
to be stationed amongst these farms — which varied
from 30 to 50 acres in area — to protect the settlers
against the natives.

At the end of this year, 1791, the settlenu'nt show-
ed as follows: — 351 acres in maize, 44 in wheat, six in
l)arley, one in oats, two in potatoes, four not cidti-
vated liut cleared for cultivation, four on the Cres-
cent planted with vines: six acres Governor's garden.
partl\- nuiize and wheat; SO aci-es garih^ns cultivated
liy individuals, 17 cultivated li\ the N'.S.W. Corps,
150 cleared, to be sowed with lurni[)s; 91 cultivated
liy settlers; 28 cultivatecl by dfticers, civil and mili-
tary: and 134 acres enclosed for feeding cattle. This
was not so bad for a population whicli had not
reached 190(1, including women and c-liildren. at the
end of tile fidlowing yeai',

lint, thougii it is ti-ue that the first harvest gather-
ed in Ansti-alia was reaped in Parramatta. 1789, it is
not to be preteiuied that tin" district eviM- was. or is
evei- likely to be, distinguished for wheat-growing.
We migld luive done better at tobacco, in which
Pliilij) Schaefi'er, the first free immigrant settler, as

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAIMATTA.

115

well as Christopher Magoe and otliers, did a good
business. But the Governor was not much of a
smoker himself, and, lool<;ing' upon tobacco as a
luxury rather than a necessity of life, he prohibited
its cultivation. In this he Avas doubtless intlueneed
by the information on which his secretary, Collins,
based his statement, that "so great a desire for
tobacco prevailed among these people that a man
was known to have given the greater part of his
week's provisions for a small quantity of that article,
and it was sold, the produce of the place (Parra-

Vineyards and Orchards.

But in one direction — vincyartls and orangeries,
and so forth, for the growth of table fruit and for
grapes to be manufactured into wine — the Parra-
matta district early put forth special efforts which
have all along been crowned with a certain amount
of success. The first grapes that ever ripened in
Australia were gathered in Parranuitta. That was
in January, 1791, and it is recorded of them that
"the bunches were handsome, the fruit of a moderate
size and well filled out. and the flavor high and

Parramatta Park. Showing part of Old Government House Orchard.

matta) for 10 and even 15 shillings per pound."
Tobacco, indeed, was more highly valued than even
rum ; for. whereas the man who wanted to drinli
rum would gladly give 10 pounds of flour for a
Ijottle. the man who w'anted to smoke tobacco often
parted with 'M) pounds of flour tm- a jiound of the
herb wliich is alleged to soothe and not ineliriatc
The wily (iovernor countered this tendency and
spoiled the market, l)y offering a reward of 30 poiuids
of flour tor the discovery of the abandoned pei'son
who bartered liis provisions in this way.

delicious." These grapes grew in the (l;iveiMior's
garden, and it is safe to say that theii- tbi\'or would
have goni' even "higher" — a term. Iiy tlie way. uuire
appropriate to game tluin to grapes — if li:e vines
had not IVeen planted in such a position as to secure
for them tile operation of tlie most malignant winds.
They weiv i)art of the product of tlu' four acres of
tlu' Governor's garden which, as we have seen, were
planted with vines — 8000 of them all told, from cut-
tings collected at the Cape of Good Hope on the
vovage out.

116

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF TARRAMATTA

From that day to this, however, the Parraniatta
district has been famous for its fruit of all kiuds,
and its wines have gained commendation from a very-
early date. In the year 1S2:?. for instance, Mr.
Gregory Blaxland — hearer of an honored name in
these parts — was awarded a large silver medal by the
London Society of Arts for "Imported wine, the
produce of his vineyards in New South Wales." This
was the produce of grapes grown on his "Vineyard
E.state" (Subiaco) — the same jdace on which
Sehaeflfer had tried to establish tobacco cultivation
in circumstances to which reference has .just been
made. Following up his success, Mr. Blaxland — who
has been styled the Father of Australian Agriculture,
and who died at Parraniatta in 1853 — gained the
"Ceres" gold medal given by the same Society in
1S2S "for wine from New South Wales." These
trophies, which are of intrinsic value, as they are the
work of the great artist, W. Wyon, are still in the
possession of Mr. Blaxland 's family. This, it should
he mentioned in passing, is the same Blaxland whose
name will ever be remembered in connection with
his discovery, in ]8]8. in company of Lawson and
Weutworth. of a route across the IMue ^Mountains.

If we tuni to the official figures for the year in
which Parraniatta was incorporated, we find that
there were 1179 occupiers of 145,469 acres, of whicli
11,722 were cultivated; that the crojis produced were
wheat, maize, barley, oats, rye, niilli^t, potatoes,
sorghum and sour grasses; that there were SSYj
acres of vines and 4()!)0 acres of gardens and
orchards. The wheat and maize i)rodueed — 8424
bushels and 5439 bushels. I'espeetively — was a fair
contribution to the wealth of the colony. Then of
the land devoted to viticulture. 27 acres, used in
wine-making, produced 2200 gallons of wine anCi HO
gallons of brandy, whilst 70li; tons of table fruit
were gathered from the 60 odd acres cultivated for
this i)urpose. Now, tifty x-ears later, the production
of wine goes into the iiiiilinn gallons, and there are
some 8000 acres devoted to the production of fruit
of all kinds, "the soil," as the official statement goes,
"being suitable for nearly cnitv kind of fruit.' In-
deed, it may well be said tiiat the fruit tliat cannot
be grown in Parraniatta is not worth eating, or other-
wise considering. Oranges were first grown in this
district, and the ajiples which our orchards produce
■ — "as big as nutmegs," says a sniggering critic a
hundred years ago — can hold their own in any
market in the world, {"oncerning oranges, it is not
so many weeks ago that those indefatigable anti-
(piaiians. Dr. Tlouison and Mr. F. Walker, discovered
the identical spot on which oranges were first grown
in Australia. It is near the roatl bridge on the way
from ]\Ieadowbank to Ryde ; and here a tomb-like
structure of stone is the last remnant of the orangery
which the successful enter])rise of the Rev. Richard
Johnson rendered famous in the agricultural history
of tile continent.

The Agricultural Society.

It was in Parraniatta tiiat liie lirst .\grii-ujt ural
Society of New Soutli Wales was born. The pre-

liminary meeting indeed had been held in Sydney,
when, according to contemporary newspaper report,
Sir John Jamison (who was later to employ one
Henry Parkes as a laborer on his station), and,
according to the Society's prospectus. Mr. Justice
Baron Field (Charles Lamb's friend and correspond-
ent*) was appointed President. Both authorities
agr(>e that amongst the vice-presidents were the Rev.
Samuel Marsdeti, ]\Ir. W^illiam Cox. and i\lr. Hannibal
]\Iacartliur. and that the secretaries were Mr. Alex,
ander Berry and Mr. George T. Palmer. In those
days nothing could be done without the stimulus of
a good dinner, and, shortly after this meeting in
Sydney — in July, 1822 — this stimulus was duly
supi)lied at Walker's Inn, P;irramatta (the famous
"Red Cow"), inuler the inspiring jiatronage of
Governor Brisbane and Colonial Secretary (Jonlburn.
President .himisoii — there's no doubt about him now
— gladdened the hearts of the 80 gentlemen who were
doing .jn.stice to the fine dinner provided by the
announcement that the Governoi- had offered to
grant land to the Society, together with free printing
and stationery. And. indeed, it was to the colony's
interest to promote its agricultural and pastoral
industries, seeing that about this time good prices
for Wool were commanded in the British market.
No \\(in<ier the 80 gentlemen could afford good
dinner at Walker's Inn when such figures as these
coiihi be (juoted: — Rather heavy and badly bred,
fniiii Is 8d to Is lOd per lb.; heavy and badl\' bred.
Is Dd |.er lb.; light and well bred. Is 9d to Is lid
pel 111.; very heavy <iiid wasteful. 2s per lb.; very
light and well lired, 3s 7d to 3s 9d pei- lb. In the
circumstances it is not surprising to find that the
Society felt it could stand another stimulus, and this
was duly forthcoming at Nash's Inn. Parraniatta, on
January 30, 1823. when a sp'-cial feature was the
dessert, comprising 18 kinds of fresh fruit and f<nir
of dried fruit, all from the gardens of two members
of the Society.

.Nash's Inn — better known as the ^Voolpa(■k — stood
(111 till' site now occupied by the ('(iiii't House. Its
proprietor. Bill Nash, as he was uni\('rsall\- called,
is the hei-o of a legend which may be ])erfectly true.
He made a deal of money in Parraniatta and went to
England to s]iend it there. Amongst other devices
for the liipiidatioii of coin he is said to have set up
a fine coach, drawn by eight horses — a regal e((uip-
age which naturally attracted a lot of attention. The
ignorant jieople of England knew not Bill Xash. and
when tliey had made imiuiries they in\itiMl him to
take himself and his eight horses back to Pai-ramatta.

-' Dr. Lang, wlio (lid not love Barron I'icid, pillnrics liira as
tlic writer of some verses wliicli hr cnllcd "liotany Bay
Flowers." The.y are no worse, mid mi tietter, tlian tlie
average "poetry" of the day. But Dr. Dang conld not resist
laiigliing at tlie judge's

' ' Kangaroo, T\ang;ir<in,

Spirit of Australia. . . . ' '
.\iul lie found further ground for nierriment in the tmfor
lunate att(nipt to inal<e "Australia" rhyme with "failure."
It Field has been a better .\ustraliaii than he was poet. In?
would never h.ave made the iiri|iatriotic as well as eaeophouoiis
atlem|it to couneet the two.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

117

He pleaded hard to be allowed to reniaiu, even offer-
ing to present the nation with a warship if his re(iuest
were granted. But in those days warships were at
a discount — and Bill Nash was ordered to return to
a country where his many good qualities were more
highly ap[)i'eciated.

Successive Societies.

A few months later it was announced that four
acres had been set apart for gardens and so forth on
the north side of the Parramatta River, adjoining
the Government Domain, now Parramatta Parlv. The
result of the successive applications of the dinner
stimulus was to be seen in the Parramatta Fair,
October, 1824 — the tir.st public show or exhibition of

for horses and sheep in October, and honied cattle,
pigs, etc., in May, Bad seasons and droughts, how-
ever, were getting too iiuu'h for the Society. In 1833
the first trees and plants on the Parramatta ground
were sold, and in the following year a stimulus pro-
vided at Walker's Inn jiroved ineffective, nobody
turning up to be prodded into enthusiasm. For 20
odd years we hear no more of the first Society, but
in 1843 a successor arose in the Cumberland Agri-
cultural Society, whose excellent intention it was to
hold meetings twice a year. The intention was soon
converted to paving-stones, and it was not until 1857
that a continuous movement was started.

This was called the Cumberland Agricultural
Society until, a couple of years ago, the promoters
felt justified in taking a larger view and reverted to

Modern Agriculture in Parramatta.— Irrigating an Orangery.

tlir kind in Austi':ili:i. Amongst other exhibits ^xfvr
horses, dairy cows, cross-bred sheep and live stock
of all kinds — and strong beer and tobacco. There
can be no doubt as to the strength of the beer, the
interesting sketch which i\[r. II. M. Somer. tlie able
secretary of the Royal Agricultural Society, con-
tributed to the first number of the Society's
"Annual." containing a melancholy Irihiile In its
potency from the pen of a gifted luil nameless
reporter. "Reason," wrote the worthy gentleman,
"was dethroned, and madness and folly reigned in
its stead." The Society doubtless de|)reeated this
result, but the good old stimulus was regularly
applied at every opportunity, now at Nash's, now at
Walker's. Shows were held in Parranuitfa \viili
almost (Hiual regularity, two in 1826. In this \-ear,
indeed, it was decided to have two shows annually:

the old name, 'ilial was in IS.'ifl, when 22 acres were
granted on leasehold in Parramatta. Some names
well known in this district were amongst the pro-
moters — such as .Tanu's ^lacarthur and James Pye —
but the main inHuence was undoubtedly metropoli-
tan. The result was that, whilst the land at Parra-
matta was used for jiloughing nuitches and trials
(if implements, the main show was transferred to
Sydney in 1870. A feeble efi'ort was made to bring it
back in 1880, but the fascinations of the metropolis
were too jiowerfni. To-day. if Parramattans want
to see the exliibitiim nC llie old Society which their
town did so nuu'h to help along in its struggling days
they must go down to Sydney. But we bear no
nuiiice, and, as the Show is invarial)ly good and ccm-
stantly imju-oving, we put money in our pockets an*!
visit our fransplaiiled offspring every Easter,

118

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

CHAPTER VIII.— PARRAMATTA S POLITICAL HISTORY.

By Mr. J. Arundel, J.P.

JOHN MACARTIU'R was the first definitely
authorised politician Farramatta supplied to
New South Wales. His appointment came
about this way. Tlu'ie was a nominee Council ap-
pointed in l^'i'i. and when the number of members
of this advisory board was increased from seven to
fifteen John ]\Iacarthnrwas made a member.

And the legislative connection of the ]Maearthur
familv with Farramatta. thus beuun. continued for a

long period. In lS4:i a Li'i;islativc Cinuicil of :Vo
members. 24 elected on tlu' then ortiiodox jn-operty
qualification, and T2 nominated by the (fovernor,
was granted to Xcw Sontii Wab's. aiul Hannibal
Hawkins INIacartliur, a neplicw nf .lolui Maearthur,
aud then residing at Snbiacn. (ui the Farramatta
River, was elected as the first member for Farra-
matta. And, anticipating somewhat, when the

present constitution eouferring full responsible gov-
ernment on New South Wales was proclaimed in
1855. Henry Watson Farker. a son-in-law of John
JIacarthur. was elected as one of the two members
for Farramatta — the other being George Oakes. a
native of the town.

Henry Watson Farker. who was born at Lewisham,
Kent, and who was afterwards knighted, had been a
nominee member of the old Legislative Council antl
Cliairnuin of its Committees for some years up to
1855. In October. 1856. following the short-lived
first and second ministries (the Donaldson and the
Cowi)er). ^Ir. Farker. whilst still nu^mber for Farra-
matta. Ijccanie Fremier of the third ministry formed
under responsible government, remaining in office
for the then comparatively long period of over 11
iiionllis. Sii' Henry Farkes. in his "Fift.v Years of
Australian History"" (some say it should be c;dled
"Fitt.\- Years of Ilenr.v Farkes"") sa.vs of this thiid
ministry that "from its advent eonnuenced the eon-
riicts of polic.v. from time to time assuming more
distinct features, which divided tiu' early Farlia-
inimt."" and furthermore he described ;\ir. I'ai-ker as
■" .•iniiiiiL;' the best men the colDuy has at any time
po.sscssed. "

Tiu' fatiier (if George Oakes was tliat Francis
Oakes. of whom later, it was said, sneli a plentiful
ci'op of aeoriis was to spring. Francis Oakes was
one iif a band of missionaries sent nut froiu England
til thi' Faeific in 1796 in the famous missionary ship
the "Duff."' Some of them were killed aud eaten
hy their dusky Faeific lirethren. ami after sevei'al
years of extreme privation and dangei' the survivors
came to New South Wales: and amongst them was
Francis Oakes. In his new home he received a not
unacceptable land grant, sundry offieiad [lositions,
and won for liis wife the first woman of Enro|iean
parents boi'u in Australia. Tlieii son. (ieorge Oai'Ces.
a lifelong resident of Farrannstta [described as "ex-
tensively associated with pastoi-al pursuits") was
evich'utiy Mdt without honor in bis nwn rountrv.
bi'iug. as already seen. Farramalla's ch'cted member
in tlie (lid Legislative ('(luncil in ISIS, ;i position he
hebl until the Council was dissilved in Decemlier.
1S55. In March. lS5(i. he was elidseu ;is nue of Far-
lamatta's two rejiresentatives in the new Legislative
Assembly, holding the seat during thr-ee Farlianients.
until December. 1860. when he was defeated by Mr.
— afterwards Sir — John Lackey. .Mr. Oakes repre-
sented Farramatta altogether foi- almut 111 years.
uyiwards of seven in the old Council, and iiearl.\- five
in the Assembly. From -June. 1872. until November,

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

119

is74. he w;is ii.riiil)er for East Sydney, and in 187!)
liccanic a nieni!)er of tlie Legislative Conneil. where
he did fJiood work until his regrettable death in 1881.
lie was the second president, from 1850 to 18.')(). of
the Parramatta District Hospital (Jonnnittee. His
1)rother Francis (father of .Mi's. J. K. ]Manton. C'anip-
l)ell-strcet. Paiarnuitia) was also at one time a mem-
ber of the Legislative (..'ouncil.

On page 120 will lie found a list of the represen-
tatives of Parramatta in the New S )nth ^yales Legis-
lative Assembly iluring tlie neaiiy .36 years since
responsible government v:;\y inaugurated. .\lto-
gether the electorate has in this [leriod had Iwelve
diffei'ent ])ersons as mend:ei;-;. not an extravagant
number, if we remembei' that uji to ISSO it returned
two members; since then only one; and that up to

Arthur T. Holroyd, Master in Equity,
Parramatta, 1861-4.

Member for

11)07 tin; whole State in tlu' same period had appro.xi-
niately enabled 750 citizeii.s to add the coveted letters
M.L.A. to their names. Within the same years
about 250 appointments to the Legislative Council

were also made. Whatever "shortage of labor"
may sometimes occur there is apparently nevfer any
serious shortage of law-makers. It is to be remem-
bered that the electorate boundaries have been alter-
ed several times.

During the time that New South Wales controlled
its own tariff most of the members were Liberals and
Freetraders, IMessrs. Charles J. Byrnes and W._ J.
Ferris, however, forming exceptions, both beuag
avowed Protectionists. In the much wider Parra-
matta Federal Electorate the choice has also been
made and repeated of a Liberal (the Hon. Joseph
Cook) at each of the four elections to the Common-
wealth House of Representatives, since 1901, the
Liberal candidates for the Senate likewise ol)tamuig
ma.jorities in the Parramatta electoiate on each
contest.

In Parramatta. as everywhere else, local questions
and personal rivalries always played a large part.
The town has had a long era— happily now closed—
of its own political and municipal rival Montagues
and Capnlets. Moreover, it has generally shown a
strong preference to members either born or residing
in or near the town— a preference not unjustified
when we consider the positions attained by some of
them. To have supplied, out of its Pi rein-esentatives.
two Premiers— Parker and J. S. Farnell. the latter
born in Parramatta— and three other Ministers (one
of Parramatta birth), as well as another town-born
member who was offered a portfolio ; is certainly not
a bad record.

In addition, however, to its direct representatives,
the number of past and present politicians more or

120

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAiMATTA.

Thomas R. Moxham. Member for Parramatta bince 1901.
Mayor of Parramatta 1897-1901.

less assoeiatuil with Parramatta is li'^iou. For in-
stance, in the days of the mixed Conncil. which in
1855 gave way to responsible goverumcnt. and also

in the early years of the latter, especially whilst Par'
ramatta was the western terminns of the railway,
the old town was the natural and oeographical centre
of a very much larger district than it is now. Conse*
quently meeting's in reference to other electorates
further out — such as the Cumberland Boroughs,
which included AYindsor and Richmond. Penrith. Liv-
erpool and Campbelltown : and Cumberland. South
and Xoith Ridings — were lu'lil in Parramatta. A
letter trom ^Ir. James C. Martin (afterwards Chief
Justice Sir James JMartin 1 to his friend. .Mr.
]\IcQuade. of Windsor, shows this tendency of poli-
tical effort towards Parramatta as its centre. It also
throws an interesting sidelight on the mode of
managing elections in the "good old days." Writing
on ilareh 27, 1849. Martin observes to his friend:
"Accompanying this you will receive the marked list
of dead, absent and unqnali.^ed voters. Those ticked
off are our Sydney men. Have the (piestions i)ut to
every man you don't know, as well as to those noted.
l>ring up all our men at whatever cost. We shall lick
them gloriously here and everywhere else. Let a mes-
senger be ready at 4 precisely to come to Parramatta
with the state of the poll. We all meet there."

It must be remembered that those were the days of
open voting and property ipialitication. when oppo-
nents fought in such deadly earnest that it was quite
a common thing for long dead men to vote both
early and often. Such miracles as that happened,
some would have us believe, even in Parramatta.
Indeed, it is actually said that one of the political
enthusiasts of the seventies boasted in later days that
he had often managed to poll three dead men in one
morning by the same convenient spirituous spook,
until he became too drunk to safely impersonate any

TABLE SHOWING MEMBERS FOR PARRAMATTA, 1856 1911.

O CO

Total Period.

Member's Name.

Birth-place,

When Member.
Mar. 29, lcS.JG, to Dee. 19,

(approximate )

Parker, Henry Watson (af-

Li'xvisliaui, Kent.

1 year 9 months.

terwards K.r.Jt.G.)

1857.

Oakes, Hon. George

Parramatta.

Mar. 2!), IS.oG, to Nov. 10,
1860.

4 years 7'.; months

Byrnes, Hon. James

I'arrainatta.

Jan. 19, 18.'38, to Mar. 26,
1861; and Nov. 24, 1864,
to Feb. 3, 1872.

10 years 4 months.

Lackey, Hon. John (after

Sydney.

Dec. 8, 1860, to Nov. 10,

3 years 1 1 montlis.

war.ls K.r..\l.(;.)

1864,

Hclroyd, Hon. A. T.

Liimlun.

Apr. 10, PSOl, til Nov. 10,
1864,

3 years 7 months.

Fr.rncll, Hon. J. S.

Parramatta.

Nov. 24, 1864, to Nov. 2S,
1874.

10 years.

Tr.jlor, Hugh

Parramatta.

Feb. 20, 1872, to Nov. 9,
1880; and Dee. 2, 1882,
to June 25, 1894.

20 years 4 monlbs.

Byrnes, Chas. Joseph

Parramatta.

Dec. 10, 1874, to Oct. 12,
1887, and Nov, 18, 1880,
■ Nov, 23, 1882,

4 years 10 montlis.

Long, Hen. W. A.

Sydney.

1877, to Nov. 9,

2 years.

O'Reilly, Do well Philip

Sydney.

„.,.^ to Jiilv 8,
1898, '

4 years.

Ferris, Wm. J.

Parramatta.

Julv 27, 1898, to June 11,
1901.

2 years 11 months.

Moxham, Thos. R.

Parramatta.

July 3, 1901, to the pre-
sent day.

10 years 3 months.

TliE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

121

linoro tliat day. That Parramatta was respectable
wc have the testimony of J. B. Darvall, one of the
brilliant .uron]! of able men (including Wentworth.
Robei-t Lowe, .Martin and Parker) who made the
later years of the old Council a memorable age in
New South Wales politics, for in his final si)eech
against Wentworth 's Constitution Bill — which he
opposed as not being sufficiently democratic — Dar-
vall. commenting on the marked absence of any
popular petitions in its favor, owned that from Par-
ramatta "a tiny S(iueak had been heard in its sup-
port, as one petition signed by 31 persons had come
from there — all of them being either clergymen,
magistrates or other highl.y respectabh' |>i'(i|ilc,"

(ilancing along the extensive and interesting
jiicture galh'ry Parramatta can furnish of the jxili-
tieians who through the years have occasionally
made it their home, the most striking of these is un-
doulitedl.\- Sir Ilenrv Parkes. Fairly familiar in our
streets ])efo)'e from his lifelong friendship with his
faithful Parranuitta supporters, James Byrnes and
Hugh Taylor, Parkes for about two years in the later
"eighties" resided in Parramatta in .Mr. .). J. .Miller's
present home at the corner of Jlacijuarie and Jlars-
den streets. It was whilst there that he was sent for
by Governor Carrington. the result being the fi)rnia-
tion of what ]n-oved to lie the last of all the five
Parkes .Ministi-ies. One of its ablest members. Sir

AVilliam .Mcilillan. Ihc Colonial Treasurer, also then
resided at Wentworth ville. near Parramatta.
Parramatta and Federal Politics.

Federation was very nnu-li ■"in the air"" in Parra-
matta for many years prior to its legislative accom-
plishment. Parramatta "s tirst and only representa-
tive in the Federal Pai-liament was the Hon. Joseph
Cook, then Liberal niembei- for Hartley in the X.S.W.
Assemblv, ex-Postmaster-(Teneral and ^Minister for
ilines ill the Reid Ministry 1894-1899. Mr. Cook at
once attained one of the foremost positions in the
Federal House of Representatives, a position that has
lieen strengthened in each successive Parliament, and
in 1904, wlien ;\lr. (!. II. Reid resigned the leadership
of the Lil)(>ral Opposition. .Mr. Cook was unanimously
elected as his successor. In 1909. on a coalition being
effected between the Ilmi. .Vlfred Deakin"s followers
and the Federal Liberal Opposition, a Deakiu-Cook
iLnistry was formed. Mr. Deakin becoming Premier
and Mr. Cook Jlinister of Defence, where, as in the
Reid Cabinet, he again proved himself to be a thor-
oughly capable and bold administrator. Many of
Mr. Cook's constituents ho])e for him even still
higher posit inn in .\iistraliim |)olitics.

' ^^ff-^^-^^^lM^

Parramatta District Hospital.

122

THE JUBILEE HISTOEA' OF PARRAMATTA.

CHAPTER IX.— INSTITUTIONS AND CHARITABLE SOCIETIES

OF PARRAMATTA.

THE DISTRICT HOSPITAL.

By Mr. T. D. Little, Secretary (1889 to date).

PAKRA.AIATTA District Hospital has an honor-
able record, and both medical ofiHcers and
committeemen consider it an honor to be asso-
ciated with the old institution.

The original hospital was built by (iovcrmir ,Ma:--
quarie, in the year 1817. and was known as the
Colonial Hospital, afterwards as the Civil and ?ilili-

tary Hospital. It was built to accommodate about
titty j);itients. hut in the year 1819. during an out-
break of typhus fever, as many as ninety-five initients
were admitted. In the old Imilding strong iron bars
were let into the window sills, so that jirisoner
patients could not escape, and these bars reuuiiued
ill place till the old biiildinu was demolished. The
old brick's Ijoic the mark of the broad arrow, and
throughout it was reminiscent of the convict days.
Time and again there have come similar reminders,
even iieai'ly a centur>- later, when, on sL»veral occa-
sions, whilst cultivating the garden plot, the gard-

COMMITTEE, MEDICAL AND NURSING STAFFS OF THE PARRAMATTA DISTRICT HOSPITAL (1911).

Reading' tiuiii Left to liiglil — Standing: Mr. I'ctcr Moig.aii, Xmse D. WcMnic, Mr. IL A\'. Mcggitl, \'ory Kcv. T. O'Reilly,
P.P., Messrs. T. D. Little, 0. T. Erby, .1. Arundel, ('. Summons, Nurses 1. I)awson, E. Emmott and E. Samuels.
Sitting: Dr. W. S. Brown, Dr. .T. Kearney, Mr. ('. .1. Pyrnes, Mr. H. B. Cowper (President), Miss E. Fuller (Matron),
Mr. \V. W, Bodenbam, Dr. E. Cuthbcrt Ilall. Front Row: Nurses M. Brown, L. Kidd, P. Trayhurn and L, Alkin.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAIMATTA.

1-J3

ener has unearthi'd here and there a pair of leg-
irons.

Grim iron days, these, my readers — days when a
man with a gmi stood beside the bed of the pai;i-
racked patient. No gentle nnrse, of wliom the
patient could say —

Oh! let but once ;i pan"; prevail,

A limb be rack 'd, or elioek grow pale;

Let the wild torture ot disease

Deny to heart and head their ease;

Let Sorrow once her frown i]7ipress

On Life's uncertain happiness, —

Then, seorncr of the stx! Advance,

And learn llie power of Pity's glance,

The tender might of woman's gaze,

Unweaken 'd by tormented days!

Through hours of blackness, when the mind

Seems prostrate, wreck 'd, and unresign'd.

How potent is her pleading eye,

How siiasive her devoted sigh!

One look does more than man could say,

And each word wafts a pang away!

The hospital remained a Government institution
till the year lS4(i. and in that year, in response to a
memorial from the people of Parramatla, it was

l.-Dr. K. Whiting

3.— Dr. R. Pbipps Wauih

2. Mr. A. E. Marsden
4.— Mr. Henry Mason

handed over to the inhabitants of the town and dis-
trict, and, from the 6th of April of that yeai-. when
the first committee was elected, it has been luiowsi
as the I'arramatta and District Hosjiilal.

Followinu- are the names of the first cDminit fee : —
H. II. Macarthur. ■M.L.C. G. Elliott. .1.1'.. Or. Ander-
son. J. IMaxland. J. P., (J. 15. Suttm-,
son. J. P.. and Messrs. -I. Edro|>.
Bvrnes. G. Oakes. J. Hamilton, -1.
Piiillips,

.1.1'.. X. S. Law-
.1. Ilouison. .T.

McKav, and S.

We note that even in those days there was a
liberal sprinkling of J's.P. on the committee. To-
day the sprinkling is the other way, for the majority
of the members of the committee are magistrates —
nine out of fifteen.

When one glances at the names of the first com-
mittee he looks for links to connect the past with
the present. J. Byrnes was the father of one of the
present trustees — !Mr. C. J. Byrnes, .J.P. H. II.
IMacarthur was the grandfather of ^Irs. W. S. Brown,
wife of one of the [)resent medical officers. Dr. W. S.
Brown. These are the only two direct links that we
know of. but still there are other links worth men-
tioning. In the year 18.512 Dr. Iv. C. Rutfer. grand-
father of iMatron Rutter, was elected medical officer.
In the year 1850 ilr. (ieorge Oakes was elected pi'csi-
dent. and in the year 1896 his grandson. Mr. A. I.
Oalves, was one of the architects for the new hos[)ital,
llii' present structure. In flic yeai- IS(ii) Air. Edmund
Alason was on the committee aiul acted for '28 years.
His son. Mr. Harry Mason, is now acting. Dr. Isaac
Waugh first joined the medical staff in 187-1, and
acted either as medical officer or honorary consulting
medical officer for al)ont 35 years. His son. Dr. R.
I'liipps Waugh. is now a member of the honorary
medical staif. Dr. Walter Brown was associ;ited with
the liosjiital for about 4f) years, and Archdeacon
Gunther from 1868 to 1911 — a period of :}3 years.
The latter gentleman occupied the position of jiresi-
dent. off and on. for 20 years. These are honorable
and lengthy associations, and only lately did the ^'en.
Archdeacon pay a trilnite to tiie management, when
iie resigiH^d. by saying that he knew of no institution
that was Ijetter conducted, and where greater har-
mony prevailed.

The hos|)ital still boasts of conunitteemen who m;iy
be liiojced upon as antiquities. Dr. Bowman, and
.Messrs. A. E. Marsden and T. D. Little have acted
on tiie committee for twenty-five years continuDUsly.
and Drs. W. S. Brown antl Jas. Kearney arg getting
(.11 towards twenty years.

Here is another record which, perliaps. is iini<|ue
in the iiistory of committees: During my '22 yeai's'
(iccupaiicy of the position of Secretary, not a singh'
meeting has lapsed for want of a quorum.

Following is a list of those who lnr.'(» oC('i!i)i:'d the
position of i'residenl : —

1 S4S— MATTll E W AXDKRSC IX

1S4<I— (ilLBERT P:LLI0TT

1S.50 to 1S5(3— GEOKCR 0.\KKS

1S57— DR. GREEXUP

1S5S to IsiiO— GEORCE OAKIOS

ISIil— REV. W. F. CiORE

1S()2 to 1S(i7— REV. R. L. KING

1S(JS— HON. .JAMES BYRXIOS

lS(i9 to 187.S— T. \V. TiOWDEX

1874 to 1891— REV. W. .1. GCXTHER

lSf)2— \V. W. BODEXHAM

1893— A. E. MARSDEN

1894— E. .T. LOVE

189:'), 189(1 and 1897— AR< '11 DEACON' GT'XTIIER

1S98— W. W. BODEXHAM

189!) to 19(i:i— DR. REGIX.M.I) liOWMAN

124

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

1904— DR. W. SIGISMUND BROWN

190;-), 1906, and 1907— DR. .JAMES KEARNEY

1908— DR. REGINALD BOWMAN

1909— \V. SWANN

1910— DK. E. CUTHBERT HALL

1911— HARINGTON B. COW PER

The Hospital at present has accommodalion for 38
patients. There are four general wards — male and
female medical, and male and female surgical, each
with seven beds. Then there are two small infectious
wards containing two beds each, four private wards,
and a semi-private ward with two beds.

The medical staff consists of Drs. R. Bowman, W.
S. Brown, Jas. Keanu^v, E. Cuthbert Hall. R. Phipps
Waugli ant! K. Whiting, the latter at present filling
the post of outdoor medical officer.

Last year 328 patients were treated indoors, and
928 out-patients received attention.

Miss E. Fuller, who was trained at the Royal
Prince Alfred Hospital, tills the post of matron, and
she has a staff of seven nurses to assist her.

Upkeep of the hospital costs £2400 annually.

Following is a list of the officers for the year 1911 :
President. i\Ir. Harington B. C'owper; Vice-presi-
dents, the Verv Rev." T. O'Reillv, Drs. Bowman.

Brown, Kearney and Hall, and ]\Ir. P. Morgan ; Com-
mittee, Ur. R. Phipps Waugh. and ^Messrs. J.
Arundel. II. Mason, (i. T. Erby, C. Sununons. and 11.
W. IMeggitt; Hon. Treasurer", Mr. A. E. Ularsden ;
Secretary, Mr. T. D. Little ; Auditors, ^lessrs. G.
Coates, jun., and F. A. IMaccpieeu; Hon. Solicitor,
Mr. J. E. Bowden ; Trustees, Messrs. C. J. Byrnes,
Alban Gee, W. W. Bodenham. and Drs. Bowman and
Brown.

THE MEDICAL INSTITUTE.

By Mr. Joe Button, Secretary (1889 to present day).

About the middle of 1889. on a resolution agreed
to at a meeting of Carrington Tent, I. O.K.. two dele-
gates were appointed from each Lodge in Parramatta
for tlu^ purpose of considering the desirability of
establishing a iledical Institute for the town and dis-
trict ; and at their first meeting they appointed
Messrs. R. A. "Withers. J. (i. Fyall and Joe Button as
executive officers. Consideration of details received
prompt and close attention, and in a few months a

PARRAMATTA MEDICAL INSTITUTE BOARD.

Reading from Left to Riglit — Standing: Joe I'ii-lu'iirig. .1, Mi-Cue, .1. Luyaii. II. Bratby, .J. Lowe, W. Gates, L. W. Adams,
R. .1. Brown, H. Holliday, E. A. McKenzie. Sitting: J. Dnimmoiid, W. O'Brien, P. Morgan, C. J. Board, W. Muston,
G. Mortimer, W, .1. Airey, J. Button, R. C. Bartlett, AV. R. Goodman. Inset on left: W. Abell. Inset on right: D.
AVilson.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

123

sfhcme was foriniiliited, siiljinitted to, and approved
l)y the Lodii'es, aiul on Xovenil)er '22nd, ISS!). the first
UHM'ting- of the ^ledical Institute Board was held, the
institute inaugurated, and the first executive elected
as follows: President, Mr. Geo. Mortimer; Vice-
President, IMr. J. G. Fyall; Treasurer. ^Ir. Walter
Gates; Seeretarv. Mr. Joe Button; Trustees. Messrs.
R. C. Bartlett. A. Gazzard and W. Watters.
Members: Messrs. J. H. Crisp. Jas. Dellow. J. Diid^-
son. II. Winn. G. Greenway, J. Saunders, T. C. Smith,
J. Striugfellow, E. Swane and A. Walker. Auditors:
Messrs. T. J. Sargent, A. E. Marsden and T. Brien.

The work entered upon was important, and those
undertaking- it were stimulated l)y the success of
those who had estalilished kindred institutions else-
where, and they were determined to establish an
organisation which would take the place of and excel
the old .system, as well as unite the members of the
various societies into one common brotherln)od. At
the close of twenty-two years' work, it is safe to say
that the success achieved in these directions has ex-
ceeded the anticipations of the most sanguine.
Arrangements were completed by the end of the year,
and on June 1st. 1890. business was commenced in
Mr. Hugh Taylor's premises. Church-street; Dr. R.
Ferguson and Dr. Wilkinson being the first medical
officers, and Mr. Hinder the first dispenser. Very
soon, difficulties both from within and without began
to manifest themselves ; but the men to whom the
trust had been given- were afraid neither of work nor
of opposition. Believing the cause to be a good one,
and of great benetif to the ma.jority. they never fal-
tered. an<l during the course of the last twenty-two
years many of the members, especially the poor and
afflicted ones, have been thankful for the devotion to
duty, regardless of consequences, of the early
pioneers of the movement.

Some Regular Workers.

Four of the original workers are still in active
service, viz.. IMr. Geo. Mortimer, the first President ;
]\Ir. Walter Gates, the first Treasurer (now one of the
Trustees); .Mr. Richard C. Bartlett. one of the lirsl
Trustees (now the Treasurer) ; and Mr. Joe Button,
the first and only Secretary. To Mr. R. C. Bartlett
belongs the honor of length of service on the Board
of Management, he having served for 21 years out of
the 22. Though it has been found necessary to alter
and amend some of the original rules, the funda-
mental principles on which the Institute was estab-
lished remain intact.

Since its foundation, 818 Board meetings have l)een
held and 542. 000 prescriptions disprnscil. The
membership in -lanuary. 1890. Avas 945; in November.
1911. 1500. The total income from all sources was
£32.080, and the jirincipal items of expenditure were
as follows: IMedical Officers, £15,7-1:9; Dispensers,
£39(10; Drugs, t;S472 ; Rent to December. 1908. 111239.

The New Premises.

In this brief record, it is impossible to refer at
length to the work done by the Board towards secur-
ing a suitable building, for the movement was
inaugurated 20 years ago, with the assistance of th>'

late Mr. Hugh Taylor. M.L.A. From time to time
during that long period the Board has been indebted
for .services rendered, to various Premiers and to
successive members for the borough. In 1907 ^Ir.
;\Ioxham. M.L.A.. secured a pnmiise irom Premier
Cai-ruthers that the sum of £750 would be placed on
the estimates towards the building fund. However,
shortly after, the Premier retired from the ^Ministry,
and left no official record of the promise mad".
Later. Mr. IMoxham and the Secretary interviewed
the Hon. T. Waddell, State Treasui'er. with reference
to the matter, and in the closing hours of the 1907
session of Parliament the amount was passed. On
January 24th, 1908, the £750 was placed to the credit
of the 'Trustees in the Savings Bank. Arrangements
were at once made to secure the balance of the money
necessary, and :\Ir. F. E. Stowe, architect and C.E.,
was appointed to prepare the necessary plans.
^Messrs. L. Shaw and Son. of Marrickville. were the
lowest tenderers at £1297; the contract was duly
signed on June 4th. 1908. and on December 2nd of
that vear the building was officially opened by IMr. T.
R. jfoxham, M.L.A.

The Imilding affords ample accommodation for the
dispensary and w.iiting room, a connnodious resi-
dence for the dis|)enser. and on the western side is a
small hall, used foi' Board and Lodge meetings. At
this important period in the history of the Institute,
the members of the Board and its officers were: — •
President. Mr. W. R. Goodman; Senior Vice-Presi-
dent. Mr. W. O'Brien; Junior Vice-President. IMr. G.
Chri.stian; Treasurer. IMr. R. C. Bartlett; Secretary,
I\lr. Joe Button; Past President. IMr. F. S. Dougla.ss ;
Trustees. IMessrs, A. Gillespie, W. Gates and P.
ilorgan. Also IMessrs. W. J. Airey. II. Bratby. R. J.
15rown. Jas. Catt. W. II. Carpenter. J. Drunnnond.
II. ILJliday. J. Logan. J. Lowe. W. C. Ling. G. Mor-
timer. C. F. IMorlev. Wm. Muston. S. W. Perry. G: A.
Paul. J. Telfer; Medical Officers. Dr. W. S. Brown.
Dr. E. Cuthbert Hall; Dispenser. IMr. II. J. Leddin ;
Boy Assistant. B. Dawes: Auditors, .Messrs. Geo.
Wati and Gen. Folk-ai'd.

^ 0^'Z^ lyl>ttvK\

COURT PRIDE OF AUSTRALIA. A.O.F.

Court Pride of Austi'alia, Xo. 2488. A.O.F. . was
established on Julv 26, 185(i. the first meeting being
held at Fulton's (iiow TattersaU's) Hotel. The first
members were Geo. Coates. Joseph Craig. Donald
IMcGruer, Robt. Craig. Alfred Firth, John Coates,
Robt. Reid, John Fulton and William IMcLennon.
Bro. Geo. Coates. P.C.R.. whose name was fir.st on the
i-oll. and who was also the first secretary of the Court,
is the only present charter member living. During
the past 55 years. 9:!3 members were admitted. 41 by

126

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

clearance, and 892 by initiation. During the same
period, 81 members died, 53 left Ijy clearance, and
435 were in arrears or resigned, or lei't from other
causes. Tlie present membership is 364. Tlie follow-
ing disbursements have been made since the year
1880: Sick payments, £8429 16s lOd: funeral dona-
tions, £2625 14s 6d ; medical attendance and medicine,
£8094 2s 9d; management expenses, £3113 2s Id:
distress gifts, £119 2s 9d. The Court has at present
5 members of over 45 years' membership, 8 of over
40 years, and 60 of over 30 years. There are 24
members and 7 widows participating in the benefits
under the Subvention of Friendly Societies' Act.
having received the amount of £77 18s 8d from the
Government for the year 1910. During the past 12
months the sum of £518 Is 6d was disbursed for sick
pay, being participated in by 88 members. £130 was
paid in funeral donations, and £333 lis Id for
medical attendance and medicine. The total funds
amount to £3489 9s lid. an increase of £161 6s 2d for
the past year.

The first officers of the Court were: — Chief Ranger.
Bro. S. Jones; Sub-Chief Ranger, Bro. A. Firth;
Secretary, Bro. Geo. Coates : Treasurer, Bro. J. W.
Fulton; Senior AVoodward, Bro. Joseph Craig:
Junior Woodward. Bro. Robt. Craig: Auditors. Bros.
J. Craig and W. Harrison.

The present officers of the Court are: — Chief

Ranger. Bro. James Pickering; Sub-Chief Ranger,
Bro. James T. Paul; Secretary. Bro. A. F. Forsyth;
Assistant Secretary, Bro. R. Dickens ; Treasurer, Bro.
W. Turlvington : Senior Warden. Pro. A. Lucas;
Junior Warden. Bro. II. C. Ilandley: Senior Beadle,
Bro. H. Crouch: Junior Beadle. Bro. T. II. Smith;
Auditors, Bros. R. C. Bartlett. P.C.R., and R. J.
Brown. P.C.R. ; Trustees. Bros. W. Gates, P.C.R., G.
Garland. P.C.R.. and J. Adam.s. P.C.R.

GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS.

For years there have been two schools of opinion
in regard to the Government Institutions in Parra-
matta. Some have thought, and still think, that their
existence is a misfortune to the town ; that, of their
very nature, they detract from its value as a place
of residence: that the appearan<'e of inmates of the
Asylums in the streets and the Park has a depressing-
effect; that, without them, the death-rate would be
even smaller than it is. On the other hand it i.s
claimed, from a business point of view, that these
institutions mean a constant source of revenue: that
thousands of pounds are annually spent in Parra-
niatta liy them and the officers employed: tliat there
is nothing in itself objectionable to the siglit in the
streets and the Park of nu-n who have in their dav

The Parramatta Citizens' Band, under Bandmaster A. E. Taylor; with Mr. A. Gillespie (Trustee) on the right, and

Mr. A. M. Stanton (Hon. Sect on the left.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

127

tliiiic i^ood work for the State anil who are now pass-
iiiii' their cieelininy years in peaee ami <|uiet aiivl
eoiiif'oi-t as ];ensioners of the State. Happily, it does
iml fall lo our lot to discuss this question from either
jioint of view. The institutions are here to-day, and
all that eoneerns us is to describe Iheni lirietly. Hut
there are two thing's to be said.

First and foremost, they are ii'overncil llii-oiiuhont
in the most enlitihtened spirit and with the fullest
regard to the dicta of the latest authoi'ities. Some
of the buildinus mav l)e old ; the>' nri' old, as a matter

was established in New South Wales. In that year
there were 4] 53 jiersons in the two Parramatta
Asylums, in the Cottage Homes. Liverpool. Rookwood
and Xewington. Ten years later, in this present year,
there were 3097 inmates of these institutions — a
remarkable decrease, considei inii the growth of popu-
lation in the decade.

Or, take another set of fig'ures, confined solely to
the two Parranmtta As>-lums and the Cottage Homes.
Twenty years ago. in ISDl. there were 1"_'G."> inmates
— this \('i\v there are 4li7. These figures are ehupuMit

Girls' Industrial School, Parramatta ; formerly the Roman Catholic Orphan School.

ol' fact ; olil lor Australia any way. lUit the iiielhods
emi)loyed are anything but old. They are, emphati-
cally, up to date. The old-time methods are gone
be.yond recall, and ilie officers in charge of the
various institutions are all imbued — so far as one
may judge from present indications and from results
— with a fixed determination to keep abreast, if not
ahead, of the times. And in the carrying into ju-ac-
tice of this determinaticn they liave been, and ai'e,
eminently successful.

And there is this further thing to lie said, that,
if the Old Age Pensions system has not — as was
foolishly foretold of it — abolished asyhnus, it has
considerably diminished the number of persons who
are housed by the State in these buildings. The Chief
Secretary's Department courteously j)repared a
table for the use of this History, which show.s the
number of inmates in each asylum, each year from,
and including, 1890. We are unable, unfortunately,
to publish this interesting return in tabular form ;
partl.y because it includes institutions outsich; Parra-
matta and partly for reasons of space. But a few
figures from it may be i)laced in .juxtaposition. In
1901, as readers know, the Old Age Pension system

both of the [progress of the Stale ami of the uses ot
the Old Age Pension system.

To take the institutions in their natural order we
have, first,

The Industrial School for Girls.

Even at this date the hist.)ry of the main building
is involved in doubt and uncertainty, but it may be
taken that the block which now includes the adminis-
trative offices was created in connection with the
"Factory" hard by. Possibly it w^as the residence
of the long-suffering superintendent of the Factory —
a place to which he might retire when the wars of
contending factions became too hot. Any way, it is
strong enough now, with its stone steps, to stand a
siege.

For years it was used as a distinctively Ronum
Catholic Orphanage, but now it is open to the chil-
dren of parents who are of any creed or of none.
Ministers of various denominations visit it, and every
facility seems to be aft'ordcMl to the inculcation of
])articular religious tenets.

But the main ob.ject of this institution is the re-
formation of sjirls in their teens. And nobly is the

128

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

school doiiiii' its work luuli'i- the direction of Mr. A.
Thnnipson. 15. A.. Sui)erinteiident. assisted by iliss
Buhh (.Matron), and a line staff of teachers. The
ob.ject of the institntion is to take in hand the ^irls
who. throniih defective parental oversight, or from
other causes. Iwni' focilislily started on the wroni;'
path. They are pulled hack liere. They are shown
the error of their ways and are i)i)inted straight.
In times i)ast there were, unfortunately, mistakes in
the government of this school. There are none now.
It is a home for girls who ha\e had no home com-
forts. It is a school for them, wherein they nuiy
learn — and do h^arii — the lieanties and the ailvan-
tages of (dean living and lumest work. The School
■s doing a nuirvellous work in this respect. There
are now no attemj'ts at escape from what is really a
well-eijuipped boarding-scho(]l. governed by some ot
the best teachers in tin' land.

The Asylums for the Destitute.

There are two Asylums for the Destitute in I'arra-
matta — one in Maeqnarie-street and the other in
George-street. Both have historic interest. On the
spot now occupied by the old building of the ilae-
quarie-street Asylum stood once the first hospital
erected in Australia; the central block of the Oeorge-
street institution was once the barra<'ks of the
Imperial troops quartered here in tlie old days. The
greatest care and vigilance are used in the manage-
ment of these two institutions, and it is indeed sur-
prising to note how old liuildiugs and old ajiijliances
have been converted into use for the present year id'
grace. But. whatever the authorities nuiy do in tlu'
way of modernisation, the days of the Macquarii'-
street Asylum are uinnl)ered. The arrangement of
the buildings is hopelessly bail, viewed from a
twentieth century standjioint, though the nu)st is
made of every circumstance. The place is scrui>u-
lously clean, which could not l)e said of it a. decade
or so ago; but it is absolutely imjiossible fin* officers,
however capable and enthusiastic, to transform this
sow"s ear of an institution into a silk purse. The
arrangements made for thi' comfort of the inmates
are admirable, and the available op'portunities are
utilised to the utmost. The mati'on in charge of tliis
a.sylum is Miss ]\I. Crimes.

In the George-street Asylum tiicre is also every-
where to be seen evidences of tiu' most careful atten-
tion to the reasonable needs of inmates. The
matron, Mrs. Peake. and her hard-working staff are
instant all the time in discharging their important
duty to the fidlest extent. Tlie place is a pictui'e
of (deaidiness and order. I»ut it too suffers from the
disease which affects even the youngest of us. It is
growing old. Originally, as we have seen, the main
building was erected for the purposes of barracks,
and it is obvious that the old men w-ho are the objects
of the State's solicitude here are not likely to be so
active as the marines in tlie reign of George III. The
accommodation snpi)lied is of the good, wholesome
oi'ih'r, and care is taken to supply the literary as
well as the recreation needs of the inmates. The
residents vary in number as in character. Amongst

them are many men who have in their day done the
State some service, and who are entitled to peaceful
repose in their old age. JIany, too. use their re-
maining ]iowers of mind and body iu various ways,
thus adtliug to their own comfort and to the well-
lifing of their ciuurades.

The Cottage Homes.

An institution which is now on its last legs is the
Cottage Homes, which was designed ami used for
years for the benefit of married coui)les who had
fallen on evil days and who. oltjecting to the
bai-rack-systeiu of the Asylum. st)ught to spend tinur
di'clining days in comparative seclusion and iiule-
pendence. Clustered ne;ir the I'aihvay station arc
these cottage homes — well built, well furnished,
each of the sort which a well-to-do artisan would
like to rent for his family. Each honu' is conq)lete
in itself. ;iiu\ some of them are marvels of careful
attention iind simple decoration. There is a gener-
ous dietary scale — as. indeed, there is in all the
asylums — and the utmost care is taken to supply
these aged guests of the State with every reasoiuible
comfort.

The Hospital for the Insane.

The Hospital for the Insane is luiw one (d' thi^
show-|)laces of Parramatta ; and tliis not at the
expense, but to the mati'rial bcuetit. of the patients.

Dr. W. C. Williamson.

In an earlier part (d' this History a description was
given of the "Factory"" and of liow it was built and
what went on there. This Factory is now a part of
one of the best managed institutions in the State.

WlE Jubilee history of parramattA.

12D

in 1863 a visiting ceelesiastit' bad referred to it as
"a frio-htfnl old factory-prison." and it was perhaps
only natural that those responsible for its trans-
formation into an up-to-date lunatic asylum viewed
their taslt with alaj-ni and hopelessness. Thus we
find Dr. Planning writing' of it despairingly in 1868.
"It needs no special knowledge." he says, "to see
how completely unfit the old Factory, with its gloomy
and ill-ventilated cells and their iron-barred doors,
is as a residence for those meutall.v afflicted." But
the impossible has been done. In the half century
which has elapsed since this melancholy report was
handed in to the Government, .successive superintend-
ents have brought to l)ear upon the institution
enlightened ideas of the care and treatment of the
mentally afflicted. Improvement followed improve-
ment, and the present superintendent, Dr. W. C.
Williamson, ma.v honestly claim that he has more
than fulfilled his jiredecessors' highest amliitions.
He has turned the giiuuids into beauty-siiots. Know-
ing well how occui)ation in the prei)aration (if
attractive landscapes is as beneficial as the contem-
plation of them, he has achieved a two-fold triumph:
he has given pleasant emplo.vment to his patients and
— incidentall.v. as it were — he has made the surround-
ings of the old Factorv a .joy to the eye. All the
gloom that Dr. ^Manning noted has gone awa.v for
ever, and the Parramatta Ilosjiital for the Insane is
a model to the student in the art and science of treat-
ing diseases of the mind. Such patients as are
physicall.v fit take a personal pleasure in forwarding
the beautification of the Hospital grounds : and they
thereb.v advance theii- own recovery. And all the
patients, knowingl,y or unwittingl,v. derive benefit
from the labor of love in which the Superintendent
has set them an example. Externally the Hospital is
a jiicture: iiiternall.v it is admirabl.\' fitted for the
treatment of mental trouble — and marvellously suc-
cessful in this ti'eatuient .

The Gaol.

Elsewhere has been narrated \]\c history of suc-
cessive gaols in Parramatta. from the log att'air of

the 18th century. Then the first word was said in
the matter of gaol construction ; in the Parramatta
gaol to-da,v the last word is said about the humane
.^et regular treatment of pri.soners. The internal
economy of the prison, which is used for the worst
class of criminals from all over the State, is elabor-
ately simple aiul simply complete. Externall.v. the
gaol is no ornameut to the town and jiresmnabl.v it
will, louu' licfoi-c the Council celebrates its centenary,

F. E. Bloxham.

have lieen shifted liodilx' <iut of the place, llcan-
while. it is governed after tile most approved modern
methods, aiul coml)ines the nuiximum of comfort to
the prisoners with the minimum of necessary res-
traints. The Governor is Mr. F. E. Bloxham. a man
who held himself abreast of the reforms of iieiu)logy.
Just now he is absent from dut.y on leave and his
place is being taken by Mr. D. G. D'Arcy, of Bath-
urst.

The Searle Monument, Parramatta River.

130

tHE JUBILEE HISTOl^Y OF PARRAIMATTA.

SCATTERED through this book ;ul- views of Par-
niattii Park. They could have been iiuiltiplieil
indefinitely — and yet the natural charms of the
Park woukl not have been exhausted. It is a greiit
civic possession, though it is not governed by civic
representatives. There the tired citizen may Hiid
relief from cares and worries, as he wanders at ran-
dom from scene of beauty to scene of beauty.
Resting beneath the shade of a grand old tree whose
historv goes back further than his own, which has

and weatiiiT long aftci' we who celebrate this jubilee
iiave gone into the darkness — there are many troups
lit children who in their turn will grow up and think
themselves all-powerful. They too will fade away
into the unseen, having, as one trusts and believes,
done their honest best to leave the Murld a little
better, somehow, than it was when they came into it.
Nowhere else in Au.stralia is one brought face to
face with the more peaceful beauties of Nature as he
is brought in Parramatta Park. It is the oldest

The Lower Drive, by the River, Parramatta Park.

withstood greater storms than those which have
beaten on his head, he finds the peace which Nature
has it in her power to bestow on these strange
children of hers, who fuss and fret and worry their
little lives away in supposed rule of the particular
part of the universe whi(!h belongs to them — for a
moment. And under the shade of these trees — which
will bear themselves bravely in the teeth of wind

liul)lic reserve in Australia of any importance. It is
full of historical recollections. Men who are mere
names to us in Australia y)assed many a happy hour
in its glades and alongside the river which gently
meanders thr(uigh it. Sad scenes, inseparable from
the conditions on which the colony was founded,
surge to the memory as having been enacted here.
The shadowy figures of old-time Governors flit

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

131

through tlie shades. Phillip walked here, uncon-
scious of the greatness to which liis "settlement"
was to reach. (And we, who walk in the Park to-
day and ruminate on the past, are as unconscious of
the future as Phillip was.) And all the gallant
sailor-men that, by strange choice, the British
Governmejit thought best ecpiipped to ride Australia
— all strolled through the Park. Hunter and King
and Bligh, who in turn lived in Old Government
House, devoted their energies here now to this
scheme, now to another, for the development of the
resources of the country. Brisbane devoted hours
and daj's and weeks to his beloved observatory —
whose remains may be seen in the picture on p. 77.
When the naval Governors gave place to the mili-
tary, the progressive llacquarie meditated here as
to how he should circumvent Marsden, perhaps, or
as to what building he should next employ his
emancipist architect's genius upon. It is not Mac-
quarie's fault that the 20th century looks askance
on Greenway's architectural ideas: both good men
did their best in an age when ideas of any kind were
both scarce and at a discount. Darling deliberated
in this park — then Government Domain — on the best
ways and means for the squashing of a free press,
and his successor, Bourke, on the enfranchisement of
the intellect of a rising nation. Gipps, too — a dic-
tator born to an age which had no use for dictator-
ship — angrilv paced the Park, goaded to fury by the
unaccountable o|)position of even a nominee Council
to his desires and wishes. A merrier i)erson was
Fitzro.y, who did not care a liuttciii how matters of
the state progressed so long as he could enjoy his
menus plaisirs, and in his time Parramatta Park
might have been the Hyde Park of the da.^'s of his
ancestor, Charles II. Last of all tlie Governors resi-
dent in Parramatta Park M'as Sir William Denison
— who was also the last of the "Governor-Generals"
until Federation was established.

It so happened that the last year of Governor
Denison 's rule coincided with the .year of the incor-
poration of Parramatta. and the surrender of Old
Government House and Domain ti) the nation was
regarded in some quarters in the ligiit of a ])ei-sonaI
benefaction from the (iovernor to the town. Of
course it was nothing of the kind. The liomaiu
wasn't his to give; and it was not then — an.v more
than it is now — a distinctly Pari'amattan possession.
It lielongs to the nation, and its government is vested
in a Hoard of Trustees ai)pointed by the representa-
tives of the State, not by the ratepayers of the town.

It cannot truthfully be said that this system has
been attended with tiie success which was presum-
abl.y expected of it. Tlie trustees for the last half-
centurv have been of tlie town, lint they have not
been representative of the town in the way that a
person elected to Parliament is a, re]n'esentative of
his constituency. They were appointed jiractically
l).y the Board, and nobody now is jirepared to defend
the i)rincii)le of co-option. Trustees in the past have
secured the appointment of persons to fill vacancies
as the.y arose — excellent persons who have done good
service to the town, liut who were either unable or

unwilling to do good service to the Park. It has to
be remembered in their favor that they have had but
a small vote to administer, and that the.v actuall.y
had not the mone.y to devote to the origination or the
maintenance of progressive schemes. Unfortunatel.v,
however, the trustees did not attempt the doing of
things that wanted doing. Some of them seem
to have taken no interest in the work which they
undertook, and for months at a stretch there was no
quorum at their meetings. That meant, of course,
the not-doing of things that ought to have been done,
and the doing of the things l\v paid servants, more

Dr. Reginald Bowman, Chairman of the Park Trust.

or less /.cabins, liut almost inv;ii'i;ilily niiiiitelligent.
Of late, consiilerable energy has been infused into
the management of the Park, and the improvements
that have been made under the regime of the present
ti'ustees serve to enhance the natural beauties of this
national possession. To-day the trustees are: — Dr.
Bowman (chairman), T. \V. Pollock (lion. tr(>asurer),
Joe Button (lion, secretary). Dr. W. C. Williamson,
Aldermen Xoller and E. .1, iirown. and .Mr. AY. R.
.Alurray.

But the grossest carelessness could not m;ike the
Park other than what is is — the natural I'ecreation-
groinid of the townspeople and of Austr;ili;ins gener-
;ill.\ . It comprises "J!)') acres of land, admirably adajjt-
ed for the purpose to wliieli it is now put. in the ohl
days, whilst it was .vet a Covenimcnt House Domain,
pai-t was protected b.v Governor Macquarie with a
I'uhble wall. a>id this in due coui'se was rejilaced b.v

132

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

a stone wall and iron railinss- The next move will
probably he the I'eniova! of these hindrances to the
full enjoyment by tiie iieopU' of tlie i>eoi)le's pro-
perty. The old s|)irit of exclusion and seclusion is
passinj;' away, and with its de|)aiture may be wel-
comed the new spirit which will ensure the jealous
guardianship of public property ; so that every citi-
zen will regard the lieauties of the Park as things
that belong partly to himself and to be preserved
by him from damage just as carefully as his private
garden is.

It is on record in the minutes of the Council that
a couple of aldermen were so impressed with the
generosity of Governor Denison in granting the
Domain to Parranuitta. that they desired in com-
nuMuoration of this no1)le gift of what did not belong-
to the donor, to eommenuirate our last Governor-
General by calling the bridge connecting Church-
street South with Church-street North after his
luime. The proposal was liappily defeated, and
Lennox Bridge to-day recalls the builder, not an
accidental tigure-head wlio had none l)ut an official
aiul pecuniary interest in tiie welfare of Parramatta,
or of New South Wales, in' of Australia.

Athletic sports were held iu-re. in wiiidi mi'n now

living took part as competitors. Mr. E. !\1. Betts has
in his possession the jjrogramme of such a nu^eting
held on New Year's Day. 18G7 — a few years, that is.
after the incorpcu-ation of the borough. It was under
the ])atronage of the Hon. James Byrnes, and the
committee consisted of ^Messrs. J. 8. Farnell. C.
JlcCrae. Aklermen (ioUedge and Ilarjier. F. Wick-
ham. A. L. .McDougall. E. M. Betts. John Taylor,
Captain Fairclough and Dr.Fyffe. All these good citi-
zens are dead now except Mr. Betts. [The programme
was printetl in Sydney. Presumably there were at
the time no printers in Parramatta; or. if there were,
their tenders for the work were too high. Now-
adays, of course, the preference, if any, is given to
business men who employ labor and spend money in
the district.] The prizes were in coin of the realm,
aiul varied from three sovereigns downwards. It is
interesting to note the names of the athletes — ]Mars-
den. for instance. Abliott. Ferguson. Williams. Wats-
ford. Garland. Rowling. Payten aiul (iowanlock.
Several nuMubers of one family com|)eted, and one
wonders whether Charles Cawood, of the Parramatta
Volunteer Rifles, won his engagement in the "Volun-
teer match, in full uniform, 2(10 yards." Sergeant
Cawood nuiy satisfy us on this point, ten years hence,
when he is beginning to regard himself as a veteran.

The Bowling Green, Parramatta Park.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

133

CHAPTER XI.— ATHLETICS AND SPORT IN

PARRAMATTA.

BOWLING.

By Mr. Robert Goldrick (Honorary Secretary, 1906-11).

RACING the game of bowls
played under club rules
back to the source from
which a continuous and
connected history can be
written, we find that Par-
ramatta is its l)irthplace in
Australia, a n d
that I\Ir. Alexan-
der Johnstone,
senior, is the man
wlio introduced
it uiuler club con-
ditions of play.
i\Ir. Johnstone is
a native of Scot-
land, one of the
oldest residents
of Parramatta,
Parraniatta Club.
a.ue. lie was the
Parramatta: he is

thp
of
in

Alexander Johnstone.

and a life member of
He is over ninety years
first man tit play bowls
the founder of the d'arramatta Club ; and when
the first bowling- club was formed in this town in tlie
year 1870, no other bowling club existed in Australia.
More than that, the game has been played under club
rules in this town from then till now. Undoul)tedly
the man most deserving of the title of "Father of the
Game of Bowls in Au.stralia" is onr old friend I\Ir.
Alexander Johnstone; and that witlujut ih^racting
in the slightest from the great services rendei-ed the
game by the late IMr. John Young. Unfortunately.
in past years, the work of the townsmen of Parra-
matta in this direction was never brought promin-
ently under public notice. The official history of the
game has been dated from the year 1880 — the time of
forming the New South "Wales Bowling Association.
AVliat liappened between the years 1868 and 1880 —
the twelve years during which the pioneer work of
introducing and establishing the game was accom-
pli.shed — has never been recorded. That worl\ was
done in Parramatta b>' a band of workei-s led by
Mr. Johnstone, who alone had any practical know-
ledge of bowls. During the past five years, as
Honorary Secretary of the old Club, I liave had th(>
advantage of possesing the records, and of collecting
from aidhoritative sources relialde infnrnial inn upon

this interesting question. For much of the material
collected I am indebted to my old friends Mr. John-
stone, Mr. C. J. Byrnes. Mr. F. C. Cox, Mr. Neil
Stewart. Mr. Edward Ellison. Dr. AV. S. Brown, the
late Mr. H. A. Richardson, Mr. Harry FuUagar. and
many other old members of the Woolpack and Parra-
matta Clubs. Mr. Neil Stewart, who is now within
measurable distance of completing a life of one
hundred years, when writing to me a few years ago,
said: — "Mr. Alexander Johnstone and Mr. Nat.
Payten are fairly entitled to the honor of having
introduced the game of bowls with a primitive set of
wood. When the Woolpack Club was formed, which
I joined and maintained my connection with until
very old age compelled me to retire from this
pleasurable, healthy game, wc did not care about
keeping records. We thouglit much more of har-
nu)uy and good-fellowship."

At this distance of time, in the absence of complete
records, it is difficult to set down dates with exact-
ness. But from the information furnished it seems
clear that it v.-as about 1868 when Mr. Johnstone,
finding bowls unprocurable here, induced his friend,
Mr. Thomas Eades. of Pennant-street, Parramatta, to
turn the set which Mr. Neil Stewart refers to as
"primitive." Mr. Johnstone used this set on Eliza-
beth Farm in solitude, and for his own enjoyment
and recreation, at a tinu^ when others considered his
action somewhat eccentric and lilcely to be followed
tiy the filling in of a lunacy certificate. A little later,
Iwwever, when the townsfolk discovered ilr. John-
stone had persuaded such a level-headed business
man as the late Mr. Nat. Payten. of the Woolpack
Hotel, that the game of bowls was worth playing,
they began to realise that the pioneer was less of a
crank than of an enthusiastic advocate of a national
game of skill. Then the late Mr. W. Nicholl and the
old Parramatta lawyer, the late ^Ir. Tom Hellyer,
came in and completed the first rink. At that time
the only patch of ground approaching bowling green
requirements was the cricket pitch in the park. But
this was occupied during the day. and the four
pioneers named had to liave recourse to paying the
historical moonliglit night visit to the cricket ground
to witness ]\Ir. Johnstone's jtractical demonstrations
of the game of bowls. IVIr. -lohnstone won. iMessrs.
Nat. Pa^-fen. Tom Hellyer and W. Nicholl were con-
vinced that the game was Avorth playing, and Mr.
Nat. Payten then established it. He dug out his
vegetalde garden at the rear of the Woolpack Hotel
and set to work forming the first rinlc about the
year 186!). ]Mr. Harry FuUagar, in after years so

134

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

often the Parramatta Club champion, and then quite
a youth, put in some of the most streinious work of
his life M'heelinii' hai-row-lnads of soil tn hi'i]i the old
gentlemen on with their hol)b\ .

The AVoolpaek Club was formed in the year ISTO.
Two years late Judsje Holroyd laid down another
green at his private house at Sherwood Scrubs, and
about 1873-4 jMr. Biirkitt completed the tliird green
at The King's School. Dr. AV. S. Brown, then a
schoolboy, claims that he also wheeled harrow-loads
of soil to help matters along there. But whether
voluntaril.v. like Mr. FuUagar. or as a task, history
recordeth not, and the popular doctor-President
smiles in his forgetfulness when taxed at this dis-

Wickhani, Captain McCrae, Captain Fairclough,
Captain Chatfield, Chas. Ryan. C. B. Cairnes and II.
A. KicliardsDU. Other members were Sir. C. J.
Byrnes. .Mr. F. C. Cox, llr. Neil Stewart. Mr. D. D.
Henderson and Mr. Arthur Hayes — all of whom,
with oMr. Alexander Johnstone, are still living, ilr.
B.vrnes. ^Ir. Cox and ^Mr. Henderson have maintained
their club connection throughout and are active and
very skilful pla.vers still.

The old Woolpack Clul) existed a])out ten years.
Then the propert.\- changed hands and led to the
formation of the present club in 1880. At its start it
was one of the most conservative institutions in this
State, and the game was restricted to the three greens

The Committee of the Parramatta Bowling and Recreation Club.

Reading from left to right—Standing : J. Hellberg. R. Goldrick, G. Coates, jun., J. Finlayson, J. Graham, W. A. Kiraber.

Sitting: T. O. Stenmark, T. D. Little. A. E. Marsden, Dr. W. S. Brown, D. D. Henderson, R. Straub, L, C. Litton.

tanee of time upon this (luestion. And it iu;iy he
said. too. while crediting Mr. Fidlagar with his
actions, that there is a latent doubt still in the minds
of a few of the preseut inemliers of the Parrainattii
Club as to whether or not his laborus were altogether
spontaneous. The past history of these bowling
enthusiasts, however, undoubtedly entitles each to
the credit of voluntar.v ett'ort. which is here conceded
in its fulness in the absence of direct evidence to the
contra rv.

Amongst the original meiubers of the Woolpack"
C'lub and those who .joined shortly afterwards, we
find the names of the late Dr. Walter Brown, and
Messrs. Andrew Pavten. H. R\au. Cajitain Bvi-ncs,
W, Fullagar. W. f'. Burkitt, J. M. Toohev. Frank

alread.\- mentioiu'd. as there were then no other
greens to pla.\' ujion. The meiubers of the Woolpack
Club were all townsmen of high standing whose lives
wcic as inseparable in the social, jjolitical and
inuiiicipal historv of Parramatta as in the game
of bowls the.v played under most exclusive condi-
tions. They were men associated as friends, whose
political views mostl.v agreed. If .\'on were in tiie
"set" .von could Jila.v bowls: if .\ou were not. you
stood out.

Tile game in Australia owes the standing it holds
lo-day lar.ael.v to its establishment under these condi-
tions. It lifted the game from the '"up and down
for drinks"' environment wliich almost strangled
it in Kiieliind — by grading it amongst skittle-alley

^BE Jubilee history of parramatta.

135

;nul tap-room surroiuidiiiKs — into a popular game of
skill, jilayed niider (.'lub rules and ethics; ethics
which stand unvaried after the lapse of forty years,
allieit the constitution is the patchwork result of
annual revisions covering the same length of time.
Although we may advocate more ui)-tn-date methods
of election we are compelled to a dm ire the ethics of
the old school. And woe betide the members who
transgress under the impression that the rules ar(>
laws and that etliics inconsistent with laws are
luilawful ! I unconsciously transgressed against the
code governing the method of conferring the honors
of the club. I was under the imi)ression that elec-
tions l)y balliit are usually accompanied by
wholesome results, and posted six nominations for
the four offices of Vice-President. I was promptly
and firmly, but courteously, told that the Parramatt.i
Bowling Club ahvays gives with both hands anil
nevei- confers an Imnoi- without the fullest clul)
distinction beliind it : that Patrons. Presidents, and
Vice-Presidents are honored^ by their clul) for their
worth and the services they have rendered in past
\-ears; that siu-h honoi's are the gifts of the club and

Thi

of
the

unanunously confei'red.
ethics in the old club is as
laws of the I\ledes and tlu'

as such nnist
unvv-ritten coch
unalterable as
Persians.

In the course of thirty-three years the clul) has
honored but three nu^n with the title of President.
The late Jlr. R. Harper was President about ten
years, Mr. F. C. Cox twelve years, icnd Dr. W. S.
Brown, who is still in office, the only President
bowlers of the last decade knew as such. JMr. D. D.
Henderson is still going strong after twenty years
as Vice-President, Mr. C. J. Byrnes is still Patron.
He was Patron some quarter of a eentuiy ago, Mr.
Ellison was treasurer for some eighteen years. The
jiresent treasurer and secretary have each held office
about five years, and ilessrs. G. Coates, Henry ^lason,
and A. E. IMar.sden hope to beat IMr. Henderson's
"V,-P," record of eighteen years, but D. D. is a long
way off" being done." In these instances dotted down
from memory we find the concrete result of the ethics
of the old school. So there was no election. The
surplus number withdrew and the Inmors of previous
years were again bestowed upon the same V.-P"s.
with both hands, ily earnest wish is that these
gentlemen may knixdc D. D's. reciu-d into a cocked
hat. I am as piMnd to-day of the unwritten code of
the old club as 1 am of the frieudshi]) of the men
M'ith whom it has been my ju'ivilege to be associated
so long. My transgressions in this respect at least
have long since been forgiven. And if kindness,
help and invarial)le response in meeting my engage-
ments, covering five years, from all members are
testing evidences of respect and a[)preciation. 1
retire from office jiroud indeed of that long and
happy association.

Looking back to our boyhood days we can hardly
realise we are in dail>' association with the same men
upon such intiuuite. homely terms of friendship. But
they are not the sanu; men. at least not to us. No
men opened the gates of the bowling green wider to

intending bowlers of all classes in later years than
the self-same men — the remnant of the old school
who slammed the door in 187(1 to all but friends;
nor can we shut our eyes to the fruitful influences of
their worth, their example, their advice, their friend-
ship, and their club code of hoiuu' upon the younger

Dr. W. S. Brown, President of tne Parramatta Bowlfng Club,

generation of bowlers. They are nt)t to us the men
they were in years gone by. They are our friends.
A week is a ditt'erent week to us when illness falls
their way or things don't go just as they usually do —
a week when the club has a fit of the "blues." We
are proud of the old school, and glad, glad indeed to
file their names in the Jubilee History of the old
town they love, where they fought the upliill battle
of life in strenuous times; where some of them died
without a line of praise or recognition of the work
they did in establishing and fostering the game now
controlled by a States' Federation throughout Aus-
tralia. And we are prouder still of the remnant with
us yet — the connecting link with the past, tlu' living
evidence of pioneer efi:'ort.

Observant bowlers notice tlie large nninber of
players we first met five years ago. who walk, tliiidv,
talk, dress and enjoy themselves on the mat belter —
who are more refined, more broadminded, nu)re at
their ease to-day — than they were before the advan-
tages of club-life opened the way to this form of
healthy recreation, the exchange of ideas and the

1.3C

TfiE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

emulation of the niceties of life which lift hundreds
of men, unaccustomed to speak in conference, into
the position of wise and resourceful councillors at the

committee rooms of their cluhs throuuhuut Australia
to-day. Every bowler in Australia knows tlie
uplifti)i,u- influences of this game. It is too marked to
be unseen. But how many do know that, were it imt
established under exclusive social conditions in
Parramatta over forty years ago. it may still have
remained the pot-house catch-penny which led to the
flogging of a convict for playing bowls at Botany in
the year 1846 "agaiu.st the wi.sh and to the detriment
of his master's interests"? Under the presidency of
the late Dr. Walter Brown, and those presidents who
came after him under the Woolpack regime up to
1880, as imder the presidency of his son. Dr. W. S.
Brown, to-day, the game was lifted into high re])ute
and kept there. It is popular amongst all classes
throughout Australia to-day. because a bowler is
inspired with the idea that the reputation of his
club stands on top, and 'diil) hiinor is the guiding
principle in every crisis.

Commercial reasons led to tlie closing of the old
Woolpack green, and to the foundation of the
present club in the vear 1880. The founders were
jMessrs. R. A. Ritchie. W. FuUagar. S. M. Dennis. R.
Harper, sen., John Harper. Pemberton, A. Brown,
Gilbert, Kinchela, W. Brodie. Bennett. Corderoy.
John Nobbs. Fred. Weston. U. D. Henderson. Sydney
Wieldiam. P. IMaybury, H. A. Richardson. J. U.
Toohey. L. IMenser. W. R. Murray, Steiihenson. Dr.
Isaac Waugh and Thomas Barnett.

In addition to bowls the club
caters for tennis, golf and croquet.
Tennis and croquet are subsidised
b.y nominal rent charges. There are
two tennis clubs and a croquet cluli.
with a combined membership of

100; a golf club with 40 players, and a liowliug club
with a niemliership of 130. In all. the club provides
healthy outdoor recreation for about 270 towus-
jjeople.

^Ir. F. C. Cox is now the Patron, and Dr. W.
Sigismund Brown the President. The Vice-Presi-
dents are Messrs. Henry jMason, A. E. Marsden. D. D.
Henderson and George Coates. .jun. ; Mr. T. D. Little
and ]\Ir. R. Goldrick hold the offices of Hon. Treasurer
aiul Hon. Secretary respectively. The General Com-
mittee is elected b\' ballnt. and the following

Grorge Coates. Jun.

menihcrs hold office: — Messrs. R. Straub. John Fin-
layson. W. A. Kimlier. W. J. Morey. H. (^uigley,
and L. C. Litton. The Trustees are Dr. W. S. Brown
and Mr. A. E. Marsden. ami the Auditors, Messrs.
Kimber and Megarvey.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

137

Mr. William Hart.

Mr. Williiim ILirt, the liead of the firm of lle.s.srs.
Hart, HitchcoL'k and C'o., has .succeeded in establish-
ing a large and flourishing business in his native
town. He is also a champion bowler, and for several
years has held that honor in the Parramatta Bowling

Willi;

Hart.

Club, wliilc he has also represented the State witli
distinction in inter-State matches. He is a very
popular sport and citi.zen and possesses the confid-
ence and esteem of tliousaiids of clients and friends
not only for his conspicuous ability, but for high
business principles.

Dr. W. S. Brown.

Dr. W. Sigismuiid Bj-own is certainly one of the
most distinguished of Parramatta-born celebrities.
The doctor is jiopularly known as "a good sport."
and all that that ex[)ressive term conveys for skill
and straightness. As a good sport in every sense of
the term. Dr. Brown's record is unique, and, we
daresay, unequalled by any man in Australia. In
every line of sport that he engaged in he became a
champion. As The King's School's representative he
won the all-schools' championship for 4-tO yards flat
race, in 1871). The same year, and the year before
that, he was captain of the cricket and football teams
at The King's School. One of the cricket achieve-
ments of T.K.S. in which he played a prominent part
was quoted in Lillyvvhite's Annual for some years
as a record. This was the mammoth score of 560

rims scored by T.K.S. against Southey's School. On
that occasion the Doctor, C. G. Wade (afterward.s
Premier of N.S.W.). and Hillas made centuries. Dr.
Brown was also included in the Next Thirteen which
played a test match against Evans' Australian Eleven
previous to its departure for England. He also won
in 1881 the tennis chamiiionship of Guy's Hospital,
London, from over ::!0() students, and plaved three-
(luarter with the Blacklieath Football Club, then the
leading London club, when Stoddart, the celebrated
English cricketer and footballer, was one of the team.
He was captain of Gu.y's Hospital Cricket Club for
tliree years in succession, when his club won the
Hospital Cup eacji time. He received a cap of honor
with Gu.v's football team in 1882-3. Returning to
Parramatta. he won the championship of the I'arra-
matta Bowling Club, and tiie championshi|) of the
Parramatta Golf Club in l!)()!)-](). The Dr. has been
president of the l?(iwlinu Clul) for many yeai"s.

Mr. G. Coates, Jun.

Mv. George Coates, .jun., is best known t i present-
day Parramattans as an expert bowlei'. bul he has
covered all varieties of sport with distinction in his
native town. He has during the last quarter of a
century engineered successfull.v as secretary the
Parramatta Football Club, the Parramatta Rowing
Clul), and the Central Cumberland Electorate Cricket
Club. He now devotes himself almost exclusivel.y to
bowls, and has been champion of his club in several
occasions, as well as for .years one of tlie most for-
midable of inter-State players.

CRICKET.

By Mr. T. D. Little, J. P.

The game of cricket has, almost since the fnuiula-
tion of the colon.v. been one of the foremost
sports in Parramatta. It was early introduced
b.v the niilitar.v officers of the Imperial Arm.v. and
old hands tell of many important matches being
played on the grounds attached to the Barracks.
The grounds were extensive, and included the land
on which now stand the buildings of the Parramatta
District School. Unfortunatel.v the ul)i(iuitous
cricket reporter and ''The Argus Corner" were not
then in existence, so the dought.v deeds of Captiiiii
Batt.ye (an enthusiastic militar.v cricketer in the
fifties), and others of less renown, must go down to
posterity unsung. The game was fostered b.v these
military officers, and so it is not surprising that we
hear in the earl.y da.ys of Parramatta players pitting
themselves against the cream of S.vdne.v. Important
matches were pla.ved in the fifties and sixties
between Parramatta, Maitland, and the Hawkes-
Ijurv district —all important cricket centres.

The big matches were i)layed on the! Barracks
ground, on the Newlands Estate, or on the Old

13S

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Gaol Green (uow Alfred Square). The scene of one
of these matches was quite imposinp;. tents being
dotted round the ground. There would be a tent
for the honu' team, another for the visitors, also one
for the luncheon booth, to say nothing of those
erected by pulilicans and |)urveyors of ginger beer.
cider and watermelons. These matches created a
deal of interest, and large sums of money were
freely wagered on the result. Besides this, the
matches were generally accompanied by a side wager
of so much per bat — generally £5. and up to i^lO jier
bat. I remember, as a nipper, seeing one of these
matches played. It was lietween Parramatta and
IMaitland. Parramatta won. nmid a scene of great
excitement. b\" tlie nari'ow margin of one or two runs.

W. W. Bodenham.

President, Central Cumberland Electorate

Cricket Club.

I')iib Dunn fielded at i)oint, and. as a fa.st l)all was
delivered, he literally threw himself forward and
took the ball off the bat. The money was on. and the
risk had to be taken. Some of the prominent players
of those days were Tom Ashby. Robert Dunn. James
Folkes. John Booth, and Ted. Lakeman. Later on.
<mr stars were Bob Rutter. Alf. Brown. Joe Pavten.
Ted. Belts. Bill Eury. Sam Purchase. Will Parker,
and Mally Dennis. Later still, in the .seventies, we
had Burkitt. Griffiths. Vallack, James Tavlor. Dave
Richardson. W. Parker. T. Barnett. Wally Oakes. T.
Fleay. and Tom Lackey.

The Alfreds.

The chief club was then known as the Alfreds. It
took tliat name in 1868 in honor of Prince Alfred,
who visited Parramatta on the lOth of February in
that year. Mr. E. M. Belts was the secretary. Very
early in the seventies we find IMr. S. I\l. Dennis and
Mr. Alliert Rowling closely associated with the man-
agement of the club; also Dr. Pringle as president,
and the Rev. G. F. Macarthur vice-president. At about
this time the club laid down its wicket on the race-

course (the present site). The pitch was gone over
witli a scythe on the morning of the match, and that
was about all the preparation it got — .just the scythe
and the roller. A number of The King's School
masters and boys lielonged to the club at that time,
and the familiar names of Dalmas. Greenup. J. S.
Leathes. Rutledge. Beard. Bring. Kemp, and others
occur in the records. Later on we find W. A. Brodie
making his debut, also W. J. Ferris, A. Hayes, J. J.
]\Iiller. and F. Langley. The latter was a very fast
bowler, and was responsible for the In-eaking of
many a stump. That was in 187:^.

In the following year the club obtained a lease of
1he ground and set to work in earnest to make a
county ground of it — placing a picket fence round
it. and planting trees. The members of the club
in 187-1 were ^Messrs. Brodie. Williams. Nicholson.
Hayes. Tunks. J. J. Miller. Girling. l>urkitt. Rutter.
Vallack. Ferris. FiiUagar. Eury. Pass. Dr. Waugh,
Cajitain Fairclough. and the Rev. G. F. Maearthur.
Xat Xeale .iointed in that year, also C. J. Byrnes. II.
Taylor. R. Hack, R. P. Bri'en. J. Foster. Peter Brien.
Fred. Hughes. T. D. Little. Arthur Gregory, and
Jack Urquhart. and later on came Harry Thorpe,
George t'oates. Ned ^Miller. R. Goldrick. W. K. Gib-
bon.s. J. Bergin. W. Thompson. Bill Duify. W. Haw-
kins, Alf. Power. J. Ilemers. J. \'ivian. J. Sinirway,
Percy ilaybury. Harry Schwartzkoff. L. C. Rmvling,
H. Voss. 'b. 'B. O'Cdiior. Dowell O'Reilly, Stan.
Goodin. A. Anthonv. J. Anthonv, Kittv Lavor. Stan.
Ferguson. S. R. Walford. Tom Docker. Aiuly Whit-
worth. J. Whitworth. Judge Docker. E. Bennett,
Phil. Pearce. J. Pearce. Til Smith. R. S. Richardson,
J. Gailick. W. Turkington. (i. B. Uavey. ('. E. Fuller,
J. Tooliey. Gus. Tamsett. (i. Spurway. Wally Lover-
idge, Frank Douglass. W. S. Forbes. C. Church. G.
Lalor, L. Gurney. Sam. Jordan. George Jordan, and
others. After that came Joe Wilson, Frank Iredale,
Bill Howell, Coombes and Bennett.

That brings us into the eighties, so we will .just
go back a few years. Somewhere in the seventies
Ilenniker Heaton joined the club. We have no
record of his having played, nor do we remember
him as a "flannelled fool." but a committeeman of
the time gives us this little incident, which may now
be looked upon as history. Mr. Heaton (better
known then as the Black Prince), because of his coal
black hair and whiskers, to say nothing of his frock
coat, bell-topper and dainty buttonhole) had some
difference with ^Ir. Samuel Purchase, and in com-
mittee he reported him for insolence, and added, "I
would sooner report him. gentlemen, than resort to
the bulldog fashion of knocking him down." Sam
was a sturdy block in those days. He had been home
to the University, and had learned, among other
tilings, to use his fists, so there was some doubt in
the minds of the committee as to the Prince's ability
to perform this bulldog feat, so ]\lr. W. Eury .sug-
gested that the reporter aiul tiie rei>orted should
retire to tlie rear of the committee room and settle
the difference. Ilenniker. however, stuck to his
expressed principle.

lu the eighties the old club again changed its

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

139

name — to the Parramatta District,
to Central Cumberland Electorate.

and afterwards

Central Cumberland v. England.

On several occasions the players of the county
have met the visiting English teams. First they
played with 22 men, and won. They were afterwards
limited to 18. I rememljer Tom Docker putting up

60 ag-ainst the flower of England's bowling, and I also
remcTuber the memoral)le occasion when Joe Wilson
bowled the great W. G. for a duck. Grace had the
ball mounted and inscribed, and afterwards for-
warded it to Joe. Harry Donnan, of Australian
fame, played his first big match with the Cumberland
Count.v, as the Liverpool representative.

In December, 1880, Shaw and Shrewsbury's All
England Eleven played 22 -of Central Cumberland,
and sustained a defeat by five wickets. In the first
innings the Englishmen made (il (IMidwinter 26,
Shrewsburv 11). In the secimd innings they scored

61 (Selby 22, ilidwinter 14. and Ulyett 10)." In the
first innings Albert Evans (l)rother of Ted.) took
8 for 27), and Percy ilayl)ury 2 for 34. In the
second innings Evans took 6 for 35, and ^layburx
3 for 28. These two bowlers trundled unchanged in
both innings. The 22 made 78 in the first innings (J.
Scale 11, Maybury 10) and 48 for 16 wickets (W. A.
Brodie 19). The 22 consisted of Wetliam, E. Scale,
W. Sweeney. A. Hayes. J. Scale. P. A. Pearce. S.
Wearne, T." Smith. R. Putter. Player. 1'. Boon. E.
Oatley, A. Evans. Dr. Blaxland. P. ilaybury. Prott,
J. Spurwav. X. Xcalc, II. Donnan. 11. Voss and C.
Ryder.

In 1884 Cumberland again met the English Eleven,
but this time with only 18 men. The Englishmen
won by 10 wickets. Maybury took 9 wickets for
81. In Ciunberland's first innings J. Docker 24. R.
Rutter 12, and T. Docker 10. were the princii>:il
scores. In the second iiuiings J. Docker scored 43.
and J. Spurwav 20. The Cumberland team consisted
of W. Thompson. J. Docker, S. R. Walford, Jl. Xagle,
J. Spurwav. Baird, W. A. Brodie, E. Bennett, R.
Rutter, T. Boon. W. Duffv. T, D. Little. P. Mavbury.
H. Sehwartzkoff. C. Rvder, T. Docker, N. \eale and
T. Shaekleton.

In Novemlier, 1886, a Cmnherlaiul 18 again met
the p]nglishmen. when Shaw's team won by 23 riuis.
The local plavers were Xagle. T. Docker, Copeland.
Boon. E. B. Docker. J. Docker, T. Powell. W. A.
Brodie. IMaybury. Dowell O'Reilly. Bennett. Walford.
Sehwartzkoff. Xobbs. (i. Spurway. J. Cleeve. Thorpe
and Xeale. Cumberland in the first innings scored
73 (G. Spurway 23 not out. Walford 15, and Thorpe
10). In the second innings they were all disposed
of for 49 (J. Docker 16). Cleeve took 7 wickets for
20 runs. The Englishmen scored 67 in tin' first
innings, and 78 in the second.

In Xovember, 1887, Cumberland met Shrewsbury
and Lillywhite's team and were defeated. The local
team, which consisted of T. Docker. Brodie. Rice.
Bennett. Walford. Thompson. Thorpe. Tamsett. G.
Si)urwa.v, Garlick. Cleeve, W. Duffy. J. Docker.
Neale, Powell, Xobbs, Cobcroft and Sehwartzkoff.

made 72 in the first innings (J. Docker 16, Walford
11), and in the secoiul innings 241 for 16 wickets
(Rice 36. Thorpe 32, Spurway 24. Beinu-tt 20. Tam-
sett 18. Walford 15. Thompson 14. and Brodie 12).
The Englishmen totted up 272 in their first innings.

In the same year Cumberland met Vernon's
English Eleven and won on the first innings. They
scored 144 in the first innings (Walford 37, Brodie
30, Rice 10), and lost six wickets for 166 in the
second innings (Rice 62, Walford 51, and Docker 10).
The Englishmen scored 116, Thorpe taking 7 wickets
for 41 runs, aiul S. Wearne 2 for 20. The local team
consisted of Rice, Brodie. Bennett. Docker, Thorpe,
G. Spurway. S. Wearne. Thomi)son. Tamsett. Byrnes,
]\Ia,vo, Copeland, Walford. •!. Spurway. Xeale,
Garlick. Schwart/.koft' and O'Reilly. After his
showing in this match Thorpe was picked to play for
Australia against Vernon's team, and jierformcd well
with the ball.

Leslie W. Pye.

Cumberland Cricket Clul) has competed in the Pre-
miershij) battles since first they were iiuuigurated. In
the season 1894-5 the.v were ruinuu-s-up to Padding-
ton in the Hordern Shield. In 1896-7 they occupied
a similar position. Glebe being the winners. In
1899-1900 they were premiers, with Xorth S.ydney
and South Sydney equal for second jJace. Then
came the Rawson Cup. In 1909-10 they were
runners-up to University, and in 1910-11 the ehd)
stood seventli on the list in the i'l-emiership com-

140

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

petition. They began the 1911-12 season by inflicting
a crushing defeat on the 1010-11 premiers.

Amongst the members of the club, past and
present, a goodly number have played for the State
on occasions, and Iredale and Howell kept Parra-
matta to the front Avith the Australian Eleven in
England. Then we have been represented in the
inter-State matches by P. Iredale. W. Howell, H.
Thorpe, J. Wilson, W. Farquhar, tlie Rev. E. F.
Waddy. E. L. Waddy, L. W. Pye, S. Ayres. H.
Cranney, S. R. Walford. W. Loveridge; quite a
goodly array.

Besides the senior club I'arramatta has had some
good junior clubs — notably the Alberts, Defensives,
Britannias, Galateas, Unions, Coates' CO., Inde-
l)endents. and others, and at the present time Parra-
nuitta and District are running an interesting junior
club competition, the "Argus" Office giving gold
medals to each member of the winning team.

It would take hundreds of pages to record all the
great deeds of our players, senior and junior. Suffice
it to say, the old town has always been looked upon
as a cricket centre, and it still keeps up its reputa-
tion, ^lay it long continue to do so.

The record score for Central Cumlierland groiuul
stands to the credit of S. R. Walford. It was made
(luring the eighties on a holiday, against Ryde Elec-
torate team, when by foi'ceful cricket Walford put
up 307, going in at 11 a.m. and getting out at 5 p.m.
lie was batting about five hours.

Mr. L. W. Pye.

To be a first-grade cricketer is a record to be proud
of. This is IMr. L. W\ Pye 's record in 1911. He first
represented New South Wales when he scored
1G6 against Queensland. That score stands as a
record for Australia for a first appearance
in inter-State contests. He has represented Central
Cumberland first-grade for a longer period than any
other first-grade player has done for any other club.
He holds the record for th(! best all-round perform-
ance in any first-grade nuitch, viz., against Leich-
hardt District, when he look 9 wickets for 40 runs
and scored 244 off his own bat. In this match W.
Howell, the international bowler, was bowling from
the other end. His scores against Engli.sh teams, for
N.S.W., are 80 n.o., 55, 35, 27 n.o., 11 n.o. Scores of
over 50 in inter-State contests: 166, 117, 80, 66, 56.
54. Against a 2nd XI of Victoria he scored 97 and
took 8 wickets for 24 runs. A few of his tit-bits in
1st grade: 5 wickets for 13 runs, 7 'wickets for 27
runs, 8 wickets for 87. Going in first against North
Sydney on a wet wicket he scored 150 ilot out. in a
total of 220, going right through, the innings. The

year Central Cumberland won the Premiership he
won the bowling average with 40 wickets, average 15;
W. Howell being second, 41 wickets, average 16. He
was third in batting, average 47. Scores of over 200:
300 not out, 244, 239. 215 not out. 213, and 41 scores
of over 100. His cricket has undoubtedly brought
renown to the Parramatta district.

Mr. Stan. Wickham.

]\Ir. Stan. Wickham is the last, if not the greatest,
of the big footballers that Parramatta has produce>l,
although some consider that his brother, Mr. L. A.
Wickham, nnis him very close as the best all-round
native footballer. Stanley commenced his larger
football career in 1893-4 as a member of the Parra-

'^ Stan. Wickham.

niatta Focilliall Clul). Ihrii |ii-oniinrnt in senior foot-
ball, lie represented N.S.W. from 1895 to 1S98, and
from 1901 to 1906. inclusive. He was captain of the
N.S.W. and Australian team which met England,
New Zealand and Queensland in 1902-6, inclusive,
and was sub-manager of the Wallabies, an Austra-
lian Rugby Union team which visited Great Britain,
France and America in 1908-9. He is also a very
good billiardist. breaks of 100 and upwards coming
from his cue. In 1911 he took himself to bowls, a
game less strenuous than Rugby football, and that
year was runner-up for the championship of the
Parramatta Bowling Club.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

141

FOOTBALL.

By Mr. G. B. Davey.

About 40 years ago football began to make its
influence felt among the games and pastimes of this
part of the world. Men from the playing grounds
of the Great Public Schools of England, where the
Rugby game was followed as a matter of course, and
most enthusiastically believed in, first began to
wonder why it should not teach its strenuous lessons
of pluck, forbearance, endurance and general man-

fair belles of the town, and who held a position just
then in the local post and telegraph office, started
out to see if some of the local lads could not learn
to form scrums and side-step and tackle.

A Parramatta club was formed ; and the members,
in their green and white jerseys, rolled individually
in, as it were, the heavy sea-way of unaccustomed
and violent exercise, and limited finesse in respect of
the strategy and tactics of the new game. The
Ashbys, the brothers Byrnes, the brothers Griffin, C.
Morley, Peacock, W. Webb, the late F. Ijovell (one
of the founders of "The Argus"), G. Tunks, C. and
(J. Howell, (!. Coates, Thomitson (from Pennant

Parramatta' s last Representative Rugby Football Team (against New Zealand), in 1893.

Back: .las. Sorlie, Lcs. Wickham, Guy Til.hctts, .1. A. Fraser, A. G. Fraser, (W. Fairclougli), Mai. TiinUs, (H. Sehwartz-
koff. Second Bow: !•'. \V. Todhuiitcr, \V. ]'ye. T. Walters, McClutchie. Front Row: Oxby. R. Baiu-liap. .\. Ko.ly, Stan.
Wickham (in his (irst bi^ match), Wilsuii.

liness in these Snulhcrn climes, anunig scho()ll)u\ s
and others; then commenced to talk auiong them-
selves, and to organise. Clubs were formed in con-
nection with the University. The King's School, and
the Sydney Grammar School; the old Wallaroos ami
the Waratahs and a few other fifteens visited Parra-
matta district occasionally and in matches with
T.K.S. gave exhibitions of the character of the new-
game.

The magnet soon drew. "Sir. Ki'cii, Lassen, a
residi'iit who li;id cai'i'icd nff in marriage one of the

Hills, and otiicrs — s:)me of tiicm hca > ywriiihts — gave
u]) their Saturday afternoons to the ordeal of prac-
tisinu' in Rugbv games, and matches were arranged.

Thus began in

arram

atta the acclimatization of

the grand winter game of England.

Matches were won and lost, in which Parramatta 's
weight told, if skill was not always a predominating
factor in tlie rnek. \V. Coates came from Newington
College — just tlown the river then (and where
idi'eaily the game had got a good hold) — and with
him came along sonn^ strides of science. He was the

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Iriuee Chariiiincr of the dod^y run. Of course, the
rustics looked askance upon science, expecting men
like McFarline, of Liverpool, and some of the heavy-
\\ eights of Parramatta to smash down all opposition
in the contests in which they took part. But, though
C. ilorley and the brothers Hicks. G. Stettler, Tom
Moxham" (now ]\Ir. T. R. Moxham. .M.L.A.), and
others ran strongly and bumped, it began to dawn
upon those who went over to the "back of the
Park" weekly, to see the matches — and noticed the
present ex-Premier C. G. Wade, the Jlanchees, the
Whites. Bode, Ted. Brown, "Monty" Arnold and
others being trained by Raper and Burkitt — and saw
Ur. W. S. Brown, then a stripling, sending left foot
drop-kicks from cunning angles over the bar — that
strength without science was not everything.

A younger generation afterwards arose. We saw
the late Jas. Houison's great kieliing from full
back, and the Frasers ("Jumbo" and A. G.). strong
doughty players, taking their part in games between
the new-born Unions and Xomads and C'arltons ; and
the appearance was hailed of rising stars in the
brothers Wickham (Edwin and Eru., and Leslie and
Alf.), in Fred. Weston, the Garlieks, the late Tom
Auchterlonie, W. Taylor. Wally Suttor (now an
enthusiastic worlcer in tlu- Salvation Army),
MacWhirter, Harry Davies (now head official of the
N.S.W. (iovernment Savinas Bank). Les. Bowden,
Bennett (of T.K.S.). F. Firth, A. Dunlop. Watt.
ilint>-ave. the brothers Gi'oolc, II. Sclnvarts'-kotf.
Xeich.' K. :\Iiller. Ililder. E. .Alason. J. R.
Thwaite, Harry Davey (a forward, at present
revelling in unofficial civic stress — if the phrase
may be [tardoned as being used to describe
work like that of the local Progress x\sso-
ciation for the benefit of "The Road." ("arlingford).
T. Ilellyer. "Jacky" JIartin. Albert Davey, W.
Davies. and hosts of others. Regular matches were
instituted with Sydney and suburl)an and schoMJ
clubs, and the fame of Parramatta players sitread.
and that not undeservedly.

A Parramatta pen, not perhaps allogelber uncini-
nected with some of the sports matter of this
"Argus" Jubilee volume, called the attention of the
poweis tluit be to the promise, in Rugby, of Parra-
matta lads; and Suttor was cliosen tn play for New
South Wales, lie dhtained his ■Mihie": and in a
well-remembered, historic match tried (when per-
haps it was not exactly "the game'") to drop a goal.
a thing he had never been known before to attempt,
since he generally was at the heel of the scrum.
Later on Les. Wickham. ^I. Tuid^s. the Erasers (Jack
and "Soong"), and others got into the big teams;
but all the .storj' of that belongs to a later time, as
too does the tale of how came along in his might
Stan. Wickham. now only .just retired from the
game (an ex-international skii)[)er of many years'*,
and jierhaps the greatest player the town of Parra-
matta has produced (if we make a complimentary
reservation with reference to his brother Leslie — in
deference to the enthusiastic appreciation by his
compeers of the latter player's phenomenal skill).

This is not intended to be an article giving parti-

cular aiialNsis of nicn's pla.y : but the s|)ort was clean
and good in those golden days of '20 or '.M) years ago,
when Weston was full back of the fauu)us "Reds,"
and Leslie Wickham (he of the wriggling run), was
centre half, and his brother was on one wing (with
Eedy on the other), or played quarter — as the present
halves were then styled — with Suttor ; and the town
re.ioiced exceedingly in the quality of the work, as
F. Bellbridge, formerly a mighty University player,
led on "Jess" Griffin and Cairns, Fred. Todhunter,
R. C. Bartlett (Alderman, now, of Parramatta), W.
Pye, W. Fairelough, and others. So long as good,
clean sport lives in the memory of the men (and of a
good many of the fairer sex ) of those days the games
on the Back Domain will be remembered. And the
names of men will come crowding up — Shortus,
Tibbets. Tom Carpenter. S. Fairelough, W. Fair-
dough, Mai. Tunks. Jack Tunks. Tom Williams, and
lots more sturdy and strong.

Visiting teams from Queensland and from New
Zealand were met : and if the local players did not
always win they covered themselves with credit.
Well indeed does the mind go back to that game
against the Bananalanders on Elizabeth Farm, when
Lamrock, Corderoy (skipper). Little. H. Hicks, God-
frey Stettler, Peacock. Jas. Byrnes. Crook, Gill,
Auchterlonie and others (drawn from the local elnlis)
did great things, scoring a win. thanks to a inui-
through by Stettler (one of the local peds. of the
day) from right back to the Queenslanders' line; and
also to that Homeric struggle on the Parranuitta
criclcet ground, when Bauciu)p. as a dancing dervish
of a "Red" wing-forward, ])uzzled both opponents
and referee, and stabbed with infinite tricky darts
the "^laoris" " work al)out their scrum, whilst
Jim Sorlie. then i-ecently imported from "Soccer,"
brought his marvellous foot P'lay into execution, and
Heft'ernan (the iioliceman) did great things in bare
socks. On that day Parramatta rejoicetl with an
exceeding great exultation.

In those days Parramatta football reached its
heiglit. Tile "Reds" furnished skippers for tlie
intei--State and international teams in J. Frasei- and
Belll)ridge. and sent to New Zealand and (Queensland
representatives (piite regularly. Then. too. the Par-
ranmtta representatives carried off the Premiership
honors in the same year tliat the King's ScIkhiI won
their championship.

The games in Sydney, or at Parramatta. were fol-
lowed regularly by great ei'owds of supporters — a
mighty army of men and boys from the historic
borough. Enthusiasts like E. Gould (now of Goul-
burn) were fidl of facts and data, and figures of
record ; and the late H. Tunks and other rising young
players were the heroes of the hour.

Then, gradually, came a sort of re-action; and the
game of Rugby, in "town'' circles, though not in the
T.K.S. sphere, passed behind a slight mist, as the
moon pales behind a scudding cloud. The old favor-
ites took to other, perhaps even grander themes, in
business, or otherwise ; some took to bowls, to
"gowf," to tennis, or went abroad; and Ruuby was
left to younger clubs.

TilE JUl'.Il.KE HISTORY OF PARRAJIATTA.

11;^

Now the fiflcciis 1)1' Parraiiijiltii disli'ict ari' Iruidii,
and tile iioisi' of their stniuglcs makes the welkin
I'inu' o' Saturdays.

lint I lie interneeine stru^'jile between League and
rniitn. 111- some other eause. has cast the mantle of
comparative quiet over the uiory of Ru^iiy in I'arra-
matta.

For a liitle time llie "■Soccer"" i^anie was |)laye(l :
1'. Adams, the late Uavid Rea, J. Adam,' R.
.1. Brown, ("onstahle G. Rawe (who gave his life for
Em])ire in a \var in South Africa), Ilopkinson. and
n fcM' other devotees of the gaiue with the
round liall. giving exhibitions -wilh the rest of
their team, and playing matches, on tln^ far side of
the Serpentine creek, Parramatta i'ark, near the
western lodge. ]^>it to-day there is no "Soccer"
played, .save b.v schoolboy.s, in Parramatta.

--^U^r^fV^ ^^^

RACING AND HUNTING.

In I'acing, as in )iiost othei things, Parrannitta
set the pace for Australia, and the first race meeting
ever held in this part of the world was ludd here on
April 30, 1810. '1 he first event on the day"s pro-
gramme was a I'ace between a horse called Parra-
matta and another called Belfast; and it may be
presumed that even the warmest supporter of tin'
Emerald Isle will have gracefully b;)wed to the
judge's decision that the Australian-named horse
won, and will not have claimed it ar, anothei- injustice
to Ireland. In between the racing events the |iro-
eeedings were enlivened by cock-fighting, wheel-
barrow-racing, and jumping in sacks. But the cdiief
of these "side-shows" was a race betwiM'n three
ladies foi' a pi-i/.e of as much calico as woidd make a
chemise. The name of the winner of this event has
not come down in history.

Parrannitta, however, did not press its (daims
to be the home of the first racing organiza-
tion, and was beaten by a nc(dN in this en-
gagement. The Sydney Tui-f Chdi. nndei' the
patronage of Governor Brisi)ane, was formed in
March. 1825, and it had held its second meeting —
a four days' fixture, too — when the first races of the
Parranuitta Turf Club came off on October 7 and 8
of the sanu' year. If Governor Brisbane was to dis-
tinguish hims(df — and incidentally to provoke Dr.
Lang to extreme wrath — by encouraging racing in
Sydney, his successor. Governor Darling, was to help
the sport along in Parramatta, l)y starting there
the Governor's Club, which held it.s first meeting
October 1 and 3, 1828. This was a half-yearly fix-
ture, the second meeting taking place in April and
the third in September-October, 1829. Between the
two dates a match, rising out of Sir John Jamison's
Bennelong winning the Challenge Cuj) at the April
meeting, wa,s made between that horse and IMr.

William Lawson's Spring Cun. £200 to £150. heats.
This came off on the Parramatta race-course. Benne-
long winning the first heat by a head and completel.v
out-distancing the lame Spring Gun in the second.
Bennelong was evidentl.v a great hoi-se, for next
year he won the Brisbane Cup of £50 at the S.vdney
Turf Club meeting; in Jlay, 1831, he was withdrawn
after having won two heats in the Brisbane Cup and
tied with Mr. Icely's Counsellor in the third, i)ut in
October he annexed some of the chief prizes at the
Parramatta subscrip'tion races. In 1832 Mr. leel.v's
3-\ear-old Chancellor' lieat him in the Governor
Bourke's Cup at the Api-il meeting of the Parra-

Dr. James Kearney.

matta Turf Club. bi;l he won some of the principal
events at the October meeting. His old opponent,
Sjiring Gun, was killed liy lightning in Bathurst "ni
1835. Tlu^ ViY. Icely who is mentioned above as the
owner of Counsellor and Chancellor is memorable in
turf history as a breeder, and the first blood horse
foaled in Australia — in 1826, that was — was the off-
spring of a thoroughbred mare imported by him.
lie also bred Chancellor, which was jjurchased by
Mr. C. Smith, a noted racing nuni of the day, and
which died in the (dose of the year which had seen
him lieating Bennelong for Governor Bourke's Cup.

Tile Parramatta Turf Club and the Governor's
Club played their part in encouraging and pronujting
horse-racing in Australia, and a distinguisheil

TllE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRaMATTA.

145

nicmber ol' both of tlirm \v;is A(liiiir;il Rous, who
wns on the Au.sti-alijin station in coininand of lUI.S.
Rainbow, 1825-!). He lives in history as the despotic
ruler ill at'ler years of raeiiiii' in En,i>land. and he is
held in i;ratet'ul reiiienihranee by Australian sports-
men ;is tile man who imporled "Emi^'ranl . " liie siiv
of some of our best racehorses, lioth these clubs and
their ephemeral successors, includini;- the Parramatta
Jockey Clul) (1879-1883) have disappeared. Per-
haps their da.y of usefulness had also vanished, and
sportsmen here can do better for racing b.y strength-
ening other clubs. The services of several Parra-
mattans are keenly appreciated by such clubs — wit-
ness Mr. E. ^1. Hells, member of the committee of
the A.J.C.

But lovers of horse-racing in I'arramatta are not
driven far afield if the,v wish to en.ioy witnessing
good horses in closely contested struggles. Close
hand.y is the Rosehill Kacecourse, one of the
prettiest and best e(|uipped in Australia.

So long ago as 18o3 a Hunt (Uub was formed at
Parramatta. one of whose ob.jects was "to improve
the breed of horses." and another, presumalily, to
provide sport for members. This second object was
not mentioned, but two others wer<': The clulj was
"to rid the country of native dogs and of bush-
rangers." Both these vermin are extinct now. at
least so far as this neighborhood is concerned;
Donohoe's gang of bushrangers, which terrorised the
district between 1825 and 183(.), having been dis-
persed in the latter year, -when the leader was shot
and some others of the rullians executed. Dingoes
died out more slowl.v in liu'se ])arts. but on the
whole the mendjcrs of the club woidd have been
hard put to it for a ipiarry during their pleasant
career if they could onl.y have relied on the survivors.
We do not hear that the.v were fortunate enough to
have the opportuuit.v of hunting kangaroos or deer.
as fell to the lot more than once of their brother
sportsmen at the Nepean and even in S.vdne.v ; l)ut
there was alwa.ys some good excuse forthcoming for
a meet and for a more or less exciting gallop after
the hounds over country which presented ditHculties
even to good horsemen. This early Hunt Club had
long since died when the Count.y of Cumberland
Hunt Club was established in 1885, and it too has
now foresworn its enmity against dingoes, bush-
rangers and the elusive kerosene rag.

Rosehill Racing Club.

"As prett.v as a pictui'c." This aptly describes the
popular racecourse of the Rosehill Racing Club, for
whom the "sport of kings" is nuinaged by the fol-
lowing gentlenu^n : — Conuiiittee: Hon. W. C. Hill
(Chairman), Messrs. R. T. Carter, Hy. Harris. 11.
S. Levy, H. Paterson. Stipendiar\- Stewards: .Mr.
L. G. Rouse and Mr. J. .Mc.Mahon. 'judge: Mr. J. A.
K. Shaw. ILindicappe)': Mr. \V. C. C^uinton.
Starter: .Mi'. 11. L. .Mackellar. Clerk of the Seales:
Mr. (i. h\ Wilson. Hon. Timekeeper: ilr. John
Gough. Clerk of the Course: Mr. J. T. Lackey.
Surgeon : Dr. J. Kearney. Hon. Veterinary Surgeon :
Mr. F. W. :\Ielliuish. F.R.C.V.S., Lon. "Secretary:
.Mr. (teo. W. S. Rdwe. The Sydney office of tlie
Rosehill Racing Club is at 32 ;\loore-street. The
racecourse is situated on the Parramatta River,
within a few hundred .\ards of the old homes made
famous by the first IMacarthurs at Elizabeth Farm
and Subiaco. It is approachetl by trains from the
main trunk lines as well as by a liranch line from
Carlingford ; by trams from Parramatta and llir I'ar-
ramatta River; and by steamer from Sydney and
all the places en route to Parramatta. The course
is luxuriantly laid out with buihlings and gardens.
The gi'andstand can accommodate 3000 people, and
there is an amjile stand in the Leger Reserve. Lun-
cheon ro(uiis on a grand scale and dainty kiosks
provide for the full enjoyment of patrons. An
iunovation in the saddling paddock are the poles on
which are printed the names of the registered book-
makers of the club. Here the bookmakers take their
stand and make the air joyous by calling the odds.
It is a great convenience t(i the public, who know
exactly where to find the liookmaker with whom
they wish to do business. The course is I14 miles in
circumference, and has the great advantage of a
straight run of two furlongs at the seven furlongs
and twelve furlongs posts. The Rosehill Racing Club
is making rapid strides, and is fast ;issumiiig the
liosition to the A.J.C. that the V.A.T.C. does to the
V.R.C. At their last Spring meeting the R.R.C. gave
500 guineas for a race for three-year-olds, and they
propose in the Autumn to make the added money
of one race 1000 sovs. Close to the racecourse
are several large racing stables, including those of
Mr. J. Siely, who trained Flavinius (winner of the
Caultield Cup 1910), Aurofodina (who distinguished
himself in cla.ssic races at the A.J.C. meeting 1911),
as well as other good performers.

146

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAlMATtA.

Illr

"The Argus" Printing Works, Parramatta.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRA]\IATTA.

CHAPTER XII.— PARRAMATTAN MEN OF MARK.

Mr. H. W. Burgin.

Mr. II. W. Burg'in, the well known watchmaker
and jeweller, who is one of the oldest hnsiness men
in I'arramatta. is in his 83rd year. He was horn in
the house where he now resides, which was built by
his father on land purchased from the Crown by his
frraiidfather over a century a?o.

Mr. Henry Granger.

iMr. Henry ({ranger is one of the oklest business
nu'H in Parramatta. He became a resident of Parra-
matta in 1844, and after a trial at the Turon gold
diggings he opened a bakery in Parranuitta in 1855.
That liusiness is still flourishing. Ills son, ex-Alder-
man James ({ranger, retired from it with a conipet-

Caithness, Scotland, in the year 1817, and arrived
in Australia in 1837, and {)roeeeded to Bathurst.
where he lived for some years with his cousin, IMa.ior-
General Stewart. He received an appointment in
1852 as one of the gold commissioners for the Bath-
urst district. He came to live in Parramatta about
the year 1856, and he has resided here ever since.
He was made a magistrate in 1861, and occupied tlu^
position of visiting .justice to the Parramatta ({aol,
succeeding the late iNlr. ({eorge Langley. He vi'as
also a lieutenant in the old volunteers.

The Hon. C. A. Lee, M.L.A.

The Hon. Charles Alfred Lee, M.L.A., the youngest
sDU of the late Benjamin Lee — a Peninsular veteran,
who also saw service in America — was born in Parra-

H. W. Burgin.

Neil Stewart.

enc(>, ami handed it over a few years ago to liis son.
IMr. Albert ({ranger, who is now conducting it. The
founder of the business, Mr. Henry ({ranger, was
hale and hearty in the municipal jubilee year of
Parramatta. although he was then in his 87th year.

Mr. Neil Stewart.

"Mr. Xeil Stewart, a resident of Nortli Parranuitta.
was enjoying his 95th year when this putJication
went to [iress. He was

born in \hr highlands of

nuittii in ]s4l', and cdncatcd in Parramatta. In ISoti
he entered commercial life in West Maitland: in 18(5!)
removed to Tentertield. In 1884 he succeeded Sir
Henry Parkes in the representation of that constitu-
ency, and has ever siiu-e, upwards of 27 years,
without a break, continued to rejiresent that district.
Luring this term he has been Jlinister for Justice,
and also IMinistei- for Pulilic Woi'ks for the long
period of six years. Barren Jack Irrigation Works,
and the Ii'on and Steel Tndusti-y. l)esides the North
Coast and other railways and public; works, including

148

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

t.lie sewerage of this borough, are amongst the
achievements with which his name is connected.

The hon. genth^nian's early recollections of his
native town include the old Market Square, some-

The Hon. C. A. Lee, M.L A.

where ill the virinity of thr present Council Cham-
bers, and ilr. Iluizh Taylor, the father of the late
Hugh Taylor, JM.L.A.. who was a ver.y energetic man.
He also reniemliers the attendance of Governor Sir
Charles Fitzroy at tlivine service at a little church
near the Hosiiital, wliile the alterations to St. John's
were being carried out. The Covernors resided at Old
Government House in those days. Captain Shorter
was the commander of the little river steamer trading
to Sydney, and the Governor was frequently a pas-
senger. There was a coach running daily between
Farramatta and Sydney. ^Ir. Lee was present at the
opening of the railway from Sydney to Parramatta in
1856, little knowing lie was to become an important
State railway builder. After the dormant period
incidental to railway construction the progress has
been marked and of a character that ensures its
permanency. Mr. Lee's devotion to his birth])lace
has never wavered, though his life's prospects have
been elsewhere — and he forecasts a pi-ospenms future
for the district.

Mr. R. C. Goldrick.

Mr. Robert C. (ioklrick is better known socially as
the hon. secretary of the Parramatta Howling and
Recreation Club and delegate to the X.S.W.B.A. In
the Civil Service he is known as the lay superintend-
ent of the Charities Department, being next in com-
mand to Dr. Paton, the very estimable director-chief.
j\Ir. Goldrick is a native of Parramatta district, and
has a high name in and out of the service for probity
and straight-going. His portrait appears on p. 136.

Mr. J. Garlick.

Sir. J. Garlick is perhaps the most successful of the
younger Pai-ramattans. When Sir Joseph Carruthers
was Premier, Mr. Garlick 's ability on various impor-
tant commissions brought him favorably under the
notice of that gentleman, and when the Local Govern-
ment Act (which rumour states was very consider-
ably the work of ^Ir. (iailick) became law Sir Joseph
knew where to put his hand on one who could take
charge of the new ilepartnient. So now we find the
al)le young Parramattau practically maiiaying the

whole of the municiiial and shire councils in New
South Wales. Ilis principal official designations are:
Officer-in-charge of Local (ioverninent and lecturer
on Local Government at the Svdnev Universitv.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

149

Captain Mance.

Captain Henry T. Mance, of Parramatta North,
was in the Parramatta River ferry service for 50
years, and on his retirement five years ago was pre-
sented with a purse of 350 sovereigns, and other valu-

ahh^ ii'ifls, at a hii'^e |)ul)lic meeting at Hunter's Hill.
Captain Mance was going well, we are pleased to
state, when we closed down on these pages. The
genial skipper was another type of the toughness
of Parramattans, for though he was not born in the
town, but in Newcastle, he came here when he was
three years of age — thus making him living in Parra-
matta about 70 years.

Mr. Walter Gates.

^Ir. Waller Gates, of Church-street, Parramatta,
is (luc 1)1' the oldest liusiiu'ss men in Parramatta. He

to Parramatta in 1855. His birthplace was Cam-
bridgeshire. Our respected old townsman, who has
been a prominent friendl,y society man for many
years, was hale and hearty and in control of his
business when this publication went to press. Mr.
Gates had then celebrated his fiTth birthday.

Dr. Andrew Houison.

Born at Macquarie-street,
January, 1850. Received early
Mills' "Briar Cottage Academy
of Phillip and Smith streets.

Parramatta, 1st

education at Mr.

," at the corner

Then went to

has been in business 49 years and has resided in
Parramatta for 56 years. He came with his parents

Dr. Andrew Houison.

The King's School, and on liic opening of Newington
College was the first boy enrolled. In Fel)ruary,
IStiti. entered the Sydney University, and graduated
B.A. in December, 1868. Sailed for England in July,
1869. Studied medicine at University of Edinl)urgh,
and graduated, M.B., Mast. Surg., in 1873. Returned
to Sydney in 1874. Elected Hon. Physician to the
S.vdney Infirmary in Febrnai'v. 1874. in 1877
appointed secretary to the New South Wales .Medical
Board. President of the Philatelic Societies of
Sydney and Australia. President of .\ustraliau
Historical Society, 1901 and 1908. ilember of the
Synod of the Diocese of Sydney, representing St.

150

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF TARRAMATTA.

Andrew's Cathedral; also member of the Provincial
.Synod of New South Wah's. Chairman of Trustees
of Church of Eiiuiand Cemetery. Rookwood. Chair-
man of Trustees of St. Philijj's glebe lands. Author
of "History of the Post Office, and of the issue of
Postage Stamps in .\'ew South Wales."

Manly. He was educated at the Sydney Grammar
School, and entered the railway service on the 21st
March. 1876, Mr. John Rae being at that time Under-

Mr. John Harper.
Mr. John Harper, who occupies the high position of
one of our Railway Commissioners, is an old Parra-
iiuitta boy, eldest son of the late .Mr. Richard Harper,
J.P., one of the early IMayors of the town. IMr.
Harper was educatecl at Xewington College and
afterwards took on .iouiiialism. a.ssociating himself
with the staff of "The Cumberland Times." when
Garnet Walch occupied the editorial chair. John
used a rpiill i>cn and wrote a flowing hand, which
miaht be called characteristic, but the ompositors

John Harper.

called it by worse luimes than that. He was a smart
writer, and. had he continued in that line might have
nmde a name for himself. However, he did better.
He went into the railway service, and. as we said
before, he now occupies one of the highest positions
in the service.

Mr. James Spencer Spurway.

IMr. James S. Spurway. Secretary to the Chief Com-
missioner for Railways and Tramways, was born at
Ryde, on the Parramatta Rixci'. on the 2nd December,
!1858, and is the eldest son of 'Slv. James Spurway,
J.P., the well-known fruitgrower of Dundas. now of

James Spencer Spurway.

Secrctai-y tor Public Woi'ks and Couuuissioner for
Railways. During the first few years of his railway
career, Mr. Spurway was engaged in the Records and
Correspondence branches of the head office, but upon
the reorganisation of the railway and tramway ser-
vices by the late }.lr. E. ?>I. G. Eddy, in ISSi). was
appointed chief clerk. He received his appointment
as Secretary on the 1st A])ril. lillO. ()utside the
lailways. Mi-. S]mrway (Jim) was widely known in
iTJckclinL;' cii-cles in the Parramatta disti'ict. and
was cliiNcly identified with the gaiuc I'or niaii>- years,
lie was .selected on several occasions lo play for the
distr'ict against visiting-English ti'ams. and pei'form-
ed with distinction both with the bat and ball — on
one occasion straight-hitting ^^". <1. Grace out of the
Parramatta gi-(uind on the i-iver side. In a match
between a district eh'ven selected to play the f^nglish
ci'icketers pitted against the next fifteen of the
district, he sucoeed'jd. with fifteen men in the field,
in scoring 97 not out. Jlr. T. 1). Gittle, of "The
Argus." who was last man in. held his wicket intact
while .Mr. Spurway raised his seoi-e from 86 to 97,
and tlu'ii the former, ventuiang on a hit. had his
sticks dis1nrl)e(l before his companion reached the
coveted century. .Mr. Spurway also pei-formeil well
in Senior (irade in the metropolis, bowling with dis-
tinction, and on two occasions scoring over the cen-
tury, lie is also credited with the unique ])erfin'm-
ance of caplnrini;' the whole 10 wiel;i'ls. in one in-
uines. f(.)i- seven runs, when playing for the .\rgyle
(Tul) against the Kovers, in Sydiu^'y, in ls7(i.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

151

Mr. W. P. NoUer.

One of the best citizens that Pai I'amattii lias ever
possessed is llr. W. P. Xoller. ex-^Maym- of the town,
ir.i'niber "f the Parramatta Pai'k Trust, etc. I1 was

William P. Noller.
Mayor of Parramalta. 1901, 1903-7, 1907-8.

on liis initiative that the pretty .uarili'iis which udw
adorn Church-street, and which are now under muni-
cipal control, were laid out. He spared neither his
purse nor time in this labor of love which h;is adver-
tised Parramatta so successfully. Bnl, this is only
one instance of his public-spiritedness. On every
hand there are evidences of such. especi;illy in the
Park, in connection with the Soldiers' Memorial ;iiid
other substantial improvements. Mr. Noller is a
large builder and contractor, and his erected some of
the principal buildings in Sydney, as well as many
important Parramatta edifices.

COURTHOUSE OFFICIALS.

Thomas Henry Wilkinson, S.M., entered the Public
Service on ]st September, 1878. He was Clerk of
Petty Sessions at Albmy and other important towns
in the State, afterwards Police Magistrate at Mudgee,
Wagga Wagga, Maitland, then Stipendiary Magis-
trate at Newcastle, and lately promoted to the posi-
tion of Senior Stipendiary Jlagistrate at Parramatta.
Pre(iuently acts as Stipendiary i\lagistrate in the
metropolitan district.

Ernest Leslie Maitland, S.M., entered the Public
Service mi istii ( h-lnlici-. 1>>^>. Was Alining Warden
at Copeland, afterwards Police ^Magistrate at ^lilpar-
inka, Braidwood, and Stipendiary Magistrate at
Broken Hill; then Police Magistrate at Goulburn.
whence he was promoted to the position of Stipen-
diary JMagistrate at Parramatta. Frequently acts as
Stipendiary IMagisI rate in the meti-(ipolitan district.

Glentworth Addison, C.P.S. and Chamber Magis-
trate, entered the Public Service on 1st January,
1882, as Clerk to E.xamine Wills in the Supreme
Court. Appointed Assistant C.P.S. at Yass in 1883,
then C.P.S. at Yass in 1884. C.P.S. ^md Crown Lands
Agent at Yass in 1889. and in 1896 he was appointed
to the position of C.P.S.. etc.. at Cootamundra. and
thence to Singleton and Batiiurst successively. He
was promoted to Pairamatt;i as C.P.S. and Chamber
.Magistrate in 18U7. Took on interest in military
matters, Cootamundra F. Company (Yass). then part
of 1st Infantry Regt., from 1891 to 1896, and was
Captain of C Company, Singleton, 4th Infantry
Regt.. from 1900 \n 190:i.

Thomas William Bedingfeld, born 1854, Kent, Eng-
land. Inspector of Police, Parramatta. Came to
Queensland 1873 for (Colonial experience, and joined
New South Wales police force 1876. He was sta-

G. Addison. C.P S.

T. H. Wilkinson, S.M.

Inspector Bedingfeld.
E. L. Maitland. S.M.

lioned in succession ;il Wagga, Uraini. The Rock,
Corowa. and Junee, and was made Sub-Inspector at
Narrandera. Over two years ago he was raised to
the rank of Inspector and promoted to Parramatta.

152

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

CHAPTER XIII.-^THE FIRST RAILWAY IN NEW SOUTH WALES.

SYDNEY TO PARRAMATTA.

By Mr. Harry Richardson, Assistant Commissioner for Tramways.

IS Si'i)t('iiil)i'r, IS-tS. ilr. t'lias. ("owper called a
meeting' at the Uas Co's. ofitiec. Kent-street, to
elect a provisional committee to make arrange-
ments for the formation of a railway company. Mi-.
Cowper was elected chairman, and associated with
him on the committee were Mr. James Byrnes, one
of the first aldermen of Parramatta. and Mr. (icdri^e
Oakes. also of Parramatta.

A Bill to incorporate a company to be ealletl "The
Sydney Railway Company." was passed through I'ar-
liament and was assented to on the 10th October.
1849.

]\Ir. Shields, the engineer, siiljmittcd a i-eport I'e-
commending that the first portion of the railway be
laid out to serve as a common entrance to Sydney
from every part of the interior, and designated "The
Main Trunk Line"; and commenced at the Ilay-
mar]\et. near the .junction of Elizabeth and Campbell
sti'cets. and passing through Chippendale. Xewtowii.
Ashtield and Hojnebush to Ilaslem's Creek, nearl\-
lOy^ miles from Sydney. The J'arramatta line was to
be a continuation of the main trunk line at Haslem'-s
Creek to the junction of the Dog Trap Road with
the Sydney and Parramatta Road at Beckett's
Bridge Toll-bar. thence under the Western Road to
the intended Parranuitta station ii|)on the Govern-
ment Domain at Pitt Row. ojiposite Argyle-street.
and al)out 220 yards south of the entrance to (Joveru-
ment House. The distance was 41,1; miles from
Ilaslem's Creek.

On May 28, 18.50. Mr. Cowper advised the Colonial
Secretary that the company iiad deposited £10,001)
in the Treasury on the Railway accoiuit. The com-
jiauy was then authorised to coiiunence work. On
-July :5. 1S50, the tir.st sod was turned in Cleveland
Paddock by Mrs. Keith Stewart. On September 80.
1850, Mr, Cowper, on behalf of the company, apjjlied
for land for the terminal station at Parranuitta ; but
the site asked for was objected to b\- tile (Jovernmeiit
as being too near Governiiient House, and as calcu-
lated to cut up the Domain grounds.

Difficulties in Starting.

On March 4, 1851, seven tenders were received for
the tirst W^ miles of railway, and the tender of iMr.
Wallis was accepted; but, owing to labor ditticiiltics,
consequent wpon the gold discovery, little progress
was made, and the contract was cancelled. On IMay
9, 1853, Mr. Cowper suggested to the Directors that
the whole of the works between Sydney and Parra-
matta be given to Mr, William Randle, but, owing to

the many financial dif'ticult ics the cDiiipaiiy had to
contend with, the work was not completed.

On .June 27. 1854, Parliament appointed a commit-
tee to inquire into and report as to what measures
should be adopted to provide for the general intro-
duction of railways into Ihc colony. The Committee,
in an exhaustive report, acknowledged that jirivate
companies could not succeed without (iovernmeut
aid. and that these important works should be taken
over by the (Tovernmeiit, On December 2. 1S54, an
Act of Parliament was assented to giving ixiwci- lo
the Government to purchase the railways and all
works belonging to the S\'dney Railway Co,, and
placing the administration under a Board of three
commissioners. Under this Act Captain E, W, Ward
was a]ipointed Chief Commissioner, and .Messrs.
Barker and Kemp Commissioners,

Towards the end of September, 1855, the works on
the Parramatta line weie sufficiently advanced to
allow of its being opened for traffic. .\ board was
appointed to test the line, and a trial trip was made
on September 22, and, two days later, a report was
submitted to the Colonial Secretary certifying that
the line was iierfeetly safe for traffic. On Seiitember
25. 1855. it was oiicned for traffic. On the arrival
of the tirst train at Parramatta — the station was then
near where the southern line crosses the Dogtrap
Road, now known as the Woodville Road, Granville —
his Excellency the Governor (Sir William Deni.son)
was invited by the Commissioners to lunch at Wil-
liams' Hotel, known as the Woolpack, on the site
where the Parramatta Court House now stands.

Getting Up to Date.

Up to 181)1 wood was useil as fuel in the locomo-
tives, and almost daily complaints were received
from fiassengers regarding destruction of their
clothes from sparks. After several expei-iments Mr.
Whitfon. engineei--in-chief, had alterations made in
Ihe boiler tubes and exhaust i)ipes, so that coal could
be used instead of wood, and an entry in his journal,
dated February 4, 18()1, reads: "Took out the 10 a,m.
train to Campbelltown with engine No. 9, burning
coal. Experiment quite successful. Ordered all
engines to be altered in same manner."

Cheap horse tramways had been suggested as the
means of carrying the traffic between Penrith and
Bathurst, and Caiupbelllown and (ioulbiirn. and the
projjosals had many sui)porters. On July .'51, 1861,
Mr. Whitton, in his report in opposition to the tram-
way proposals, and in favor of steam railways, said :
"Having carefully considered the advantages of the

THE JUBILEE IIISTOkY OF PARRaMATTA.

Iu3

hvo .systems, liorse and steam power, and the g'reat
i-e(.liK'ti(iii whieli can l)e made in tlie cost of workinii'
by the adoption of better ^faclients than those on
the existing roads. I have no liesitation in reeom-
mending that the lines t<i the sonth and west, as well
a.s the proposed extension to the north, be constructed
and worked thronahout by steam power. The result
to the colony would be greater expedition in trans-
port, greater economy and regularity, and greater
safety, than by an.y other means of locomotion."

The (i(.)vernment approved of the recommendation
to construct steam railways, but it was nut until
May '27. 1.SH9, that the railway was opened to (ioui-

Harry Richafdson.

burn, (ireater obstacles were met with on the wes-
tern line, the nu)st difficult being the ascent of Lap-
stone Mill from Emu Plains, and the descent from
Dargan's Creek, near i\Iount Victoria, into the Lith-
gow Valley; and the line was not opened to liatluu'st
until 4th Ajn-il. ISTli.

A One-Horse Railway Proposed.

On l^'ebrnary )!. 1S7(), a select eonniiiltee was ;ip-
poiuted to iu(piire into the best mode of facilitating
inland traffic and railway extensions generally. On
IMarch 25, Mr. McLeay. chairman of the Committee,
presented the report, which contained recommenda-
tions to the following effect: Tluit the main trunk
lines should not for the pi'csent be extended beyond
(ioulburn. Bathurst and Murrurundi; that horse rail-
ways to a 3-feet gauge, with rails 251bs. to the yard,
be laid witht)ut unnecessary delay. In support of
their recommendations the Committee held that a

horse railway would be equal to the heaviest demands
for years to come. They considered the line frcun
(ioulburn to Yass could not have an annu;il goods
traffic exceeding 10. ()()() tons, including up and down
traffic, and this would give, at 3U0 working days in
the year, about -i-i tons as the daily traffic, or 16'/!;
tuns each way : and, as a horse could draw 19 tons on
a level rail the work on the I ioulljurn-Yass line would
not be beyond the power of one horse.

Progress, 1861-1911.

'^1 lie lew figures tliat follow show the pl'ogress

made in connectinn witli railways since the incor-
poi-atinn (if Parranuitla in istil.

1861 1911

Miles oiicii 7;! 3760

Number jiassenger:^ carried 'A)7i,')iH. 60,919,628

Number of tons of j^ootls carried ... 101,130 10,3.5.5,50.5

Total capital exiicnded £1,536,032 £50,971,894

Total revenue i;75,004 £6,042,205

Total expenditure £61,1S7 £3,691,061

Number of trains d.-iily to I'arraiiiatt;i (i 34

Number daily fnini l';irrainatta (i 38

FAKES.
Ordinary single fares from Sydney and I'arramatta —
1st 2nd 3rd

1861 .. 3/3 2/8 1/9

1911 .. 1/- -/8 —

First-class season tickets. Sydney and Parramatta —

Monthl.y. Quarterly. Half-yearly. Yearly.
1S61 .. £3 6 8 £8 15 £15 6 3 £26 5
1911 ..160 326 5 12 6 10 2 6

Second-class .season tickets, S.vdncy and Pairam.atta —

Monthly. Quarterly. Half-yearly. 1'carly.
1861 .. £2 12 6 £7 £12 5 £21
1911 .. 17 3 2 16 3 14 6 6 14 S

\n 1861 pas.sengers paying the above second-class rates
liad to ride in oi)en cars with hard board scats.
Train mileage —

lS(il . . . . 214,881 miles

191 1 . . . . 17,I1II6,(;!I7 miles

L^o^

Mr. Harry Richardson, Assistant Commissioner
for Tramways.

.Mr. Kiehar(lson was l)oi-n in Derby, England, in
18-49. Therefore he is not a Parramattan by birth,
but he remedied this omissiiui at the earliest possible
ojiportunity b.y coming to live bere in 1856. His
father. iMr. Ralph Richardson, became Town Sur-
veyor in the early .\'ears of the Parramatta Council,
and reference has alreatly been made (]). Ki ) to his
work in coniu'ction with the Hunt's Creek Reservoir.
Very early in his career did the subject of our sketch

154

TllE JUlilLEE HISTORY OF PAllRAMATTA.

begin a connection witli tiic railwiiys wliich has been
of so mucli benelit to the State ; for he first went to
school at a dame's school, kept by a ^Irs. Kemp, in
a tent on the banks of the Duck River, near where
the Clyde railway station now stands. He completed
his education at Newington College, on the Farra-
matta River, in December, I860. As a youth he was
employed by Jlessrs. Ilallen and McEvoy. surveyors,
and assisted Mr. Hallen in the survey and alignment
of the streets of Parranuitta when the town was
incorjjorated. He is probably the only one living
who was employed by the Parramatta Council innue-
diately after its incorporation.

Mr. Richardson entered the railway- service as a
.iunior in the traffic department in ISIiH and was
transferred to the audit department in lS(i!). Here
he worked up to the position of insiiector of accounts,
but he re.joined the traffic department in 1873. and
served in turn as station-master, chief clerk to traffic
manager, traffic inspector, and coaching (passenger)
superintendent, during the time the railways were

luuler political control. When they weie placed
inuler a Board of Commissioners Mr. Richardson was
appointed outdoor superintendent of all lines, and
was iield responsible for the actual working of the
Udods iuul ])assenger trains throughout the system,
and for making recommendations as to the selection
of the best men required for working the traffic. It
was his duty to study the development of the exist-
ing traffic and the creation of new. and to confer with
district officers with a view to ensure that the great-
est economy in the wa.y of engine power, staff,
expenses and stores is exercised throughout the lines.
He was selected for this position by the late ilr.
Eddy, and after 12 nu)nths' trial his s;il,-ii'\' was
iiuu-easetl by £100 per year. After Mr. Edd\"s death
.Mr. Richardson was appointed by the late Board of
Commissioners as superintendent of the lines, with
increased responsibilities, at a further increase of
£100 per year. In ]!)l)7 he was appointed Assistant
C;)nnnissiiuu"r f(n- Tr;imways at a salary of £1501). a

po:,iti:)n he holds t:i-da\".

CHAPTER XIV.— THE PROGRESS OF PARRAMATTA.

AS EVIDENCED BY THRIFT.

R. HARRY RICHARDSON. Assistant Commis-
sioner for Tramways, has shown in the fore-
going chapter the nmrvellous advance that
has been made in the way of i-ailwa\s during the i>a.st
half-century. We are enabled, by the courtesy, of
Mr. David ]Mitchell. ^Managing Trustee of the Savings

Bank of New South Wales, to show h:iv.- Parranuitta
has advaiu'cd. as proved from another point of view
— the number of depositors in the Parramatta branch
of this Bank and the growth of the amount at credit
of dei)ositors. The evidence goes back 73 years.

The Parranuitta l)ranch was opened on August 8,
1838. and the following table tells its own story: —

Ye;ir.

Nnmlipr (if

^Vnitmnt a

credit

depositors.

of Depositors.

s. d.

1838

17 .

(1 1)

1848

8-! .

2.4!)ii

111

1858

313

1 6.;) 17

6 7

18(i8

461

19.281

1 4

1 878

641

24.5.-,!)

111 11

1888

'.ril

37.073

1(1 2

18!)8

1()3-^

5!).5S6

15 I)

1908

2461

125.052

12 6

imo

■J6I17

13l).!)85

15 5

'I'he large increase in depositors and deposits is
particularly noticeable in the yeai- lOOS. and is ac-
counted for by the fact that in the year lilll3 tlie
bi'anch business was removed to its present position
in George-street. Parramatta. The office was then
opened for business daily diu-ing usual banking
hours, thus increasing the facilities to the public for
business.

Since the estahlishnunit of the liraueli the lollow-
inii' u'entlemen have occupied the position of acciunit-
aiit:-.Mi-. Michael Murphy (1838-1840). Mr. Charles
Croaker (1840-1844). Mr. M. Pearson (1844-1848).
.Mr. V. X. Watkins (1848-1861). and I\Ir. John Taylor
(1861-1003). .Mr. Taylor was succeeded by Mr. 1".
A. Drewett, who is still in charge.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

155

CHAPTER XV.— CULTURE IN PARRAMATTA.

PARRAMATTA SCHOOL OF ARTS.

By Mr. J. Arundel, J. P., Vice-President.

BEAHL\(i the less ambitious title
]ii;itta Jleelianics' Libi-ary
Room" what is now better
"Parraniatta School of Arts." l)e<:'aii

of the "Parra-
aiid Reading
known as the

in 1S5(). and is

Library Connnittee "the use of the room at the
west end of the Hospital for a reading room."
Rather a lame start for a body now 61 years old, yet
still Koing. The Mr. Statham referred to was the
President of the Library Committee. He was one of
the proprietors and publishers of "The Australian,"
in Sydney, in the "forties. '" and was for a oousider-
alile period one of Parramatta's most intelliixent and

Parramatta School of Arts Committee.

Reading from Left to Kiglit— Standing: A. V. B. Dolan, C. E. Dale, T. P. C. Burstall, .1. Wilson, F. W. Todluuiter, E. Lee.
Sitting: F. .7. Thomas (lion. Treas.), W. F. .lago (Vice-President), .J. \V. Hill (President), .1. .Arnndel, S. Davies (llou.
t-!eeretary).

the second institution of its kind in .New Smitli
Wales. In the mist of these 61 years the early
records altogether vanished. It is recorded, how-
ever, in the minute books of the Parramalta l)isti-ict
Hospital for 1850 that the Hospital Comniitlce had,
on the application of Mr, Statham, granted to the

public-s])irite(l citizens, lie is identical with the ]\lr.
E. H. Stathani whose energetic association with All
Saints' Church Inis heeu already recorded.

Among the oldin- hooks yet lo lie found on the
Library shelves (most of them solid both in binding
and in the letterpress) it is occasionally seen that

156

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

the donor was the Hon. E. Deas Thomson, who, as
the nominee Colonial Secretary for many years in the
pre-eonstitutional days of New South Wales was long
practically its Premier. Whether these books were
"Government grants" from him, or private gifts,
there is, however, nothing in the volumes to show.

After leaving the Hospital, and able ap[)arently
to walk on its own, the Library for some time had
its "local habitation and a name" at another bniUl-
ing in Pliillip-street, where it had a good-sized hall
used for public purpo.ses, as incidentally mentioned
in other sections of this History. Possibly the im-
pecunious condition of the institution is partly
accounted for by the fact that it had a generous way
of letting this hall free of rent. In 1SG7 it removed
to Maetiuarie-street, but not to its present site ; for
the 1867 building, which was purposely built for it,
formed the north-western corner (facing Macquarie
and Taylor streets) of Parramatta's largest public
school — Parramatta District School, whicli. by the
way, may in a few months have the yet loftier name
of Parramatta High School. This 1867 home of the
School of Arts was opened by the Hon. Jolm Hay,
then member for Central Cumberland in the Legisla-
tive Assembly, where he had been the Speaker.
Afterwards — known now as the Hon. Sir John Hay,
K.C.M.G. — he, for nearly 20 years, worthily occupied
the position of President of the Legislative Council.

In ilay, 1882, the then Parkes ^Ministry resumed
for public school purposes this School of Arts build-
ing erected in 1867, and the institution was again
homeless. Accommodation for its books, etc., was
found for a considerable time in a house in George-
street, and later, l)y arrangement with the Town
Council, ill the .Municiiial Liliraiy at the Council
Chambers. In August. 1882. in the same chambers, a
public meeting was held, presided over by Alderman
Josepli Booth, the then ^layor of Parramatta, at
which it was resolved that steps should be taken tii
provide suitable pi'cmises for the School of Arts.
The ultimate, tlidiiuli somewhat delayed, outcome of
tliat resolution was the erection, in IS^.') and 1886. of
Ihe existing commodious building in Maccpiarie-
street. This was opened by Lord Carrington (now
an Earl, and Lord Privy Seal) in Jlareh, 1886. on
his tirst visit to the old town. The occasion was eele-
In-ated by the iuevitaldi' b;in(|iiet. whilst in the lec-
ture liall of the new liuilding some approjiriate
verses, writttm by Mr. R. A. Withers, then of the
"Cumberland llereury," were sung by 100 members
of the Parramatta Union (ilee Cluli, conducted by
their leader, the late j\lr. C. IT. Spier. The Xqu.
Archdeacon Gnnther. the I hen President of tlie
School of Ai'ts (a ])osition he held for five years in
succession) occui)ied the eliaii' at these opening cere-
monies. With the new building the members obtain-
ed longer hours in the library and reading-room.
Previously they had only been opened at night from
7 o'clock; now the.y were available from 10 a.m.. and
in otluT ways more progressive conditions and
metliods were adopted. (!(mse(iuently, whilst the
progi-e.ss was comparatively slow, yet for a number

of years a steady increase both in membership and
in usefulness was annually reported.

Up to 1893 technical classes, under the Department
of Public Instruction, were carried on at the Parra-
matta School of Arts. In that year, however, after
the banking panic which darkened it, these classes at
Parramatta were closed under the Dibbs Govern-
ment's scheme of retrenchment. Ever since, despite
the offers of successive committees of the Parramatta
School of Arts to provide, rent free, class rooms for
technical education, all the local classes for that
l)urpose have been centred at Gi'anville, where they
are attended by many students from' Parramatta and
its western and northern outskirts.

A debt of tl.'JOO was left on the present building
after its erection, and at intervals successive com-
mittees have by various means attempted to, and
have succeeded in appreciably lessening the debt,
which now amounts to about £900. In 1901 a billiard
room, holding one table, was added to the buildings,
followed in 1902 by a- second talde. This then new
departure tor some years considerably increased the
popularity and income of the School of Arts, the
expenses, of coinse, increasing as well. .

The library, now comprising nearly 6000 volumes,
forms the most important and alluring asset of the
institution, as is shown by the average issue of about
2l).()()ll volumes during recent years. Thei'e is also
a valuable reference library, available to the mem-
bers. The reading room is likewise well suiiplied
with most of the leading monthly magazines, both
English and Australasian. With regard to the books,
whilst in Parramatta, as everywhere, fiction largely
outnumbers the rest, yet amongst the general litera-
ture may he found many of tlie best modern works of
llistoi'y, Piograjihy. Travel, Science, etc., in our lan-
guage. Put the institution lias (huie more tiian this —
for it lias introduced to the I'airamatta public
famous men of flesh and blood, ruder its ausjiiees
Proctor, the nstroimmer; Charles ('laik. the lu-illiant
inter|)retcr of Dickens and Macaiila.v: .Vlexander
Forbes, the unrivalled w<ir cnrrespondent ; and ^lax
O'Rell. the keen satirist of our national foibles, have
lectured. Indirectly through it -loiin Foster Eraser
has visited our town and district and given his
entertaining talks: whilst some of our own citizens
have had similar opportunities of proving "the
mettle of their pasture" as piililic instructors.
Amongst these we note the names of Dr. Woolls. Dr.
Harris and the Hev. J. W. Inglis — to name only citi-
zens who have .joined the great ma.iority. T^niversity
extension lectures have always been encouraged by
the successive committees. A standard Australasian
.school liook, the "Growth of the Bi-itish Empire,"
had its genesis in the School of Arts here, when its
author, 'Sir. A. W. Jose, first gave the series of
University extension lectures which sul)se(pient]y
supplied the title to the hook.

The personnel of the Coiiiiiiittee has. of course,
continually changed, Imt for many years it has been
fortunate in its three executive officers. President,
Hon. Secretary, and Hon. Treasurer, Amongst the

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

ir,7

prosidents appear one Archrleaeon (Omither), one
Ileadiiiaster of The Kind's School (the Rev. A. H.
Champion, M.A.). also one assistant master there
(Mr. A. B. Keage, B.A.), several bank managers, one
(loctor (Dr. R. Bowman), who also holds the distinc-
tion of having occupied the presidential chair for the
longest recorded term, six years in succession ; one
editor (Mr. II. Schwartzkoff). one architect (Alder-
man J. W. Hill, J. P.). scNcral prominent officials in
the t'ivil Service, leading linsiness men and private

citizens. Whilst it would be invidious to particu-
larise individual members of the Comiriittee. it would
be ungrateful not to place on record the lU years'
effective work of the present Hon. Treasurer. Alder-
man P. J. Thomas, and the seven years' service of the
late Hon. Secretary, Mr. J. A. ilanton. I thankfully
own that but for the list which Mr. ^lanton made
of the officers of committees from 1897-1908 this
record would have been much more difficult to com-
pile.

Front Row (left td i-ight): ( ). Kvaiif

Hall (Pns.), \V. F. Jago, i<\ A. Macqiiein. Standing: II. .1.
Carponter, Aid. F. .1. Thomas, L. .1. McKay (linn. Treas.).

THE PARRAMATTA HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

Committee of the Parramatta Horticultural Society.

P. 11. Wi'st, 11. Oliver. Sitting: .1. A. .Mantoii (Hon. Sec), R. W,

The Society owes its formation largely to Ihe
Parranuitta Progress Association. At the invitation
of that body a meeting was held in the School of
Arts in February, 1909, when the response of repre-
sentative townsmen justified the initiative taken. A
strong society was formed, the following gentlemen
being elected as the first officers: — Patron. Mr. ("'.
Beresford Gairnes; President, Dr. t'uthbert Ilall ;
Vice-Presidents, Alderman W. F. Jago and Mr. Hv.
F. Emert; Committee. Jlessrs. J. J. Miller, E. J.
Murray, Alderman F. J. Thomas. .Vhler-man J.

FiTiiusoii (lion, .riidge), K. .J. Murray

Harper, Di'. Ciillrliert
. A. Henderson, W. H.

Graham. L. J. ^IcKaA'. \V .T. Andi'rson. A. -1. W'ari-rn.
II. :\l. Todhunter, "f. Meads, (i. Folkard, U. W,
llarpc)-; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. I'. A. Drewett ; Hon.
Secretary: Mr, J, A. Manton.

The first show was held in the autumn of 1901), and
this has been successfiill.y followed each spring and
autunni with a show, at which a valuable silver cup,
donated by Colonel Jas. Burns, IM.L.(!., is comjieted
for, while each month a meeting is held when exhibits
are staged, and papers read and discussed. The
ini'inhership numbers al)out LiOil.

The following gentlemen are the officers foi' the
year 1911-12: — Patron, ('olonel James Burns; Presi-
dent. Dr. E. Cuthbert Hall; Vi<'e-Presidents, Dr. R.
Bownuin, Dr. J. Kearnev. Dr. W. S. Brown, Dr. R.

158

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

Phipps Waugh, Dr. W. C. Williamson, Aldermen
John Waugh, W. F. Jago (Mayor), Jas. Graham and
F. J. Thomas, and Messrs. John Shorter, Hy. F.
Emert, R. W. Harper. W. W. Bodenham, P. E.
Bloxham. Alfred Barrv, C. E. Bvrnes, T. D. Little,
J. W. Hill. W. T. Anderson. Geo. Folkard. A. G. H.
Durham, Edward Evans. J. Phillips, Geo. Knight,

P. A. Drewett ; Committee, Messrs. J. J. Miller, E.
J. Murray, F. H. West, A. J. Warren, A. Henderson,
J. H. Davies, H. Oliver, O. Evans, 0. Loutit, W. H.
Carpenter, R. A. Irwin, T. Brien ; Hon. Judge, Mr.
H. J. Ferguson ; Hon. Treasurer, ]Mr. L. J. McKay ;
Hon. Secretary, Mr. J. A. ilantou.

Committee of the Parramatta Choral Society.

Back Row (loft to right). — E. C. IStroet. II. Crellin, T. (.). Stciiniark, E. A. Liifts, II. h. W'ook-ott. Front Row: I'. Ilarri
R. M. Ferguson (C'onductov), A. Barry (President), R. Biirgiii, ('. Grossmaiiii.

MUSIC IN PARRAMATTA.

A GENERAL VIEW.

By Mr. Alfred Barry.

THE progress of the musical art dnriiiii- tlic pasi
fifty years in the Parramatta district is quite in
keeping with the tremendous strides made by
the industrial, commercial, and scholastic life of the
community during the period under review. When
one bears in mind. too. the remarkable advance in the
standard of music tuition in Australia — particularly
during the past twenty years, it is a matter for
sincere congratulation that this Parraiiiattii district
has shared to the fidl the raised standard of musical
culture u'enerallx-.

To give a simple illustration id' this it may be
worth.v of mention that 25 years ago a student's
pianoforte education was considered complete when,
after several years' tuition, she could negotiate such
pieces as "The JIaiden's Prayer." or "Silvery
Waves." Nowadays, however, students are expected
t(i give artistic interpretations of the classics of Bach,
Beethoven, Chopin. Liszt, etc.

In this connection, too, it is noticcalile that con-
siderably more attention is given to the study of
liianoforte technic than formerly, thereby gaining
increased flexibility ami rapidity (if action of the
fingers, thus enal)ling the studeid to more eifectively
gi-ap])le with tlu' intricacies of the most elal)orato
compositions. Another factor, too. in the higher
staiuhird of cultiU'e referred t<i. is the fact that
•students iiow frequently inciiidi' tlic study of

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

159

hai'iniiiiy in their musical education, and this iiinst
certainly assists them to form a higher intellectual
conceition of any classic they wish to interpret. It
is pleasing further to note the large proportion of
hoys whi) are now taught the pianoforte as com-
pared -with former times.

In (lealiuL;- with the sub.ieet of tlu> raisrd stniidard

although really beautiful voices are almost as rare,
unfortunately, as they were years ago, yet unlike
years ago there is now no limit to the number of
persons of both sexes who, even with voices of only
mediocre quality, can yet give artistic renditions of
drawing-room songs. And while it cannot be claimed
fill' our district that it has [)i-oduced a ]Melba or a

Committee of the Parramatta Orchestral Society.
Back Row (left to right): J. Teddiman, J. Pinlayson, S. G. Rawlinson, J. Arundel, H. O. Fleming. Front Row: J. W. Hill,

L. Carpenter, W. P. NoUer (President), V. Watsford, W. F. Jago.

of music it would be unjust to omit mentioning the
imi)ortant part which the musical examinations —
conducted by bona fide musical institutions — have
played in this connection. Our own district of Parra-
matta is known as one of the most successful centres
of music in New South Wales. Year after year
brings distinction to the district, in the shape of
nunun-ous medals, scholarships, etc., gained by our
students, and that, too, in competition against the
State. Particularly does this apply in the case of the
pianoforte, violin, and harmony examinations.

In the study of singing and voice production also
there has been a big advance in the methods of
instruction, also a large increase proportionately in
the number of students who now learn that art, and

Caruso, it can be safely affirmed that there has been,
and is now, a large number of artistic singers in our
midst.

Then again, with regard to the violin, one notices
the large number of students who now learn that
instrument — and in this district it is further remark-
able the large number of girls cultivating the art of
violin playing. The standard of teaching, and
playing too, is immeasurably in advance of the days
of long ago.

The musical life of the district is still further
added to by the existence of a flourishing Orchestral
Society and several brass bands, military and other-
wise. These institutions, or their predecessors, have
been in existence in our midst for very many years,

160

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

and tdiifther with several effieieiit eluireh ehdirs. they
unite in the fostering' of a beneficial ninsieal influence
ill the district. Casting a retrospective glance at the
past, and an eye on matters musical as they are at
present, there should be a hriglif future here for the
divinest of the arts — music.

The Parramatta and District L'lioral Society was
just beginning work when this article was lieing
written. It starts under most favorable auspices,
with a performing membership of about 100 voices.
If one ma.v judge from the enthusiasm which has
marived the beginning of file Society, a flourishing
existence is assured.

Mr. ALFRED BARRY.

,<_-^

PARRAMATTA AND DISTRICT AMATEUR
ORCHESTRAL SOCIETY.

William Walters.

It was .Mr. William Walters who lirought under
notice the idea of forming an Orchestral Society.
and at a public meeting held in the School of

Arts on 2nd February,
1906. the Parramatta ami
District Amateur Orches-
tral Societ.v was formed.
The oljjects of the Society
were to practice instru-
mental works and to per-
form them in public, and to
give an opportunit.v to our
local students to show
their abilit.v on the con-
cert platform. The Society
has succeeded in its ob-
jects; the orchestra has
I)erformed some delightful
works, and some very
brilliant .\oung instrumentalists have been brought
luider public notice, both locally and in S.vdne.v.
The Patron. Col. Burns, and the President. Mr.W. P.
Noller. J. P., have shown a keen and practical
intei-est in the Societ.v since its formation, and tlie
conductor and originator of the Societ.\' has devoted
mVU'h time and energy to bringing the .voung
orchestra up to its present high Standard. The
management has alwa.vs had its eyes open for the
best assisting artists, and it is safe to sa.\ that no
other- society ever br(uight along such an array of
talent as has a.ssisted at the eighteen grand concei'ts
that the Societ.v has arranged. Two years ago the
Orchestral Society was granted the patronage of
Governor Lord Chelmsford, a distinction that no
other local society has received. Already the Society
has been longer in existence than any former bodies
of similar character in Parramatta: and the wa.\- the
(lublic have generousl.v supjioi'ted the efforts of this
musical organisation during this jieriod should put
7iew energy into the management for tlie coming year
and many years after.

Xo si'ction on nuisic in this publication wo\dd bi-
complete without some reference to a resident o!'
Parramatta whose talent and skill as a successful
teacher are held in high repute right througliout the

Alfred Barry.

State. We refer to ;\lr. Alfred Barry. It is some
fifteen .vears since ilr. Barrv commenced ])ractising
in his profession — that of a teacher of pianoforte and
singing — in Parramatta. It did not take long for
him to prove his abilit.v. for man.v successful students
were sent forth from his studio within the first few
.vears. .and in competition against tlu' State his pupils
distinguished themselves over and over again b.v
gaining first place and the medal at the higher exam-
inations of the bona tide examining institutions. In
addition, many successful recitals, both vocal antl
pianoforte, were given by advanced students, dis-
])laying a high standard of artistic merit, and speak-
ing volumes for the skilful teaching evidenced.
Pupils began to come under ^Ir. Barrv 's tuition from
far and near; his success as a teacher attracted so
iiian.\- students from S.vdne.v and suburbs, that lu'
found it a matter of necessity to also estal)lish a
teaching studio in Sydne.v. and for the past five years
his weekly teaching appointments hav(> been equally
ilivided between both places.

It is an open secret among the musical ])rofession
in S.\dne,v that Jlr. Barr.v has one of the largest
teaching connections in New South Wales — indeed
it is also well known that at times his teaching hours
are so filled that he is unable to accept all the new

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

161

IHipils wishing to ijlaee tlieins(^lvps under his tuition.
In such cases, however, intending students are gener-
ally content to wait a short time until a vacancy
occurs. A matter which speaks volumes for Jlr.
Barry's remarkalde success as a teacher, lies in the
fact that some of the pupils, after being under his
tuition for several years, have themselves set up as
teachers, and are giving a good account of them-
selves in that capacity. In our own district, the
names of Jlisses Gladvs Green (A.T.C.L.), Evelyn
Valhmee (L.A.B.), Jes.sie Shirdeu (A.T.C.L.). Lilian
and \'era Haigh, Messrs. Arthur Haigh, Hector
Fleming and others, are already familiar as teachei-s,
and they were all pujnls of ilr. Pnirry. Kacli of
them we feel sure would be only too anxious to
gratefully aidvuowledge what they owe to his talented
teaciiing. in fitting them fi)r the pi'iifcssioii tiiey are
choosing.

As a pianist and accompanist tin' subject of nui-
sketch takes high raid-c. ^lusie lovei's in this district
will recall with jjleasure the num.v dciigiitful con-
certs which ^Ir. Barry gave in the Town Hall during
the first few years of his career. In these he was
associated as pianist and accompanist witli undoubt-
edl.y the tinest artists this State has ever heard —
several indeed have since crossed the water and are
carving out big reputations in England and America.
In this connection the names of IIett,v Ilolroyd (now
Madame D'Argo). ^larie Narelle. p]va Mylott. Carrie
Lancely. Maiul Dalrymple. Phnily Shirks. Rivers
Allpress and Henri Staell will be recalled with keen
delight. Mr. Barrv's teaching work increased to
such an extent, however, that five or six .vears ago
he had to relincpiLsh these concerts, much to the
regret of man.y music lovers of the district.

As a com|)oser jMr. Barr.v has shown distinct
(d)ilif,v. At the concerts referred to above, several
of his ])iano compositions were played by him — one
in particular we remember hearing two or three
times, "The Waterfall." an exquisite piece — the
composer pianist being recalled and encored several
times. Mr. Barry has also written a good deal of
sacred music. One of his anthems. "Gotl is a Spirit,"
is nnich sung l)oth in this State and Victoria, tlie
])ublishers, Paling and Co.. having sold about 2(11111
copies to date. Some time back, indeed, we had
news of this particular composition being sung l>y the
Anglican Church choir in Nottingham. England. As
an organist ]\Ir. Barr,v's artistic pla,ving and fine
technic are as keenl.v ajjpreciated b.v the regular
attendants of historic St. John's. Parramatta — where
he IS organist — as they are b.v the large number of
persons of all denominations who attend there when
he is announced to give a recital. .\i]<\ it is a remark-
idile tribute and worthy of note, that the organists
of the largest churches in Parramatta and throughout
the district, are. with very few exceptions, cither
past or present pupils of Mr. Barry.

As an ad.iudicator at eisteddfods and competitions,
the sub.ject of our sketch is nnich in rcc|uest, and is
regarded as one of the ablest judges of vocal, choral
and piano music in the State. He has adjudicated
at all the chief festivals and eisteddfods in Sydney

and principal country towns for the past five yeai'S.
His services are so nnich sought after for this kind
of work — always at verv remunerative fees, too —
that he has to refuse many of the engagemet-.is in
order that his teaching work might not lie inter-
rupted. i\Ir. Barry's career is one cif which any innn
might feel justl.\' proud.

Miss KATHLEEN LONG.

Miss Kathleen Long, whose i)ortrait is reproduced,
one of the best violin-pla,\crs Parramatta has
produced, is a daughter of ex-Alderman and ilrs.
Long, and a membei' of a famil.v distinguished for
artistic lu-illiance. ;\Iiss Kathleen Long won two
gold luedals for vinlin playing for the highest marks
in the Associated Itoard's examinations, intermedi-

Miss Kathleen Long.

ate and advanced. She has also won many medals in
public competitions. Miss May Long, her sister, won
the gold medal for nnisic at the LTniversity junior
examination, for iiighest number of points. She has
also won medals at pul)lic comjictitions. Jliss Lilian
Long, another sister, has twice won the gold medal
at the Commonwealth Eisteddfod in S,vdney for elo-
cution; and the youngest of the four. Miss Patricia
Long, won the gold medal for piano pla,ving at the
Sydney competitions, aa well a;; other prizes for
violin playing.

162

TfiE Jubilee history of parramatta.

Mr. HECTOR OLDEN FLEMING.

FEW iiii'u luive attained proiiiineiK-e in tlif pro-
fcssiiin of JInsie as quickly as ilr. Ileetor
Olden Fleming. He gained his know-
ledge of Voice-production and Siugiu"- in the studios
of iMadanie Amy Sherwin (of London), and the
knowledge thus gained from this very eminent
teacher is being imparted to many students in Jlr.
Fleming's studios. As a teacher ]Mr. Fleming has
shown his ability by the performance of man.\" ot
hi.s pupils at their recitals, and there were ample
evidences of careful and artistic training. Madame
Dolores has also commented very highly on some of
]\ir. Fleming's pupils. He is organist and choir-
master at the Glebe Fresbyterian Church ; and con-
ductor of the St. Cecilia Choir, which consists of 70
ladies' voices, and has earned very favorable com-
ment from the Sydney Press for j)erformances at the
Sydney Town Hall. Students of voice-production
and singing and pianoforte should interview Mr.
Hector Olden Fleming. Studios: Nicholson's.
George-street, Sydney; and at I'lackhurn's. George-
street. Parranuitta.

A LEGAL QUARTETTE.

TllK legal i|nartette on tliis ])age is ver\' nuirh
a home product. Three of them were born in
Parramatta. and one (although a very young-
man) has been [iractising in the old town for over
sixteen years. All young men in this juliilee year.

/S^^

Hector Olden Fleming.

is interesting to record that the Hon. .James Byrnes'
signature ajijieared on a jietitioii which was antagon-
istic to Parramatta being created a municipality.;

p. H. RabiUiard.

F. W. Todhunter.

C. E. Byrnes

-E. K. Bowden.

they ha\c won their way in their |)rofession by
ability and into i)ublic confidence by attention and
probity.

Mr. C. E. Byrnes is a grandson of tlie Hon. James
Byrnes, who was ^layor of Parramatta a few monlhs
after the date of incorporation, and his father, ^li'.
C. J. Byrnes, was actively identified with tlu> Muni-
cipal Council for over a (juarter of a century. (It

Both gentlemen left a very high record tor consist-
ency and uprightne.ss in the public positions they
occupied, and their descendant. Mr. C. E. Byrnes,
has won a toi-emost i)osition in his profession; and
all hough he jirefers to give more attention to his
large ])rivate |)ractice, .he has been singularly suc-
cessful in all the big law cases in which he has
instructed counsel.

THE JUDILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

163

Mr. E. K. Bowden is the son of Mr. J. E. Bowden,
a respected Parramatta native who has enjoyed a
large practice as a solicitor for some fifty years. Mr.
E. K. Bowden has given a good deal of attention to
politics, and for some years represented the Nepean
Electorate in the Commonwealth Parliaiiicnt. His
firm has always been recognised as authorities on
inunici[)al law, whichh is not to be wondered at, as

Mr. J. E. Bowden has been legal adviser to the Par-
ramatta Council since 1860.

Mr. P. W. Todhunter was born in Mudgee, but, as
stated above, he has been practising in Parramatta
for over sixteen years, and has a large clientele in
both private and police court work.

Mr. P. H. Rol)illiard is proud to claim Parramatta
as his native town. He is a conveyancer by profes-
sion and also en.ioys a very large practice.

THE PARRAMATTA WOOLLEN MILLS.

THE great Australian wool industry has for nuiny
years l)een M'ell represented in the Parramatta
district, and mainly by the well-known Parra-
matta Woollen Mills, which pl\' their useful vocation
.iust outside the northern liouudary of the town, and
.iust within the .jurisdiction of the Baulkham Hills
Sliiro Council. This old-established industry was
taken over as a going concern at the commencement
of the present year by the Sydnex' Woollen Mills,
Ltd., a company with a capitai of
£100,000, having its town offices at
40 King-street. ]Mr. A. E. Daking-
Suiith is the managing director, and
the mill manager is Mr. C. Miller.
Under the new regime the works
have been galvanised into fresh life
and activity, a quantity of the most
np-to-date machinery has been pro-
cured and it is proposed to go on
extending and improving the plant
so that by and by operations will
be carried on (ui a very large scale.
All classes of woollen piece goods,
khaki, tweeds, flannels and rugs
form the staple commodities
manufactured at the mills, and
tlu' company contract largely
for the State and Common-
wealth Ciovernments for ma-
terials for uniforms, shirtings,
and so forth. In years gone
by — 1898-9 — the mills obtained the gold medal at the
Royal Society for rugs and blankets. At the Franco-
British Exhibition in London in 1908 the uniforms
sent by the Parramatta Woollen ^lilis obtained the
grand prix, a gold medal. Referring to this exhibit
the executive secretary of the N.S.W. Commission
wrote: "The jurors were greatly taken with the
exhibit of uniforms from the Parramatta Woollen
Mills and spoke very highly of them. A manufac-
turer from Bradford, a Mr. Godwin . . . was on
tlie jury, and he said the cloths were excellent, and
that he had no idea that cloths of such good (piality
were made in Australia."

Most people have probably but little id(>a of the
intensely interesting and ingenious processes tlir(nigh
which the material of their everyday clothing must

pass before it becomes a finished article. The latest
inventions and patents, as shown to an "Argus"
representative by Mr. C. Miller, are so wonderful
that machinery seems almost to do everything and
exercise a measure of independent judgment, and the
idea of i)utting in a live sheep at one end and taking
out an evening dress suit at the other does not seem
so wildly exaggerated after all. Space will not allow
us to do more than give a very short and incomplete

Parramatta

Woollen

N.S.

itV^a of the operations. The whole of the complicated
maehiner.y is driven liy two engines (one steam and
one suction-gas) whose comliined strength is about
8(1 h.p. The first scene in the constantly enacted
drama is the receipt and opening of the bales of wool,
of which we were shown a large number in the
capacious shed. This wool is sorted and scoured and
passed through a centrifugal hydro-extractor and
then an up-to-date drying machine wherein hot air
blasts dry it at the rate of about 3000 lbs. in eight
hours. Thence it is borne to the dyeing house, in the
huge vats of which it assumes the complexion it is to
wear for the rest of its existence, whether as khaki,
navy blue uniform clnth. oi- other material. Then
again washing and di'ying ai'c preliminaries to the
teasing, cleansing, and otiier processes which the

164

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

material has to tjo thronsh at the hands, or rather the
teeth, of first a spilced and rollered eoutrivauee, loolv-
ing' lilce a fearsome medieval instrument of torture
and known as a "Willev," A "teazer. " which

A. E. Daking. Smith.
Managing Dirtctcr* of the Sydney Woollen Mil's. Ltd., Parramatta.

seems t" he a similar machine on a sniallei' scale,
further spreads and se])arates the fibres, and another
machine frees the wool fi-om burrs. Then, in the
carding machine, we I'each a wonderftd. almost in-
telligent, monster which weighs and spreads the wool
and lias a successor which "sci'ibi)lcs." and ultimate-
l.v it is f(ii-med into a roj-e called a "sliver." The
process is carricij lui "da capo" liy an iiitci-i"ediatc
machine, rrmn which it emerges in tile fonii of a
broad rilibdii and this via a "Scotch feed" airange-
ment to a iiiacliine which i)rings it into tube-like form
for winding on tlie sjiools of the spinning "mules."
Beautiful meclianism. delicately contrived, spins the
threads for "warj)" and "woof" of the cloth that is
to be and tluMi it goes to the marvellous looms, the
crowning wonder of the whole, where the sliootiug
shuttle files and the thread is quickl.\- woven into
cloth. The Company has recently introduced a
number of new looms of tiie most modern make and
style with all the latest improvements, and these
splendid machines, guided b.v male and female
workers, are quickly turning out beautifully wrought
fabrics and weaving all the intricate patterns of the
"Gordon Tartan" and other arti.stie devices for rugs
and .so forth. I\Iany of the rugs, we observed, were
double, i.e.. had a different pattern on each side.

F'urther processes are to be seen in the washing and
milling room. when, after having been washed, it is
dried in a i-apidiy revolving hydro-extractor,
which throws off 70 per cent, of the moisture, and a
fulling machine shrinks it from (iO to about 50 yards
in length, and from some 72 inches in width to about
56, Then it is dried outside on "tenters" (soon to
be sui>erseded by a modern machine inside
the l)uiidiiig), and then it is brushed, steamed
and shrunk until is is alisolutely unslirinkable to any
further extent, rolled and given a lustre b.v means of
l)lowing and air suction, or — if its nature so requires
— given a "pile" by means of a macliine armed with
"teasles. " These are a sort of thistle-growth mainly
Ill-ought from the S((uth of France, though tiiey have
been ol)tained (and will again when possilde) from
\'ictoria. Indeed the company's policy is to encour-
age Australian manufacturers as much as po.ssible.
]\Iore than one of its machines was made at Geelong,
in Victoria, where others arc under order. One
WDuld have iieen at work now. but for the shipping
strike interfering witii its transit. A most ingenious
iiiacliiue fol<ls tile finished cloth and it is tlien ready
for file customer. The company employs some SO
men and women, and is at present paying over .tltjOOO

C. Miller. Manager at the Woollen Mills.

a year in \v,-ii;cs. Siieh an enterprise, witli all the
i)right pros|)ccts before it of increasing Inisiness,
must, it is ol)vious, constitute a very considerable
factor in the prosperity of l^irramatta and tlu' sur-
rounding district.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

165

A LARGE PARRAMATTA INDUSTRY.

ONE of the largest busi-
nesses ill Parramatta is
that conducted by Messrs.
Hart, Ilitehcoclc & Co., near the
railway station. The business
was started in 18-56 by the
father of the present senior
partner. Old Mr. Hart was
joinetl in partnership by the
late i\Ir. Lavor, father of the
well-known local bowler of that
name. That was about 1870.
This jiartnei'ship lasted about
ten years, .-inil was confined
]u-iiicipally to buildinji' and con-
trairting, many of the public
buildings, churches and the lil^e.
being' erected by them. The
business of timber merchants
was started by Hart & Sons in
1880, nut that was dissolved in
1891. and Messrs. W. Hart, jun.,
and W. W. Hitchcock then com-
menced a highly successful part-
nerslii]), which continued up to
liHl, when Mr. Hitchcock retir-
ed, and sold his interest to his sou, ^Ir. W. Hitchcock,
and Mr. George Folkard. When the tirst Hart-
Hitchcock partnership came into existence '25 hands
and nine horses were employed, the wages being
about £50 per week, and the stock valued at about
£3000. At the present time there are employed 103

bauds and 30 horses, the wages being over £200 per
week, and the stock valued at £20.000. All foreign
timliers are imported direct at the rate of about
half-a-million feet per month. To facilitate the hand-
ling of this large (luantity of timber the firm have
extensive wharves and mills on the banks of the

Parramatta River,
adjacent to the Rose-
hill racecourse. The
slorage yards here
;ii-e ei|iiipiHnl with
111!' best machinery
and lialf-a-mile of
liMniwaw The joiu-
eiy mill has liad to
lie extended several
tinu's to meet the
trade, and when this
l)ook was being pub-
lished an addition
was being made
wliieli would give au
additional 5000 sq.
feel of sjiace for new
niacliinery aliout to
be fixed. Our illus-
trations show the
luain buildings and
ofTices in Darc.v-
street and the mills
on the river side.

ICG

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

AN UP-TO-DATE PARRAMATTA ESTABLISHMENT.

'^ X 7YC0MBE HOUSE is the most up-to-date and
enterprising business concern in Parramatta.
It has a shop frontage of 150 feet to Church-
street, and embraces five principal departments,
namely, drapery, millinery, dress goods, boots and
shoes, and mercery and men's and boys' clotliiiig.
The business has developed with .surprising rapidity

right up to the latest Sydney improvement. Mr. G.
T. Er1)y purchased this business twenty-one years
ago, and liy sterling methods he has forced its
growth from a stock of £3000 to one of £10,000. The
bullv of the stock is now ]i\iivliascil direct from Eng-
lisli and CiintiiiiMital iiianuracturei s, and ilr. Erl)y is
thus enaliled to i>ive liis customers nut nnlv tlie hiti'st

Wycombe House, Church Street, Parramatta.

luiilcr Mr. Ei-l)y's far-sccini;' and energetic manage-
ment. AVlu'U lie hr.st toolv owv tlu- Inisiiiess,
Wycombe House was confined to one small simp.
>.'iiw it extends lialf-way down the bluck in ( 'hiii'di-
street from tiie Bank of X.S.W. cornei-. having tak'cn
the premises o(M-u])ii'd by other businesses. The
buildings, too, have Im'ch i-cinddi-lliMl .-unl lironebt

fashiiiiis iiui at prii-cs wliicli place WycDiiibe Ilmis!'
(in ail eipial t'dotinu- willi the liest linuses in New
South Wales. Mr. Erby is a niagistrati' of the tei-ri-
tm-y. ,-111(1 a citizen who exercises his iiniloiilileil busi-
ness ability in many a uood cause, ami especinlly on
the committee of the Parramatta District Ilosiiital,
(it which he has been a member for many j'cars.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

167

Some of the Departments at Wycombe House.

Millinery, Fancy Haberdashery, Household Drapery and Toy Departments.

Boots and Shoes and Mercery Departments.

lOS

THE JUBILEE IllSTORY OF PARRAMATtA.

THE HOME OF THE OLDEST PHARMACY.

OUR illustration shows an interior of
.Mr. L. W. Pye's pharuiaey, oppo-
site the Post Office, Parraraatta.
The business which Mr. Pye succeeded to
twenty years ago is the oldest pharmacy
in Parrainatta. It first had its habitation
nearly opposite what is now the Masonic
Hall in Georue-street. The proprietor
then was Jlr. Whitaker. and the business
was running early in l^.jO. ]Mr. Wliit-
aker had opened tlic iiharniacy opposite
tlie residence of Drs. Pringle and Fife,
wlio occupied the two-storey building
facing the Parranuitta saleyards. ^Iv.
Rowling succeeded I\lr. Whitaker, and he
moved along to Church-street, next to the
Bank of New South Wales. JMessrs.
Parker. Gaud and Virtue followed Mr.
Rowling, and then came JMr. Pye, who, in
the parlance of the game of which he is
still so skilful and popular an exponent,
is still not out. at 19 years, and apparently
well set for another decade or two, or for
just as long as he cares to fill in his time in
uess. I\Ir. Pye enjoys a large practice, as he
to do, as his business is certainly one of the

the liusi- to-date in New Sciutli Wales, and untc^d for the
deserves i)uri1y of its diugs and t-hemieals, and the ability
most up- and pi-ciiiii)tiiess of the dispensing department.

WOOLPACK HOTEL

'ihe must famous of all the hotels m Pariainalta.
the Woolpack. has always attracted a good class of
tourists to the town. In the fifties and for years
afterwards it was the popular resort of fashionable
honey-mooning couples. The first proprietor was
ilr. William Nash. Then came ^Irs. Xash. ^Ir. Wil-
liams (first IMayor of Pairamatta). ^Messrs. Xat.
Paytcn. E. J. "Wehlow. Riehanl Smith. Gray, J.
Jlance, Edward Marshall and M. Ilavdon. Mr. W.

Rees. the present (iroprietor, became the laudlnrd in
the jubilee year, and soon succeeded in establishing
the confidence of the local and travelling public. The
first place of worshiii in Australia was erected on the
site of the Wooli)ack Hotel. It is interesting to
record, too. in this jubilee year that it also occupies
Ihe site of the first eouneil chandler in Pai'rainatta.
The present Woolpack Ildtel has ani]ih' room for
acconnnodating many guests, ami is well furnished
and fitted througlnnit. The original site of the
Woolpack Hotel was where the new courthouse now
stands, and on what are now rooms for the constables
was the site of the first clai) bowling green in ,\.S.W.

THE JUBILEE HISTORT OF PARRx\]\lATTA.

169

THE AUSTRALIAN GAS-LIGHT CO.

THE Australian Gas-liglit Company has the proud
distinction of being the premier gas company
in the Southern Hemisphere. The Act of
Incorporation dates from the 7lh September. 181^7,
when, thi-ough tlie elforts of Rev. Ralph ^Mansfield,
the present comjiany was founded, (xreat interest
was taken in tlu' matter by His Excellency Sir
George Ciipps. then (Jovernor of the colony, and
when the works were started, the Directors, in re-
porting the proceedings to the shareholders, express-
ed themselves as follows: — "As an hundjle expres-
sion of llie company's loyalty, the Directors selected
for the tirst night of lighting. Her ^la.jesty's Birth-
day. M<mday, 24th of May, 1841. and authorised the

however, severely taxed the resources, and eventu-
ally at Mortlake. on the I'arramatta River, tlie Com-
pany erected two gas holders, one being the largest
in Aiistralia. having a capacity of .'{.ToO.OOO feet. The
mains now cover over 101), ()()() acres, with a popula-
tion of over 6()l).()()() inhalntants, Fi'om the com-
mencement the Company has secured cajiable Boards
of Directors, the present Board consisting of the
following: — Messrs, G. J. Cohen (chairman), lion.
Henrv Moses. M.L.C, (vice-chairman). A. Wigram
Allen. C, II, Myles. W. C. Goddard. li. S. Levy, P, T.
Taylor, A. F, Robinson, A, Consett Stephen, A, G.
JiilsdH, S, H, Car\-, J. Moir: Secretarv and Trustee,
Mr. K. .1. Lukey; Engineer, Mr. T. .J, Bush, .M.LC.E.:

supply of gas for that one night to lie free of
charge." The private lights in use on that night
amounted to 181, but by the end of the following
month they had increased to 685. The population
of Sydne.y at that time being only 25,000. the Direc-
tors considered that the storage capacity of 90,000
cubic feet of gas was more than adequate for numy
years to come. In 1852 the Company found it neces-
sary to purchase land at Woolloomooloo Bay as a
site for another tank and gas holder, and two years
later land at the Ilaymarket was secured for the
erection of a gas holder to meet the demand at that
end of the city. The growth of Sydney and suburbs,

Treasurer, the Bank of New South Wah's, There
are 1055 miles of mains laid, 1515 miles of service
pipes, with 10,911 public lamps. The gas manufac-
tured during the last twelve mouths was :!,022,80ti,000
cubic feet, to produce which 212.188 tons of coal and
l,-'i()0,7()l gallons of oil were usetl.

In 1890 the Parrauuitfa works were accpiired. and
the supply of gas taken by a trunk nuiin from the
(Company's works at ^Mortlake, The old works have
been demolished, but the Comjiany has an up-to-date
office in George-street, Parramatta, the representa-
tive being Mr. John Finlayson, Clerk-in-Charge.

ITO

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

BRUNTON AND COMPANY.

MES8KS. BKl'XTOX .t ("(). cstHhlishcd them-
selves as Hour millers in llii' year 1868, and
I'm- nearl\ twenty years their only plaee of
business was in Melbourne, Victoria. Tlie founder
of the firm was the Hon. Thonuis Bruiiton. In the
year 1887 the business was extemled to Sydney,
wiien the lari;e mill al (Iraiiville, ll2 miles

from Sydney, l'{; miles from i'ai'ramatta, at
the jnnetion of the main Soullicrn and Wes-
tern lines, wa,s started, wliieh enables the
company to deal with an output of 10,000 sacks
weekly. Messrs. Brunton and ('omi)aiiy. however,
do not confine themselves to the Australian markets,

Brunton & Co. s Granville Mills.

but extend tih'ii' oprratinns to t'liosc at a distance,
their brands being as well known in the inai'I'iets in
London and the East as they are in Syilney antl Jlel-
bourne. The Sydney office of the company is at 187
( 'larence-street. and the .Mclliourne office at Collins-
street West. Mr. .John S. Brunton, the seidor part-
ner in the company, is the son of the founder of the
busiiu'ss. and well known in eonnnercial circles. For
many years he has been a member of the Sydney
Chamber of Connnerce. and held the position of Pre-
sident foi- the vear 1898-9.

Complete System of 60 in. Break Rolls at
Brunton & Co,'s Mills.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

171

THE PARRAMATTA CAFE,

Mrs. TINSON,

Proprietress.

CHURCH & MACQUARIE STS-
PARRAMATTA.

Meals at all Hours.

Afternoon Teas a Speciality.

Three-Course Dinner, 1;

The Parramatta Cafe,.

GOVERNMENT SAVINGS BANK

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

viv-

Head Office: MOORE ST., SYDNEY.

Parramatta Branch, Corner Church and Phillip Streets.

J. E. GUYOT, Manager.

The

Bank with £16,000,000 to Credit

with Absolute Government Guarantee,

ACCEPTS DEPOSITS from

1 - to £500.

CHARGE for Opening
Accounts.

or Keeping

MONEY TO LEND on Mort

gage from 4 "o.

J. H. DAVIES,

Secretary.

172

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

HIS is a photograpli of a corner of my bakehouse, showing; portion of
the Up-to-date Macliinery with the dough, which, under my personal
supervision, and with tlie aid of tlie finest materials, is turned into
m\' famous bread.

MY SPECIALITIES. . . .

VIENNA ROLLS, MALT. MEAL, and VIENNA BREAD,
CHRISTENING. BIRTHDAY. WEDDING and CHRISTMAS CAKES.

THE OFT REPEATED QUERY,

What's Grand ?

MUSTON'S BREAD!

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

173

BANK OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

ESTABLISHED 1817.

PAID-UP CAPITAL

RESERVE FUND

BESERVE LIABILITY OF PROPRIETORS

£3,000,000
£1,971,545
£3,000,000

£7,971, •■545

Directors:
The Hon. CHARLES K. MACKELLAR, M.L.C., President THOMAS BUf'KLAND, Esq.

Senator The Hon. JAMES THOMAS WALKER RH'HARD BINNIE, Esq.

The Hon. REGINALD JAMES BLACK, M.L.C. The Hon. Sir NORMAND MacLAURIN, Kt., M.L.C.

Auditors— ALFRKD GEORGE MILSOX, Esq., WILIJAM HARRINGTON PALMER, Esq.
General Manager — J. Rl'SSELT. FRKXCH.
Assistant General Manager and Chief Inspector — TIIOS. HUNT IVEY.
Inspectors— C. G. ALFORD, W. J. EDWARDS, G. EDDINGTOX. L. WHITIOHEAD. D. S. K. MILLER, B. M. MOLINK.M'X.
AfSt. Secretary— R T. HII^DKR. Chief Accountant— W. K. SOUTH ERDEN.

Solicitors— Messrs. ALLEN, ELLEN & HEMSLEY.

PARRAMATTA OFFICE— Opened 20th August, 1874.
HEAD OFFICE— SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES.

W. E. FRAZrOR. :\I:iii:i-ov. WAl.TKi; I'OTTS. Assistant Mana-cr.

LONDON— 29 THREADNEEDLE STREET, E.G.

Directors:
Sir ROBERT L. LUCAS-TOOTH, Bart., Chairman. FREDFRICK GREEN, Esq. H. L. iL TRITTON,

DAVID GEORGE, Manager. H. MELDRUM, Assistant Manager.

London Bnnkers— THE BANK OF ENGLAND. THE LONDON JOINT STOCK BANK, LTD. BARCLAY & < ()..

MELBOURNE— RODERICK MURCHISON, Esq., Advisory Director.
334 BRANCHES AND AGENCIES: — (167 in NEW SOUTH WALES; 38 in VICTORIA; 49 in QUEENSLAND;

Esq.

LTD.

NEW ZEALAND; 5 in SOUTH AUSTRALIA; 11 in WEST AUSTRALIA; 1 in TASMANIA; 3 in FIJI;

1 in LONDON.)

in PAPUA;

174

THE JUBILEE IITSTOKY OF PARRAMATTA.

TATTERSALL'S HOTEL.

TATTERSALL'S HOTEL IN THE FIFTIES.

Tattersall's Hot(4, on the cDnuT of Church and
George streets, is one of tlie priiu'ipal and Viest-
eondueted hotels in Parraiiialta. Years Jieforc it
catered for ■"nian and hi'ast." the site was a Ijut-

cher's shop, where Joe Rudder earved tlie lieast.
Then . lames Fulton opened thereon Fulton's I'^imily
Hold. ;i \cry popular hotel in the fifties. Later John
Parker established there a grocer's simp. Still later
John Creasey made the place famous for good living
and good drinking, ^lany have followed, and to-day
.Ml-. W. Fleming, an enterprising and able publican,
revives the glories and prestige of the past and
desei-ves to do the good business he is enjoying
because of his geniality and straight-dealing. The
old Tattersall's under his energetic management, has
put on new raiment and has been made one of the
most comfortable and complete hotels one could wish
tor. The old hotel has long enjoyed some histcu-ical
pi-iiiiiinence Ix'cause of the fact that on the fatal day
in the yi'ar 1S47 (when Lad\- ^lary Fitzroy, wife of
Sir Charles Fitzroy, the then Governor, and
Lieutenant ('harles Chester blasters were killed) the
bolting horses crashed into the bnikling on the corner
where Tattersall's Hotel now stands.

TATTERSALL'S HOTEL, 1911,

TllE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PAERAMATTA.

175

Dellow's Coachbuilding Factory, Parramatta,

As ;ill till' wcirld (if Parrainatta district knows well, iiiKl
tells truly, fuitlifiilncss, soundness and reliability liavo
charaeteiised tlie business operations of Dellow's
coachbuilding factory for close on half a century, and to say
in any part of Cumberland that a vehicle is "Dellow's" is
a warranty of high-class value, and of good promise of long
wear. Mr. ,)as. Dellow (ex-alderman of the historic borough)
came to this country when liut a lad, in 18.55; and after
driving over t'.ie Mountains to the "diggings," delving for
the piecious metal, and what not, his good sense told him that
]icrmanent prosperity must be associated in the future with
settled industry. Thereupon he put hiuLself out as ajipren-
tics to learn the wheelwright and coachbuilding business at
a renowned old wheelwright's establislunent at Baulkiiam
Hills. iSooii the young a]i]irentice had become the master-
builder, and he started for himself in Parramatta. After a
long and successful career as an honored craft.snian he was
in a position to ask one of his sons to assist liini in tlio
management, and now the business is to a large extent, as
its old name and style explains, carried on under the able
presidency of the scion — the man of the second generation
of the reliable Dellows — Jas. R. Dellow. In the factory there
are three forges, sixteen hands are employed, and even then
the great ditticulty is to overtake the claims of the orders.
A new paint shop 4flft. square lias just been completed. It
has a first-class light, and ample provision for the mainten-
ance of that cleanliness requisite for the best varnished
work. During the last few months new machinei'y (includ-
ing 12 h.p. CroEsley gas engine, one of the latest drilling
machines, tyre-bender, tongueing machine, felloe-boring
machine, tyre upsetter and welder, forced-draught forge, and
belt-driven hammer) has been added to the previously exten
sive plant, and orders for lorries, timber waggons, bakers'
carts and sulkies are being attended to as fast as the trained
hand of skilled assistants can get the work through. Parra-
matta has always been famed for t-ie excellence of its wag-
gon building, smiths' and wheelwrights' work, and at
Dellow's the traditions of Parramatta, the nursery of the
Australias, is being ett'ectually and honorably maintained.
The old firm have cu-!toniers at the present day who did

business with them ."iO years ago. In those days they worked
sixteen hours a day, and they had to go to the bush to chop
their own tinrber for putting in the vehicles then being
turned out.

17G

TilE Jubilee iiistoUy of PARRAMAttA.

RAWLINSON BROTHERS.

A Big Business Built up on Energy, Enterprise, and Modern Methods.

RAWLINSON BROS.' hpadquartcrs at Church-street,
Parramatta — just ojiposite the Post Office — are well
known throughout the h>ngth and breadth of Central
Cumberland as grocery, provision and wine and spirit stores
— up-to-date, bright, attractive, and controlling a volume of
buijiness and character such as might be pointed to with pride
by any firm of young business men in Australia.

Eighteen j-ears ago the sons of our late respected fellow
townsman, Mr. Chas. Rawlinson, of Hassall-street, Parra-
matta, started business for themselves in Station-street,
Harris Park. The beginning was modest in nature; but

Colonial wine and spirit license. Twenty hands are cm-
ployed, and the tentacles of the business reach out all over
the district, to Prospect, Merrylands, Smithfield, Carling-
ford, Rookwood, Dural and Rydalmere. The motto of the
firm is ''We supplv everything for tlie table, ami the best
of it."

Rawlinson Bros, have made a numlicr of excellent Ijusiuoss
hits. They are agents for ' ' Fresh Food ' ' cream, for
Schweppe's mineral waters, Liudeman 's, Castellina and
Penfold 's Australian wines, and for the famous "Lilydale"
butter; Peek, Preane and Co 's. Jjondon biscuits and Pas-
call's high-class confectionery — both of wliich lines they

J. P. Rawlinson.

RAWLINSON BROS.' STORE, CHURCH STREET, PARRAMATTA.

S. G. Raw):

.awnnson.

behind the seeds of the big business then planted was a fund
of sound sense and business dash which soon began to make
its influence felt. Before long the partners decided to leave
their old stand for a better one in Church-street, next to the
shop then occupied as "The Argus'' publishing oflice. This
was soon found to be too small, and when the Hon. T.
^Vaddell. M.L.A., erected the fine shops in the very centre of
Parramatta. on the site of the old home of the late Mr.
Hugh Taylor, M.P.. Messrs. Rawlinson took two of the shops.
From that time, as indeed from the beginning of their enter-
prise, they have never looked back. Mr. C. E. Rawlinson
(after a trip to Europe) disposed of his interest in the
business, which is now run by Mr. Septimus G. Rawlin-
son and Mr. .T. P. Rawlinson. 'To-day the enterprise, origin-
ally started as a grocery, embraces a cooked provision depart-
ment and one for wines as well as tliat covered by a

import. The Christmas ham trade is specially attended
to; over two tons of hams being cooked by them at the
festive season. Jn the bacon line they make a system of
selling cheaply and in good style (in a sort of "hot-plate"
style) large quantities — having disposed of as much as five
tons of the breakfast rasher, in bulk or otherwise, in four
weeks. Attention is paid to the quality of the cooked pro-
vision goods, which, with the butter, cream, etc., are kept —
when not being served out — in specially prepared refrigerat-
ing rooms and chambers. Although the pushing young firm
have extended their jiremises recently we are informed they
find that they will be forced to go farther back still with
their additions to their premises in order to find accommo-
dation adequate for their still rapidly advancing trade.

Our views show three attractive aspects of Messrs. Raw-
linson Bros.' business.

•THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA. 177

Interior Views of Rawlinson Bros.' Store.

GROCERY DEPARTMENT.

PROVISIONS AND SMALL GOODS DEPARTMENT.

178

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

THE CLYDE WORKS GRANVILLE, NSW.

TlIK CLYDE ENGl-XKERING roMI'AXV, LIMITED,
floated ill :s98 to take over the business of tlie late
Hudson Bros.. Ltd., have a city office at Martin Place.
.Sydney, and their main office at The Clyde Works, Gran-
ville, N.S.W. These work.s, covering at present not less
than K! acres, have been several times enlarged by the C.E.
C<)ini>auy, and restocked with machinery of greater capacity
and latest type, as a means of succ3ssfully coping with the
contracts for 125 locomotive engine.-^ (pai^senger and goods
traffic), besides heavy orders for raUway and tramway roll-
ing stock, truss bridges up to 200 feet span, and full lines
of mining, general and agricultural enginaering. Some idea
of the magnitude of these extensions may be conveyed when
it is mentioned that increased forging facilities are rspro-
sented by a gradual advance from two to si.x heavy sleam

more if necessary, in the same time. The works employ
over 1100 hands, and are lighted by electricity, with an
auxiliary gas service for emergency. Fire appliances arc
fitted throughout the works, which are also in direct com-
munication with the Fire Brigade.

Ths departments embraced by these works arc: I'attern-
making shop; foundry for iron and steel, malleable and
ordinary castings. In addition to the general engineering
rccpiirements, a large business is done in ploughsliarrs and in
finished enamelled baths. Castings up to 10 tons each are
easily handled. Brass foundry, smithy and forge, with large
and small steam hammers, a hydraulic pres.ving plant, etc.;
four large machine shojis with English and ( lydeMuadc
machinery for accurate and rapid work; fitting and erecting
shops; tinsmiths, plumbing and coppersmiths; boiler shoji.

The Clyde Engineering Works, Granville.

hammers, the largest of these being a .'5-ton hamniov, while
SO smiths' fires are now seen where 50 formerly sufficed. The
number of individual machine.-s has grown from 100 to 175.
Some of the most valuable additions to the power plant have
been designed and made at the works, with results aighly
gratifying to the Directors. Electric cranes are in course
of erection in several of the large shops. Electricity, in
fact, now vies with compressed air and steam in the sujiply
of motive force throughout the work.s. Hydraulic i)OW(r is
also largely utilised. The steam power alone accounts for
not less than 500 H.P. effective. .\t the southern end of
the works a new foundry with fully double tlic capacity
of existing shop is nearing completion, and will be supple-
mented shortly by a large steel foundry. The Company in its
younger days boldly undertook to deliver, one locomotive
engine per month. It now engages to deliver two. or even

w.;ere immense rotary kilns, steel railway waggons, railway
bridges, etc., are also made; large woodworking machinery
shops for preparing high-class joinery, railway rolling stock
and agricultural machinery; carriage and waggon building
shops, including ]]ainters, uphoLsterers, etc.; store-rooms for
agricultural machinery and works' requirements. A work-
men's dining-room, with an attendant and facilities for
liiating. etc.; a foremen's dining and reading room; a well-
equipped ambulance room; a splendidly laid out sports
ground of seven acres, with jiavilion, etc., are in evidence.
The Clyde Works Ambulance Corps, affiliated to the St. ,Iohn
Association, deals with over 500 eases yearly. The Sick and
Accident (Mub, Sports Club, with cricket and football teams.
Brass Band, also a Rifle Club under the Defence Depart-
ment, are -Voluntary associations of employees under the
auspices of the Company.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAIMATTA. 179

The Australian Bank of Commerce, Limited.

Authorised Capital £2,000,000

Subscribed Capital £1,198,344

Paid Up (June 30, 1911) . . . . £1,180,812

Registered 1909, under the Companies Act.

BOARD or MANAGiiMENT:
^ii' WILLIAM P. MANNING, Kiit., Cliairmuii; (ILdKliK .L SLV, Ks.i., LL.IX; ('HAS. Tl. MYLKS, Esq.; ^L\RK SHEL-
DON, Esq.; AKTIHIR S. BAKTON, Emj.; EKANK X. Y.ARWOOI), Ksq.

AUDITORS:

W1LLLS.M i'KAIC. Esq.. l'.r.l'..\.; (i. MAWJX ALLAKI), E-sc]., E.C.P.A.

DIRECTORS, Louden Office;
A. D01)U8 FAIl;li.\ll;N, Esq.. IL E. UUJNNEsy, Esq.

BANKERS:

NATIONAL I'KOVl.\<'JAL BANK OF ENGLAND, LIMITED.

OFFICERS:

Head Office — Sydney (Corner of George and King streets).

General Manager: A. P. STEWART.

M B'.'RTON FINNEY, Manager; WILLIAM RETD, Secretary; .J. IL WOOD, Aceoiintaiit. WILLIAM A. SH.\W, Sub

Accountant.

London Office, 2 Kin.g William Street, B.C.

C. A. 11. C.V.MI'ION. Miniiiger: (IE()R(;E ,1. GKOl'Xi), Accountant.

BRANCHES.

Cliicf In.spector: COPLEY HORNE.
Assistant Inspectors: HECTOR A. DAWES, RICHARD E. MELVILLK. Brandi .\iM-,iuiitaiit ; R. A. THOMAS.

NEW SOUTH WALES.— City and Suburban: IlM.viiKiiket, ilanly, Randwick. Suiiniicr Hill. Country:
Aniiidale, Balriuiakl. IJathiirst. Hciiii. Hiiiiilon^-. Ha^iialiri. HDinhala, ('i>ti(l(ihi)liii. Cooina. Coonabara-
hraii, Coonamble. Cowra, Dcniliqiiiii, Dnbbo, Dunedoo. Fdrbes. (ik-u limes. Goulburn. (h-aftoii,
(JrcntVll. (Jul^oiii;'. Hay, Hillstoii, iMverell, Kempsey. Lismore, :MaL'leaii, Mcrriwa, Jlolong, ^Nhidgee,
iLuiulouran, Xarraiulera, Newcastle, Xyngaii, Orange, Painbula, Parkes, Pai'raiiiatta, Qiiiriiuli, Rich-
mond, Rockley, Rylstcme. Scime. Singleton, Tamworth. Tenterfield, I'lniarra, Wagga Wagga, Wall.s-
end. Wi'ntwdrth, West .Alaitlaiid. \Vliittiiii. Wickham. Wileannia. Wollongong, Woodburu, Ya.ss.

QUEENSLAND.— Brisbane. Alloia. I'.owcii. ( 'halters Towers. Cliftdii (Darling Downs), Gladstone,
Ileliddii, Ipswieh. Killaniev, Maeka\-. .Miles. Rieklianiptun. Timwooiiilia. 'I'dwiisville. Warwick.

AGENTS AND CORRESPONDENTS IN AUSTRALASIA.

Victoria. — The Bank of Victoria. Limited; The E.S. and A. Hank. Biiiiiled; The Xalianal l!;ink (if Aus-
tralasia, Limited. Tasmania. — The Comniereial Bank of Tasmania, Limited. South Australia. — The
Xati(mal Bank of Australasia. Limited: The E.S. and A. Bank. Limited. Western Australia.— The
National Bank of Australasia. Limited. New Zcalond. — The P.ank of New Zealand. Fiji. — The Bank
of New Zealand.

IN GREAT BRITAIN AND ELSEWHERE.

London. — Australian Bank of Ciuniiieree. Ltd.. 2 King William St.. H.C: Hanker.s— National Provincial
Bank of England. Limited. Scotland. — The Royal Bank of Scotland. Ireland. — The Provincial Bank
of Ireland. Europe. — Agents and eoi-respondents in all the princiiial cities. India, China and Japan.

i\lereantile Bank of India. Liiiiiled; Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China: Hnngkong

and Shanghai Banking Corporation; Ciniiptoir National D'Escoinple (h^ I'aris. Honolulu, H. T. —
The First National Bank of Hawaii. America. — .Messrs. Brown iirotiiers and Co., New York, Phila-
delphia, and Boston; The JMerchants' Loan ami Trust Company. Chicago; The Standard Bank of
Sottth Africa, Ltd., New York; The Canadian Bank of Commerce, San Francisco .-iiid Canada; The
Dominion Bank, Toronto (Ontario) ; The .Vnglo-South American Bank, Ltd. And the principal
Agencies of Me.ssrs. Thos, Cook and Son.

ISO

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

MEGGITT, LTD., macquarie street, parramatta.

Mr. H. W. Meggitt, Managing Director.

Linseed Oil Mills and Desiccated Cocoa Nut Factory.

ens ■

TIIIJS eompaiiy ooiiiiiieiiced o]j('ratious in U)07 at the above
address (formerly known as Vallack's Brewery), as
manufacturers of Linseed Oil and Linseed Oil Cake,
also of Desiccated Cocoa Nut. Botli industries, altbougli new
to the Commonwealth, are of consideralilc importance in other
countries. The manufacture of Linseed Oil and Oil Cake
especially is one of the primary industries in Kurope, and
there gives employment to large numliers of people. The local
establishment has proved these articles can be successfully
manufactured in .-Vustralia, and the superior qualitj- of the
local Oil is now admitted by most of the large users and
painters throughout this and the neighbouring States. The
Federal Dejiartment for Home Affairs, the State Govern-
ments of N.S.W. and Victoria, and the Railways of these
States, are large users of the Parramatta Oil. The works
already afford employment to a considerable number of
hands; it is expected before long the operations of the com-
pany will be largely extended. The managing director, Mr.
H. W. Meggitt, has had a long experience in this trade both
in England and Australia.

THE STAR HOTEL, PARRAMATTA.

THE STAR HOTEL, Piirramatto. is a very difforeiit
e.staljli.sliment to what it was when we first had
nuiiiieipal government. Its ])est known proprietors
of tlie early days were Mr. Watsford (father of the Rev.

The Star Hotel, 50 Years Ago.

John~i and John Holland. The jjrescnt proprietress is
Mr.s. Beers, and it is due to her wis(> management that

i; '!iiii'!:i ilimil il

The Star Hotel. 1911.

the hotel en.joys one of the mo.st e.\tensi\'e liusincsses
of anv hotel in the district.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA. ISl

The Mother School of Australia !

THE KING'S SCHOOL,

Parramatta.

SEVENTY-NINE YEARS OLD.

President of the Council and Visitor:

Tlie Most Eev. the ARCHBISHOP OF SYDNEY.

Coimcil:

The Most Ecverend the ARCHBISHOP OP SYDNEY (Chainnau), The Veu. ARCHDEACON GUNTHER,
M.A., The Rev. H. WALLACE MORT, M.A., The Rev. CANON W. HEY SHARP, M.A., The Rev. W. J.
CAKEBREAD, B.A., The Rev. Dr. RADFORD, M.A., Mr. J. RUSSELL FRP^NCH, Mr. E. A. ROBERTS
(Hon. Treasurer), The Han. C. G. WADE, B.A., Mr. .lOHN A. I. PERRY (Hem. Secretary), Mr. W. \\.
BEAVER.

Headmaster:

The Rev. P. STACY WADUY, M.A. (Oxoii).
Asf:isU'd liv a Staff of Masters, Graduates of English ami .\uslralian I'liiversities.

THE HidiDul provides a Classical, iriilhiMiialical. Scieutific, and (Iciicfal Edm-atiini ni' lli''
highest order on moderate tertns. willi religions teaching in ai-i-ord.-ini-c with the priii-
eijiles (if I 111' ('hiii'ch of England, nidexs ot iii'r\vis<' di'sired liy the parrots.
Tlii're are (Jlassical and Jlodern sides, and every facility for Ihc preparation of boys fur
eitlier a jjrofessional or iiiereantile career.

'I'liei'c ai'i' a niinihcr of S('li(ilarslii]is allaclii'd In Ihe Sellool.

A Jnninr School, with resident married iiiaslcr. matron, etc., has been established for the
special care of boys from 8 to 12 years old.

A series of technical classes fen- l)oys going "on the land.'" with prai'tical teacliing li\-
experienced instriietoi-s. is now given in the last year of the School conrse.

All particnlars may be obtained from the Headmaster, or from Mr. C. S. LEWIS, ('lcrl< In
the Council, Ocean House, iMoore Street, Sydney.

182

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

50 Years of Progress and Prosperity!
Well Done Parramatta !

WE'IiE all pvdud of J'arramatta, and we've a
lijilit 1(1 be. Bright as has been lier past
lier fnture looks still more promising. And
everybody is plea.sed with Morphett's too — "The Home
of Real Economy." Cast your mind back ten years
and you'll remember that it was then that Morphett's
money-saving prices first saw the light of day. They're Vi'ell
known now as the best anywliere and receive a warm wel-
come in every honre. We 've a bigger surprise i^aeket than
over in stcre for you just now. You see it 's Parramatta 's
Jubilee — it's the eomplet'on of 10 years' unbroken prosperity
for Morphett too — and we're going to celebrate the double
event by making a record display of Spring and Summer
goods. And aren't we going to be busy just"? We've
marked the prices so low and are offering such excellent
quality that we'll hardly have time to turn round. In Juven-
ile Clothing, Men's and Youths' Clothing, there's a greater
variety than ever to select from. Tlie fact of the matter is
we're out to prove that a £ spent at Morphett's is worth
more than if spent elsewhere. The latest styles — the best
qualities — the most decided values we've ever offered. Now's
the time to make a little money go a long way. And, remem-
ber, this is ONLY a stepping stone to still greater bargain
events in the fnture. Mind you, we're not asking you to take
our word for it. We want yon to come in and let us prove
our statements right to the hilt. Now that's fair, isn't it?

\A/. MORPHETT,

Men's Clothier, Mercer & Hatter CHURCH ST..
and Juvenile Outfitter PARRAMATTA.

''^i

RAWLINSON & JAGO

The Central Property Exchange,

CHURCH STREET,
Tel. 175. P.O. Box, 15. PARRAMATTA.

THE PARRAMATTA
REAL ESTATE AGENTS,
PROPERTY SALESMEN,

and GENERAL AUCTIONEERS.

WE AKKAXGE FOR AXU L'UXULCT AlCTlUX SALES

Of Estates in Subdivision or separately; Live Stock or Household Furniture in any [lart of the Dis-
trict or at our Sale rooms, adjoining the A.B.C. Bank and Post Office.

UNDERTAKE THE CO:\IPLETE .AIAXAGEJIEXT

Of Estates; Collect Kents, effect Insurances ami sn|i;'rvisc Repairs.

:moxey.

We spi'cialisi- in .\rranging Loans in large or small amounts. Iiaviiig sums always avallnlili' for
IMMEDIATE ADVANCE at Market Rates, subject to our Valuation.

VALUATIOXS

For Probate, Partition, Deed of Gift. T^oans. and .-ill nt icr purposes elliciently made.

^\E CAX HELP YOU IX ALL REAL ESTATE .^L\TTEHS

And invite you to make use of our well e<piipped otlice — which is ri'|ilcte with Maps, Plans of all
district lands and subdivisions — whenever you are in need of local information.

T> 1 • JP ¥ .,<• Members cf Real Estate Auctioneers' and

t\.2lWiinSOn <X J8l§0, P^-operty Specialists, ^tents' Association of New South 'Wales.

YDe jubilee history of PARRAMATTA.

is:5

NEW SOUTH WALES

THE GREAT TOURIST

STATE.

&y^

Magnificent Resorts

For all Tastes

At all Seasons.

ON THE NEPEAN RIVEE, N.S.W.

THE BLUE MOUNTAINS—

A sseries of l)piuitiful watcM-falls, feru gullies, and ruggcil
lieadlaiiils ami |iietiiresquo valleys.

THE HAWKESBURY RIVER AND

THE NORTH COAST LAKES—

Till' Tdiiiist's h;i|ipy liuiitiiig- ground

THE ILLAWARRA—

A seenie i)aradi.se. A district of splendid watering
]ilai'es and Tnajestii panoramas.

THE LIMESTONE CAVERNS at

.li-iiol.un. Woinlieyan, Yarrangoliilly, Abercromliie and
Wi'llinston.

MT. KOSCIUSKO—

Anstralia 's higliest mountain. Tlie great Winter |ilay-
ground. I'nrivalled as a Summer sanatorium.

The Railways reach all the State's Resorts.
Excursion Fares. Comfortable Train Arrangements.

ON THE SOUTH COAST, N.S.W.

l''or full particulars inquire at

THE GOVERNMENT TOURIST BUREAU,

CIIALLliS HOUSE, SYDNEY.

.1. S. SPURWAV, Secretary to the Chief Commissioner for
Railways and Trarnwavs.

184

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

A Good Record ! F. D. Henderson has been established for Half a Century.

BEST (^I'ALITV (lOdDS ALWAYS KKPT AND FULL WKICIIT C 1 VKN— WHICH MEANS A LOT.

Agent for Anderson and Go's. Garden Seeds, Penf eld's Celeb] a'.ed Wines, Scliweppe's Mineral Waters, Fresh Food and

Ice Co., Gee's B.B. Fertiliser.

McE'.vau 's Ak' ami IJci'k's Lajjer (quarts and pints), Kcscli 's. Jluitlaiid and Tooth's Ale and Stout, and Kcsch's
Lauer, and all the leading brands of Wines and Spirits alway.s iu stock.

F. D. HENDERSON, General Grocer, Wine and Spirit Merchant ,
CHURCH STREET, PARRAMATTA.

TEL. 16.

P.O. BOX 1.

Tel. 27 P.

J. GRANGER & SON

CHURCH STREET, PARRAMATTA.

A. W. GRANGER.

THE

OLDEST

ESTABLISHED

BAKERY

AUSTKALIA.

'T' 1 FACTORY

ffsri

(^574 5°ECIAL

Prizes

-3 T)

There still exists as \mv\ of oar jiremises, a small portion of the ohl bakelioiiso, where bread was baked for the
female immigrants "at the Factory" in William IV. and early Victorian days.

Conld those old colonists return to life now they would be astonished to see our nicidcrn hvgienic bread factcirv,
our malt yeast making, flour blending and sifting, dough kneading, nu)ulding and dividing machinery, our up-to-date
ovens and appliances for the cleanly handling of bread, cake and pastr_v.

Our carts ply d.-iily in and about a radius of .5 to 1(1 miles. Do we serve you.* If not — buy a sample loaf olf

onr carter — you'll want more! — We sell

White Bread.
Bolls and Buns,
Self-raiEing Flour,

Whole-meal Bread.
Cakes and Pastry.
Baking Powder (our own)

Malt Bread.
Bride Cakes.
Pure Teas.

Bran Bread,
Confectionery,
Blended Teas.

We also cater for Festivals, Picnics, Parties, &c.

TIlE JUBILEE lilSTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

185

The Commercial Banking
Company of Sydney, Limited.

ESTABLISHED 1834.

CAPITAL PAID-UP

RESERVE FUND

RESERVE CAPITAL

£1,500,000
£1,460,000
£1,500,000

£4,460,000
Directors:
a. J. COHEN, Kkc]., Cliainiuiu.

The Honorablf II. E. KATKR, M.L.C. Dcputy-Chairm.'ui.
The Uonoiablo Hi-NKY MO«ES, M.L.C.
A. ,1. UNSLOW THOMPSON, Esq.
The IToiiorable .lAMlOS BURNS, M.L.C.
Auditors:
E. S. CAPE, Esq. I''. W. HIXSUN, Esq.

General Manager: 'I'. .\. 1)|BBS.
Assistant General Manager and Chief Inspector:

II. H. MAS!-JE.
Inspectors: \V, C. B. TFLEY and W. II. PINIIEY.

Head Office: SYDNEY GEORGE STREET,

A. J. «UUTAlv, Manager.

V. R. 8AYERS, Aeeountaut. M. S. GRANT, Secrclaiy.

.1. CLAYTON, Hraiicli Act-oiintant.

PARRAMATTA BRANCH: GEORGE STREET.

\V. \V. BUDENIIAM, Manager.

SLACK & CO.

Property Salesmen, General Auctioneers
and Government Valuators.

iF YOU WANT TO BUY a I p:4iry. l-i-. tu" i'mi u\ I'.irin, ur chard. Country Resi-
dence. Hoiiie or Uiisinfss. on L'nsh or Terms, we liave the LARG^EST List of
Properties in or around the District to choose from.

IF YOU WANT CASH for your Home, Farm or Business, we can get it, no
matter wliere your property is located, or what is its value.

THE REAL PROPERTY EXCHANGE.

Tel. 44 Parramatta. Church and Argyle Streets, PARRAMATTA.

186

THE JT'BILEE HISTORY OF PARkAMATTA.

SANDOWN FREEZING WORKS.

OXK of the most iniportaut anil floiirisliiiig of the many
industries in the I'airamatta district is the Sandown
Freezing AVorlcs, carried on by Messrs. ,)ohn Cooke
and Co. Situated at Roseliill, and occupying a position
practically on the banks of the ['arramatta Eiver, the large
towering works are clearly discernible for miles round. They,
together with railway siding, drafting yards and other Ijiiild-
ings, take up the best part of 14 acres. Right in front of the
property runs the Sydney Ferries tramway, which is very
convenient to those of the workman who reside in Granville
or Parramatta. A branch line of railway also run,< right
into the works from the Clyde sunting yards. A snmll train
of insulated trucks loaded with thousands of frozen carcasss

are killed and frozen for export only, and Australian beef
and nuitton find their way to almost all corners of the globe,
the liulk, of course going to the British Isle.^. T'.ie largest
kill for a fortnight in sheep and lambs has been 47,000.
Nearly the whole of the stock are brought dircit from the
grazing areas of the interior of New South Wales, and
s]iecial care is exercised regarding the condition of the
animals. They must necessarily be of top quality, and the
])opnlarity which has been gained for Au.stralian nuitton
in the Old Country is unmistakable evidence of the thorough-
ncHK with which the work of selection is carried out. Inune-
cli.-itely the shei']! arrive in the trucks from the country, they
aie let out into the drafting yards and counted. Seven

is made up daily and despatched to Darling Ilarljonr, which
is reached in a comparatively brief space of time. The
trucks are run alongside the steamers, and before the car-
cases have had time to sutler any ill effects from the change
of temperature in course of tr;insif, they are placed in the
cool chamber on board ship.

The present firm coinnienced oj)erations in UlOo, and with
the exception of the first two seasons, which were somewhat
intermittent, the works Iiave been kept going up to their
full capacit}-. In the early part of their career something
like 2000 sheep were treated daily, but since then the number
has increased to 4000. Besides sliee]i, bullocks and lambs
are treated, the works being capable of dealing with 150 of
the former and over .5000 of the latter in a dav. All stock

tincks can be unloa<led at the siding at one t = me. In the
drafting yards water is laid on and the sheep are watered.
They are afterwards taken to the Conipan.y's grazing area of
150 acres, across the tramway-line, within a stone's throw
of tlie drafting yards. This area is dividad into resting pad-
docks, where the sheep remain from 12 to 24 hours, some-
times longer. When grass is not available, the stock are
hand-fed. .-\fter having rested, the sheep are taken back to
the drafting yards and thence decoyed by pet sheep, wliich
are continually kept on hand, along a race a few feet wide,
to the top floor of the works, where they are slaughtered.
The bullocks are driven along another race, not quite so
wide, level with the ground. At the end of the race tluy are
stLinried :ind then hauled up by chains to the top floor, where

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAIMATTA.

187

tlicy are butchered. On the killing and dressing floor nearly
eo butchers are kept busily engaged the whole day long. A
good man can kill ;uid dress a hundred shoep in S hours,
which constitute a day's wcnk. ,\s sorm as a sheep is
dressed it is phiced on liooks and sliil alimg a steel rail to
the grader. It aiteiwards comes unch'r flic keen eye of a
veterinary ijispcitor, and if [lassed lis ''().l\., '' it is sent
along to be weighed and then ticketed according to grade,
weight and quflity. It is then passed along to the hanging
ground, wliere it remains till thoroughly cool, wIumi it is
moved along by gravitation to the freezing chamber. From
t!ie time tlie carcase leaves the hands of the liuti-lier till it
arrives in the cold chamlier it is not once h;i lulled, and from
tlie time a shee[i is butchered till it arrives in the lianging
ground only a few minutes have elapsed. Tlie whole process
is carri( d on with the regularity' of clockwork and without
the slightest hitcli of any kind. The sheep skins are carted
oif to trucks at the railway siding and forwarded to the
fellmongers at Botany. The blood from the slauglitered
stock runs along channels to tanks below, where it is boiled

and afterwards put through various processes, along with the
olfal, and finally it is seen in the form of rich manure,
thorougiily dried, and ready to be bagged and exported. Xot
a particle of anything is lost. Everything is turned into a
commercial commodity with tlie day's working hours. The
fat is converted into tallow of different grades, caul and
kidney fat being kept separate, for the reason that it makes
the highest grade tallow. Like the carcases, the by-jiroducts
are all exported. There are in all nine freezing rooms, with
a holding capacity of between 1S,0(I0 and 14,000 carcases. In
three days the carcases are hard frozen. They are then
bagged in snow white material, which goes by the name of
stockinette, and removed by the cold-storage hands, suitably
attired to withstand the cold, to two immens? stores, each
capable of storing from 4.j,000 to .50,000 carcases. From the
stores there is a quick and easy means of transferring the
carcases to the in.siilated trucks on the railway, and once the
trucks are loaded it is not long before an engine arrives
from f'lyde and conveys the frozen cargo and l>y-[ir;)ducts
to the s-iip's side at Darling Harbour.

RITCHIE BROTHERS,

RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK MANUFACTURERS,

AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT MAKERS.

Tills firm was originally established over fifty years ago
l>.y tlie late R. A. Ritchie, in Parramatta, where the
noted plows bearing his nam? were manufactured, as
well as other agricultural iniplemoiits, and where he also
cemmenccd the business of rolling-stock building. After a
succtbsful period in the historic town, more extensive i)re-
inises were secured at Auburn, v.-here the business has since

while the e.xteusions of shops, plant and the installing of
new machinery are continually being added to meet the
increasing demands for rcdling stock Ijy the Government of
New South Wales, coll'cry owmrs. .iiid other departments of
industry, and for which this firm primarily designed the
present ]ilant, although at the same time a considerable trade
is lieiug devehipi'd in almost every- class of agricultural

been carried on liy the sons, under the style of Ritchie
Brothers, who by their tact and luisiuess acumen have e.\-
tended their operations to the present capacity of the works,
where some oOO employees are constantly engaged in the
manufacture of all classes of railway cars, carriages, wag-
gons, waggon buffers, and general engineering, as well .'ts
agricultural imi)lenients. Tlie accompanying illustration can
only give, to a limited extent, the cajiacify of these works.

inipleiiieiits. The whole establishment being under the direct
control of The Ritchie Brothers, accounts for the steady
expansion of these works, and iieing situated on the western
suburban line, close to tlie Auliurn station, it c.-m readily be
reached liy a regular daily train service, and a special siding
is made running into the works, for loading and conveying
by rail, and for shipment, the manufactures of this estab-
lishment,

188

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

fo)

NOTICE !— This is put in for you to Look at,
Read and Learn.

IT S GOOD !

It's from Marsden's.

It's one of the most c-omiilete Saddler's Slinps in the

State.
It's one of the oldest — going 35 years.
It's where yon can get anything in the leather lino.
It's where all Horse Collars ,ire made on the premises.
It's Marsch'u's for any kind of Good Harness.
It's the same for anything in Saddles.
It's always the same — the best article at a reasonable

price.
It always has been and always will he at Marsden's

Saddlery.
It's not Jubilee with ^Marsden. Init Leathery.

A. E. MARSDEN,

SADDLER, &c.

CHURCH ST., PARRAMATTA.

Telephone 52.

We Supply Footwear by Post to Residents
Anywhere in Australia !

It iiiiitters not a jot whether you buy personally or by letter — whether you eome yourself or send — we promise
definitely to supply you witli YOT'R style in Boots or .Shoes at the most reasonable price in the State.
Es|)eeially we invite you to order by letter from us if you are in the haliit of or would like to try the mail order system.
We are sufficiently far enough removed from metropolitan high rents to lie able to quote you more economical prices
than a George or Pitt Street, Sydney, shop can. Also we have no " board of directors" to paj' salaries to, or "share-
holders'" who are interested in dividends.

Tiiese are very practical rea.sons why you should forward your order to us and as examples of the values we offer we
quote two here.

A remarkably fine Gents' Bal-
moral Boot in Box Calf or Glace
Kid. ]t is a most comfortable
boot and very dressy. We have it
in many different shapes of toes —
medium, broad, square, narrow,
etc. — with wide or narrow welt,
patent or self toe-cap. Post free
to anv address in the State —

1 6 6

For Ladies — a Stylish Shoe in Patent
Leather or Glacie Kid. Instep Strap (like
illustration), .Ankle Strap, or Plain
Sailor Tie, Welted or Pump Soles,
Cuban Heels, Most certainly 1 he
greatest value on the mark?t to
day. Packed carefully and post
eii free anvwlure —

16/6

So strongly do we believe that the above Boot and Slioe styles will please that we are i)reiiared to send them to any
person anywhere on the understanding that if they are not what was expected they can be exchanged for something mor'e
to the buyer's liking, or money returned.

SAUNDERS & BROWN, "The big boot stor e, parramatt a.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA. 189

Savings Bank of New South Wales.

Head Office . . . . BARRACK STREET, SYDNEY.

Established by Act of Coimcil, 1832.

President:
niS EXCELLEXrv THE GOVKRXOR.

Vice-President:

The Honorable EDMUND FOSBERY, C.M.G., M.L.C.
Trustees :
THOMAS .TESSEP. Esq. (lEOKGE STANLEY LITTLE-TOHN, Esq.

The Hon. .lOHN KIDD CHARLES WILLIAM OAKES, Esq.

JOHN RANDAL ("AREY, Esq. Sir ALLEN TAYLOR

The Hon. ARTHTTR GRIFFITH, M.L.A. ARTHUR A. C. COCKS, Esq., M.L.A.

The Hon. JOHN LIONEL FEGAN WILLIAM C. GRAIIAME, Esq., M.L.A.

OCTAVIUS -CHARLES BEALE, Esq. ' ' "

Managing Trustee:
DAVID .MITCHELL.

Total Number of Depositors on 31st December, 1910 130,352

Total Amount at Credit of Depositors on 31st December, 1910 . . £7,263,103 19s 7d

Total Reserves £394,021 Os Od

PARRAMATTA BRANCH, GEORGE STREET.

Open for business daily: lU ii.ni. till -i p.m.; Salui-day. ID a.m. till 1 L' unoi] ; and mi Friday
evenings for Receiving Deposits only, 7 to 9 o'l-lnck.

D. MITCHELL,

Managing- Trustee.

TOO

THE JTTRTLEE HISTORY OF PARRATSfATTA.

THE BEST OF ALL STIMULANTS .

CHATEAU TANUNDA BRANDY

As supplied Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospitals, Orient Royal Mail Steamers.
TUCKER & CO., SYDNEY, Sole Agents.

R. STRAUB.

The Parramatta Watchmaker and
Jeweller.

BEST WATCHES

1
1 BEST PRESENTS

BEST .TEWELLERY

BEST BAXGLES

BEST CLOCKS

BEST TRINKETS

Gents* English Himting Lever 55/-

Ladies' Silver Watches 55 -

Bangles, Basket Pattern from 32 -

Gem-set Bracelets „ 30 -

Presentation Marble Clocks „ 40 -

Presentation Liqueur Stands „ 30/-

Presentation Tea and Coffee Service „ 70 -

THE BEST
TUCKER &

OF
CO..

ALL WH
SYDNEY,

SKIES IS . . .

WILLIAMS'

Sr<^Ti AMn <;

FAVORITE.

Sole Agents, The Oldest Wine and Spirit Merchants in Australia.

THE JUlULKi: IIISTU1{Y OF I'AKIJA.MATTA.

V.)l

Messrs. GOODLET & SMITH, Ltd.

IN tlic St;iti' of New South Wales Messrs. Goodltt and
Siuitli, Ltd., have luiiji- lieen recognised as [)ii)neers of
nianufactiiriiig industry. The firm was ('sta.l)lished in
IS.")."), when tlio i-ountry was in its infancy, and the liusiuess
was for many years t Jat of Timlier Merchants and Saw Mill-
ing exclusively. With the extension of building in the colony,
the manufacture of Pipes and Bricks was added to the firm's
operations, and to Messrs. Goodlet and Smith belongs the
credit of having introduced to New South Wales the
Hofmanu Kiln, which has been the means of developing so
enormously the manufacture of bricks and kindred goods.

The great development of Cement manufacture in Europe
in the early nineties, suggested to the firm tlie i)ossibility of
utilising the valuable limestone and shale deposits in this
country, and the result was the establishment in 1S93, of the
'■Hock" Brand Cement Works at Granville, which were the
fi:st to produce in Anstralia a high grade I'ortland cement,
S-urpassed by none of the imjiorted brands, and superior to
the ma.jority. The importance to the country of this depar-
ture will be readily understood when it is known that for
many years almost the total output was absorlied by the
\arious Government departments, which liccann^ independent
of importations.

The (.'om|>any [los.^esses large dcjjosits of Limestone in close
proximity to the Mudgee Line, but all the other raw material
required in the manufactnre of Cement, Bricks and Tiles is
obtained adjaemt to the works, which are connected, with
the Main Railway Line by extensive sidings for the rapid
despatch of the loaded trucks.

Simultaneously with the m.anufacture of cement the firm
commenced the nmking of Terra Cotta Roofing Tiles; again
demonstrating the value of Australian raw materials, and
entering into successful comi>etiti<m witli the importers of
Marseilles Tiles, which had then a strong hold on the market.
Recently, extensive shipments of local Tiles have been made
to other States, where they have given every satisfaction.

The machinery required in the production of the various
articles is the most up-to-date, and includes improved type
machines, and only this year tlie Power Plant has been again
increased by the addition of two of the largest suction gas
engines in Australia. Patent IJilns, which were successfully
xised from the start of the Cement Works in 1893, were
replaced in the beginning of 1901 by large Rotary Furnaces,

which are univi'rsally acknowledged to be the most suitable
for the production of high-grade Pcrtlanil Cement.

The Government of Xew South Wales require the cement
to a higher Standard than in any other part of the world,
and to meet tliese requirements the Laboratory at the works
is thoroughly equipjied for the necessary analysis in the
\arions stag<*s of the manufactnre.

The establishment of these various branches of nuuuifac-

Suction Gas Engines at Goodlet and Smith's.

ture has given employment directly to hundreds of Austra-
lians, and indirectly provided bu.siness for many others.

The Cement Works, which now cover about five acres of
ground, have played a very important part in the develop-
ment of this district, giving constant employment to hun-
dreds of hands and inv(dving a large distribution of wages,
which is spent in the immediate vicinity amongst all classes
of business people who derive benefit therefrom.

CEMENT, BRICK AND TILE WORKS, GRANVILLE.

192

THE JUBILEE History op parRamatta.

The Unrivalled Picture Theatre, THE BUTTERFLY

THE Butterfly wings on its fligiit to Films (Realms) of
Beauty, Education and Delight. We eater for all —
the young and old, the serious and bright. The inter-
est of our patrons never flags, but is held from start to
flnisli. Like the tiny mustard seed. Photo. Play has grown
so big that at the present day it takes a huge army of
experts to control it. Good old Parramatta can boast of

having one of the best Photo. Play Theatres (the Butterfly)
in the Commonwealth. Prices are small. Management is of
the highest order. Comfort of patrons is assured.

Yours truly,

H. A. MAINSBRIDGE.

OUR SCREEN.

THE JUBtLEE fllSTOilY OP PARRAMATTA.

193

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194

TllE JUr.lLEE HISTORY OP PARRAMATTA.

OUR J UBILEE TAILOR ^G)

j^ Where Parramatta Style comes from.

Yours truly,

R.J.MASON

Church St.,
Parramatta.

The

Fashionable
Tailor ^ ^

Nearly Opposite The
Argus Office.

Fifty Years Ago

THE ineu of l'arraiiKitt;i liail licit the oppiutunities
and conveiiieiice f(ir slici]i|iiiiy; that are presented
to-day. Tlicic was mi uii-to-date. Specialty
House like QUIGLEY'S, uiiiih raters entirely for
Men's trade, and which oti'er.s you siieh a wide range
in Price, Quality and Style that you scarcely know
where to begin or where to finish.

Xi) matter what you require in the Clothing line
QUIGLEY can satisfy you. This store has an extra-
ordinary, large and fashionable stock of

MEN'S HARD FELT HATS

MEN'S SOFT FELT HATS

MEN'S STRA'W HATS

MEN'S CAPS

MEN'S FASHION SHIRTS

MEN'S TENNIS SHIRTS

MEN'S UNDER'WEAR

MEN'S COLLARS

TIBS, BRACES. SOX, Etc., Etc.

YOU CANNOT GO WRONG BY SHOPPING AT

QUIGLEY S, Church Street, The Home of Good Hats.

THE JUDILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

195

The Park Gate Hotel, George and O'Conneli Streets, Parramatta.

THE PARRAMATTA DISTRICT NURSERY

My I Telephone 62 RYDE

For Reliable Fruit Trees

For New and Best Roses

WRITE FOR MY CATALOGUES.

R. HUGHES,

Hillcrest Nursery, Ermington, Parramatta River, N.S.W,

196

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

William Ewart Hart, Firsl Australian Aviator, Born Parramatta, N.S.W., April 20, 1885.

^1^

For GOOD AND CHEAP PRINTING,

For HIGH-CLASS COMMERCIAL STATIONERY.

For CATALOGUE WORK FOR THE TRADE,

For PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATION BLOCKS,

THE ARGUS PRINTING WORKS, PARRAMATTA.

The Printers and Publishers of this History.

Telephone 33.

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRxVMATTA.

lOI

Index to Illustrations.

G. Addison, C.P.S.*, 151

All Saints' Churcli, 4;i

Till': ARGUS Printing Wurks, 144

Rev. R Arinitage. 87

Australian Arms Hotel, 35

The Baptist Church, 35, 62

Alderman R. C. IJartlett, 4

The iJathing House, 35

Joiin llatnian, 34

Frank lieanies, ti

Inspector lledingfeld*, 151

F. K. Bloxham, 1211

Kev. H. H. Ituhart, 46

W. W. Bodenham, 13S

Joseph Bootli, 6
Governor Bourke, 30

E. K. Bowden. 162

J. K. Bowden, IS)

Thomas W. Bowden

The Bowling (_'Iuli Committee, 134

Tile Bowlini; Green, 132

Dr. R. Bowman, 131

Governor Brisbane, 30

Alderman E. J. Brown, 4

Dr. Walter Brown, 107

Dr. W. S. Brown, 134, 135

Samuel Burse, 6

H. W. Burgin. 147

Colonel Burns, 109

C. E. Byrnes, 162

C. J. Byrnes, 28

James Byrnes, 6, 7

C. Cawood, 113

The Centennial Fountain, 74

Rev. A. H. Champion, 92

Alderman C. .\. B. Cliampion, 4

Choral Society Committee*, 158

Church Street Views, !i, 12, 16, 20, 24, 4:

44, 52, 79
The Citizens' Band*, 120
G. Coates. jun., 136
Dean Coffej', 55
Alderman A. H. Collett, 4
The Congregational Church, 60
Convent of Our Lady of Mercy, 57
W. Stewart Corr, S9
The Council*, 4

The First Coimcil Chamljers, 8
OfBcers of tlie Council*, 11
The Court House, IS
The Old Court House, 32
Colonel Cox, C.B., 113
F. C. Cox, 10

C. E. Dale, 43

Dancing the Lancers on Horseback, HI

Governor Darling, 30

Governor Denison, 30

District Scliool, 67

The Lower l>rive in the Park, 130

Ellison's Hotel, 32
Experiment Cottage, 39

Colonel Ferris, 6

The First Settlement, 31

Governor Fitzroy, 30

The Lady Mary Fitzroy Obelisk, 40

Football Team, 141

Rev. Robert Forrest, 85

The Gaol. 51
John Garlick. 148
Walter Gates. 148

Governor Gipps, 30

The Girls' Industrial School, 12 7

liobert Goldrick, 136

John Good, 6, 7

Rev. W. F. Gore, 50

Old Government House, 14, 15, 103

Alderman J. H. Graham, 4

H. Granger, 147

Archdeacon Gunther, 47

Captain Guyot*, 108

John Harper, Railway Commissioner, 150

Richard Harper, 6, 7

Rev. Dr. Harris, 101

William Hart*, 137

W. E. Hart, Aviator, 196

Henry Harvey, 7

Alderman J. W. Hill, 4

Judge H. T. Holroyd, 119

Tlie Horticultural Society Committee, 157

The Hospital, 26, 121

The Hospital Committee and Staff, 122, 123

Dr. Andrew Houisun, 148

James Houison, 7

Howell's Mill, 38

Irrigating an Orangery, 117

Mayor Jago, 4, 5
Rev. Richard Johnson, 33
Alex. Johnstone, 133
Rev. S. M. Jolinstone, 47

Dr. .1. Kearney, 143

Rev. Father Kenj-on, 55

Archdeacon King', 47

The King's School, 1861, 86

The King's School, 1899, 88

The King's School, 1911, 96

The King's School Chapel, 97, 98

C. A. Lee, M.L.A., 148
Rev. J. B. Leech, 63

The Leigh Memorial Church, 64
The Long Avenue in the Park, 82

George F. Macarthur, 73

Hannibal H. Macartliur, 118

John Macarthur, 72

John Macarthur's old Home, 41

E. L. Maitland, S.M.*, 151

Captain H. T. Mance, 148

The Market Euilding.«!, 32

A. E. Marsden*, 123

Samuel Marsden, 68

Edmund Mason, 80

H. Mason*, 123

The Medical Institute, 78

The Medical Institute Board, 124

The Military Barracks

Alderman T. It. Moxham, M.L.A., 120

John Neale, 7

Alderman W. P. Xoller 4, 151
The Nurses, Parramatta District Hos|iital,
122

Orchestral .Society Committee*, 159

D. P. O'Reilly, 119

Very Rev. T. O'lteilly*, 56

Park Views, 13, 15, 19, 21,

103, 115, 130, 132
Parramatta in 1792, 31
Parramatta in 1824, 70
Paj'ramatta in 1911. 71

23, 40, 82, 91,

Parramatta X. Public School, 84

Rev. John Paterson, 5D

E. P. Pearce, 10

Rev. G. C. Percival*. 65

Governor Phillip, 30

The Post OtHce. 16. 22

The Post OMice, I'arramatta -N"., 24

Mr. Justice I'ring, 94

Progress Association Executive*, 106

James Pye, 6, 7

Leslie \V. Pye, 139

The I'irst Railway Train, 36

Railway Commissioner H. Rieliardson. 153

The Railway Station, 25

Tlie Red Cow Inn, 37

Monsignor Rigne.v, 55

Ring's Bridge, 91

River Views. 17, 26

P. H. Robilliard*, 162

St. Andrew's Church, 58

St. Jolin's Church, 42, 45

St. John's Park, 74

St. John's Old Parsonage, 32. 69

St. Patrick's Church, 51

John Saunders, 11

Tlie School of Arts, 61

Tlie School of Arts Committee*. 155

The Searle Monument, 129

Alderman J. B. Smith, 4

Joseph Smith, 6

The Soldiers' Memorial, 77

J. S. Spurway, 150

Neil Stewart, 147

Subiaco Cottage, 32

Hugh Taylor, 28

John Taylor, 7

John Taylor's old xMart, 29

Alderman F. J. Thomas*, 4

The Three-decker Pulpit, 46

Toll Bar, 32

The Town Hall, 9

L. J. TroUope, 93

John Trott, 7

Rev. Stacy Waddy, 90
Rev. Joseph Walker, 65
William Walters*. 160
Rev. John Watsford, 81
Alderman John Waugh*, 4
Dr. R. I'hipps AVaugh*, 123
Dr. K. Whiting*, 123
Stanley Wickham, 140
Sydney Wickham, 12
T. H. Wilkinson, S.M,
John Williams, 6, 7
Dr. -n'. C. Williamson,
J. W. Withers, 6
Rev. Dr. Woolls, 76
The Old Woolpack, 35

, 151
128

NOTE. — Tlie a.sterisk (*) signifies that
the portrait from which illustration was
made was taken by Mr. P. Creagh. of the
Olive Studios. Parramatta. The landscapes
are nearly all the w-ork of Jlr. John Black,
of THE ARGl'S staff, who is also respon-
sible for the successful reproduction of
many of the old and faded prints. Copies
of any picture appearing in this Jubilee
History may be obtained in any reasonable
size at THE ARGUS Office, Church-street,
Parramatta.

19S

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

General Index.

Abbott. J. H. M., 100, 101

Aborigines, 43

Agricultural Societies, 116, 117

Agriculture, Parramatta and. 114-7

Agriculturist of Australia, The first, 116

Aldermen, The first, 5-7

Aldermen, The present, 4, 29

Alfred Square, 26, 138

Alfreds, The, 138

Alignment of Parramatta Streets, 154

All Saints' Church, 47-53

Anderson, Dr. Matthew, 50, 123

Anderson Fountain, The, 10

Annual Value (1862), 21

Annual Value (1910), Assessed, 21

ARGUS. THE CUMBERLAND, 3, 16, 33,

80, 81, 84, 140, 140;
Armitage, Rev. F., 51, 53, 73, 87, 94, 96, 108
Arndel!, Dr. Thomas, 33
Arundel, J.. 106, 118, 122, 124, 155, 159
Astronomers, Parramatta, 77-80
Athletics in Parramatta, 132, 133-145
Athletics in The King's School, 98-101
Atkins, Judge Advocate, 36, 72
Auditor. The first. 7
Australian Arms Hotel. The, 35
Aviator, The First Australian, 196

Bailiff, The first, 11

Bank of X.S.W., The, 35, 44

Banks, Sir Joseph, 82

Baptist Church, The, 35, 62-3

Barker, Bishop, 52

Barker, J. C, 7. 10, 29, 108

Barracks, The Military, 110

Barrv, Alfred, 158

Bartiett, R. C. 9, 124. 125. 126, 142

Bathing-house, The old, 35

Batman, John, 81

Beames, F., 6, 27

Becher, Rev. R. F., 61, 62

Bedingfeld, T. W., 151

Belmore, Governor, 33

Bettington, J. B., 48, 50, 53

Betts, E. M., 132, 138, 145

Bligli. Governor, 72, 73, 131

Blomfield, Rev. J. R., 51, 53

Bloxham, F. E., 129, 158

Bobart, Rev. H. H., 46, 47, 48, 87

Bodenham, W. W., 122, 123. 124, 138, 158

Boer War, Parramatta soldiers in the, 108.

109, 110, 111, 112
Booth, Joseph, 6, 27, 156
Bourke, Governor, 30, 39, 86, 95
Eourke, Mrs., 39
Bowden, E. K., 162, 163
Bowden, J. E., 19, 124
Bowden, T. W., 6, 27, 123
Bowling, 35, 133-6
Bowman, Dr. R., 123, 124, 131, 157
Brennan, Rev. M., 55, 56
Bri.sbane. Governor, 30, 39, 46, 77, 78, 79,

SO, 116, 143
Broughton, Bishop, 47, 48, 50, 51, 75, 85, 86
Broughton House, 92, 98
Broughton Scholarship and Exhibition, 89
Brown, Dr. Walter, 107, 108,, 123, 134, 136
Brown, Dr. W. S., 100, 10], 108, 122, 123,

124, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 142
Brown. E. J., 29, 108. 131. 142
Burge. Samuel, 6, 27, 63, 105
Burgin. H. W., 147

Burkitt. W. R., 91, 94. 9t;. 99. 134, 138, 142
Burns, Colonel, 109, llO. m, 112, 157, 160
Button. J, 124. 125, 131

Byrnes, C. E., 158, 162

Byrnes, C. J., 27, 28. 105, 108, 119, 120, 122,

123, 124, 133, 134, 135, 138
Byrnes, H., 108
Byrnes, James, 5, 6, 7, 12, 15, 27, 83, 105,

120, 123, 132. 152

Cabbage-tree Hat Brigade, The, 44

Cadets. The, 112

Caley, George, SI, 82

Camden, 72

Cameron, Rev. F., 4S, 40, 50, 51

Capital and Labor, 34-7

Capital Punishment. 33

Carey, Rev. W. H.. 63

Carr, Vince, 63

Cattle-raising in Church finances, 65

Cavalry, Parramatta, 109-113

Cawood, C, 108, 113, 132

Centenary Church, Parramatta, 66, 67

Jentenary of Australian Methodism, The 64

Centennial Fountain, The, 74

Central Cumberland Electorate C.C, 139

Central Cumberland v. England. 139

Champion. C. A. B.. 4, 29

Champion, Rev. A. H.. 89, 93, 90, 98, 157

Chaplain, The first, 33

Chaplain, The second. See Marsden

Cherry Tree Gardens, 86

•'Chronicle, The Parramatta," 80

Churches of Parramatta, The, 45-67 '

Clarke, Rev. W. B.. 14, 48, 74, 75, 85, 86, 87

Coaches, 33, 42

(^oates, George, 28, 125. 126

Coates, George, jun., 124, 134. 135, 138

Coffey, Dean, 32. 55, 56

Collett, A. H., 29

Colley, H., 29

Conference, First Wages, 34

Congregational Cliurch, The, 59, 60

Convent of Our Lady of Mercy, 57

Convict Depot, Female, 37

Convict Labor, 37

Cook, Hon. Joseph, 119, 121

Corr, W. S., 90, 92, 97, 98

Cottage Homes, 127, 129

Council, The first, 5, 7

(^'ouncil Cliambers, The first, 7, 29

Council Clerk, Tlie first, 7, 29

Council Clerks, 7, 10, 28, 29

Council Officers (1911), 11

Court House. Tlie, 18

Court House, l'"irst, 36

Court House, Second, 26, 32

Court Pride of Australia, 125-6

Coutts, Rev. T.. 58

Cow^per, H. B.. 122, 124

Cowper, Sir Charles. 9, S3, 152

Cox, Col. C. F., 109, 110. Ill, 112, 113

Cox. F. C, 10, 27, 133, 134, 135

Cox. William. 11. 116

(Cumberland Agricultural Societies, 117

CUMBERL.AXD ARGUS, THE. See

ARGUS
Cumberland Park, 33
Cumberland, Duke of, 33
"Cumberland Times," No. I., 80; No. IL, 81
Curnow, Rev. W., 66

Dalmas, W., 91, 94, 95, 138

D'arcy, D. G.. 129

Dare, A. R., 7

Dare, G. E., 43

Dare's Mill, 43, 83

Darling, Governor, 30, 55, 131, 143

Darvall. J. B., 121

Davey, G. B., 138. 141

Davies, S., 11, 29, 155

Davis, J., 75

Dawes, Lieut,, 31, 34, 107

Defence, Parramatta and, 107, 113

Delaney, J. D., 91, 96

DeLow, R. H., 29

Denison, Governor, 14, 15, 30, 39. II 131,

132, 152
Destitute, Asylums for the, 128
District School, The, 67, 105
Dixon. Rev. James. 55
Done, Rev. John, 51, 53
Draper, Rev. D. J., 66
Drewett. P. A., 154
Druitt, Archdeacon, 87
Drummond. J.. 124. 125
Dunlop, James, 77, 78, 79, SO

Eades, T., 133
Eddy, E. M. G.. 150
Edgell, C, 59. 60, 01
Edrop, J., 123
Eedy. A., 141

Elizabeth Farm. 41. 71. 7 2
EJlliott, George, 123
Ellis, J., 11
Ellison's Hotel, 32
Emancipists, 39
"Immigrant," 145
i Erby, G. T., 122, 124
Experiment Cottage, 39, 114

Factory, The, 37-9

Farnell, J. S., 34, S3, 119, 132

Ferguson, R. M., 67

Ferris, W. J., 6, 27, 108, 119, 120, 138

Fifty Years Ago, 43

Finances, Municipal, 8, 13-21

Finlayson, J., 59, 134, 159

First Agriculturist in .Australia, 114

First Apples in Australia. 116

First Auditor of Parramatta Council, 7

First Australian Aviator, 196

First Bailiff of Parramatta Council, 11

First Blood Horse foaled in Australia, 143

First Boy at NewMngton College, 149

First Boys at The King's School, 86

First Brewer.v in Parramatta, 34

First Chaplain, 33

First Colonial Troops to visit England for

Training, 111
First Conference between Capital and
Labor. 35

j First Council, 5, 7

I First Council Chambers. 8, 26

. First Grapes grown in .Australia, 115
First Harvest gathered in Australia, 114

I First Headmaster T.K.S.. 85. S6
First Hops .grown in Australia, 34
First Horse Race in .Australia, 143
First Hospital in Parramatta, 33
First Land (jrant in .Australia, 114
First Loan of Parramatta Council, 8
First "Log" in Australia, 36
First Magistrate in Parramatta, 32
First Mass said in Parramatta, 55
First Mayor of Parramatta, 5, 6
First Medical Man in Parramatta, 33
First Member for Parramatta, 118
First Methodist Missiiwiary, 63
First Newspaper in Parranuitta, 80
First Nun professed in .\ustr.alia. 56

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

]f)9

First Old Eoys' Union in Australia, 118
Fir&t Oranges grown in Australia, 116
First Parliament umler Itesponsible Go-
vernment, lis
First President Australasian Wesleyan

Conference, 66, SI
First Printer in Australia, SO
First Protestant Place of Worship in Par-

raniatta, 5'.t
First Railway Commissioners, 152
First Railway .Station in l^arramatta, 41,

152
First Rate levied in I'arramatta, 21
First R.C. Chapel in I'arramatta, 55, 56
First Schoolmaster in Parramatta, 34
First f^ettlement in Parramatta, 36
First dhop in Parramatta, 33
First Town Clerk in Parramatta, 7, 29
First Town .Surveyor in Parramatta, 8
First \'aluer in Parramatta, 7
First Volunteers (Infantry), 107
First Volunteers (Lancersi, 109
First Wages Roard in Australia, 36
First Woman of Kuropean Parents born in

Australia, 118
Fitzroy, Governor, 30, 311, IS, 131
Fitzroy, Lady Mary, 39, 40
Fleming, H. C, 159
Football, 94, 99, 141

Forrest, Rev. R., 48, 85, 86, 87, 91, 94, 102
Forsaith, Rev. T. S., 59, 60, 61, 62
Forsytli, A. F., 126
Fruit, Proliibition of, 115, 116
Fuel for Locomotives, 152
Fullagar, H., 133, 134, 138
Fuller. Matron, 122. 124
Fyall, .1. G.. 124, 125

Gaol, The Log, 34

Gaol, The Old, 34

Gaol, The Present, 34, 129

GarliclJ, J., 148

Gas, The Introducer of, 82, 83

Gates, W., 124, 125, 126, 149

Gazzard, Noah, 59, 61

Gillespie, A., 125, 126

Gipps, Governor, 30, 4S, 131

Girls' Industrial School, 127

Gold, 40, 76

Gold Rush in Parramatta. 4 3

Goldrick, R., 133, 134, 136, 138, 148

Good, John. 5, fi, 26, 27. 28

Goodman. W. R., 124, 123

Gore, Rev. W. K., 48. 51, 52, 53, 94, 123

Government House, Xo. I., 14, 39

Government House, Xo. II., 39, 115, 131

Government House in 1900, 103

Government House in 1911, 15, 92, 98

Government Institutions, Parramatta, 126

Governor's Club, The, 143

Governors, Early, 30

Grammar School in Australia, The Oldest

— See King's School
Granger, H., 147
Gray, Rev. A. St. John, 88, 96
Greenup, Dr., 123, 138
Grose. I.,ieut. Governor. 107
Gunther. Archdeacon. 3. 32, 45, 47, 88, 156
Guyot, J. K., 108

Hall, rir. E. C, 122, 124, 157

Harkus, R. 10., 109, 110, 111

Harold. Rev. .1., 55

Harper, J,, 150

Harper, R., 6, 27. 83, 132, 135, 136

Harper, R. W., 158

Harris, John, 39, 114

Harris. Rev. Dr.. 88, 96, 99, 101, 103, 104 ,156

Hart, William, 137

Hassall, Rev. J. S., 86

Hassall, Rev. R., 59, 72

Hassall, Rev. T., 48

Hayes, P., 7, 37

Healthfulness of I'arramatta, 22-3

Heaton, J. H., 29, 138

Hellberg, J., 134

Hellyer, T., 29, 133, 142

Henderson, I). D., 59, lOS, 134. 135, 136

Hill, J. AV., 29, 97, 106, 155, 157, 158, 159

Holroyd, A. T., 119, 120

Horse Traction for Railwa\-s, 152, 153

Hospital, Civil and Military, 122

Hospital. Colonial, 122

Hospital, Committee and Staff of the pre-
sent, 122

Hospital for Insane, 38, 128-9

Hospital in Parramatta, The first, 33, 39

Hospital, Parramatta District, 26, 91, 122-4

Houison, Dr. A., 1, 57, 75, 85, 87, 108, 116,
149

Houison, James, 5, 53, 57, 123

Howell's Mill, 38, 43

Hume, Hamilton, 81

Hunter, Governor, 31, 35, 45, 55, 107

Hunt's Creek Reservoir, S, 9, 13, 17

Icely, Tliomas, 41, 143

Improved Capital Value, I'arramatta, 21

Industrial School for Girls, 127

Infantr.N', \'olunteei', 107

Inglis, Rev. J. W., 58, 156

Innes, Rev. G. A. C, 51, 52

Inne.s, Sir Oeorge, 89, 90

In.sane, Hospital for the, 38, 128-9

Interre.anum at T.K.S., The, 87, 93-4

Iredale. F., 138, 140

Jago, W. F., 5, 27, 29, 106, 155, 157, 158, 159
Jamison, Sir John, 116, 143
Johns, J., 62

Johnson, Rev. R., 33, 34, 45, 69, 116
Johnston, Colonel, 72, 107
Jolinstone, A.. 133, 134
Johnstone, Rev. S. M., 4 7
Jones, S., 126
Jose, A. W., 156

Journalism, The leather of Parramatta,
80-1

Kearney, Ur. J., 123, 124
Kimber, W. A., 134, 136
King, Archdeacon R. L., 32, 46, 123
King, Governor, 45, 55, 72, 73, 81, 82, 131
! King's Scliool, The, 46, 73, 75, 76, 85-104
King's School, an Old Boys' School, 90-2
King's School, Athletics at, 98-101
King's Scliool, Changes and Alterations,

95-8
King's School Chapel, 94, 95, 96-7. 98
King's School Commemoration Day, 102
King's School in the sixties, 93-5
Kings School, The Interregnum, 87, 93-4
King's School, The Old Boys' Union, 101-4
King's Scliool, AYh.at it stands for. 92
Kitchener, L..rd, HI, 112

Labor and Capital, 34
Labor, Convict, 9, 1 8
Lackey, Sir John, 34, 83, 118. 120
Lancers, N.S.W., 109
Lee, C. A., 147
Leech, Rev. J. E., 63
Leigh, Rev. S., 64, 65, 66
Leigh Memorial Church, The. 63, 64, 66
Lighting the Town, S, 9, 11, 13
Lismore. Governor, 30

Little, T. n., 35, 38, 43, 122, 123, 124, 134,
l.'',6, 137, 138, 139, 150, 158

Litton, L. C, 134
Lloyd, Rev. A., 60, 61
Loan, The first Municipal, 8
Long, W. A., 120
Lovell, F., 141

Loyal Sydney and Parramatta Association,
107

Macarthur, G. F., 32, 73-4, 86, 87, 88, 91.

94, 95, 96, 99, 102, 138
Macarthur, Hannibal H., 32, 48, 73, 116,

118, 123
Macarthur, James, 40, 72, 117
Macarthur, John, 33, 41, 71, 72, 118
Macarthur, Sir K., 41, 71
Mackenzie, R. C, 110
Macquarie, Governor, 55, 69, 131
Maitland, E. L., 151
Mance, Captain H. T., 149
Mansfield, Rev. R., 65, 66, 82-3
Manton, J. A., 66, 157
Manton, Rev. J. A., 6S
Manton, William J. K., 66
Marsden, A. K., 123, 124, 129, 132, ,134, 135.

136
Marsden, Rev. Samuel, 32, 34, 45, 46, 47,

48, 54, 68, 71. 72, 82, 115. 131
Markets, The, 25, 32
Martin, C. J., Sir James, 83, 84, 120
Martin, H. M., 38, 81
Mason, Edmund, 80-1, 123
Mason, H., 123, 124, 135, 136
Masters, C, 40
Mayoral Deadlock, The, 27
Mayors of Parramatta (1862-19111, 27
Medical Institute, 7S. 12 1-5
Meggitt, H. W., 122, 124
"Mercury, The Cumberland," 80, 84
"Mercury, The Parramatta," 80, 84
Mercy, College of Our Lady of, 56
"Merinos, Pure," 39

Methodism, Centenary of Australian, 64
Methodist Church, The. 63-7
Methodist Union. 66, 67
Military Barracks, 43
Mitchell Library, The, 4 6
Motntt, W. G., 11
Mood, Ralph, 11, 18, 29
Morgan, Peter,- 122, 124, 125
Morris, E. A., Ill
Mortimer, G., 124, 12.t
Moxham, T. R., 27, 120. 125, 142
Murphy, Michael, 154
Murray, J. H., 35
Music in Parramatta, 56-7
Muston, T., 67
Muston, W., 124

Xames of Settlement al Parramatta, 31, 32

Xash, W., 12, 13, 116, 117

National School, The, 35, 105

Nepean, Captain. 71

Nepean Water Supply. 16, 17

Newington College, 66, 94, 99, 100, 101, 149.

154
Newman, Rev. C. T., 66
New South W'ales. Bank of, 35, 4 4
New South Wales Corps, 107
Nicholl, W., 133

Noller, W. P., 27, 29, 131, 151, 159. 160
Numbering Houses in Parramatta, 25
Nun iirofessed in Australia, First, 56

Oakes, George, 118. 119, 120, 123, 152
Oberman, H.. 11
(>bservator,y, The, 77
o'Grady, P. F., 110

Oldest Grammar School in .Australia.
King's School

See

200

THE JUBILEE HISTORY OF PARRAMATTA.

O'Neil, Rev. Peter, 55
Oranges in Australia, First, 116
Orclianls in Parramatta, First, 115
Orchestral Society, Parramatta and Dis-
trict, IfiO
OUeilly, IX P., S3, 108, 119, 138, 139
O'Reilly, Very Rev. Thomas, 56, 122, 124
Our Men in War Time. 113

Park. Parramatta, 13. 21, 23, 77, 91, 115,

117, 129, 130-132
Parker, Sir H. W., 41, 118, 119, 120, 121
Parkes, Sir Henry, 80, 83, 118, 121
Parramatta Pistrict School, 07
Parramatta Turf Club, 143
Parramatta, Tlie winner of first horse-race

in Australia, 143
Paterson, Rev. .1., 58
Payten, A., 7, 35. 59, 133. 134
Payten X., 133
Pearce. E. P., 10
Percival. Rev. G. C, 63, 65
Phillili, Governor. 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 39, 55,

114, 115, 131
Poldins". Arclibishop, 56
Politics in Parramatta. llS-121
Pollock, T. W., 131
Population (1861-1911), 21
Postage in Parramatta, Penny, 83
Postal Facilities in Early Days, 42-3
Power, Rev. D., 55, 56
Primitive Methodists. 63
Pring, Mr. .Justice, 94-5. 96, 138
Prog:ress. as sliown by Railways, 153
Progress, as sliown hy Tlirift, 154
"Pure Merinos, Tlie," 39
Purnell, Rev. O. H., 62

Pye, James, 5. 6. 12, 14, 1 .-). 16. 17, 27, 53, 117
Pye, D. W.. 101. 139. 140

Queen's Wliarf, The, 25
Quisley, H., 136

Racing and Hunting. 143

Railway Commissioners. First. 152

Railway Opened. First, 40, 152

Railways, 152-4

Rate levied in Parramatta, First, 21

Rawe, G., 143

Rawlinson, S. G., 159

"Rebellion" at the Factory, 38

"Red Cow. The," 26, 37, 116

Responsible Government, lis

Richardson. Harry. 152, 153

Richardson. Ralph. 16, 153

Richardson, R. S.. 138

Rifle Shooting, 108

Rifles. Parramatta Volunteer, 107

Rigney, Monsignor, 55

River Transport. 33

Roberts. E. A., 99

Roberts. Lord, 112

Robilliard. P. H.. 162. 163

"Rose Hill." 31

Robertson, Sir John, 9, S3

Rosehill Racing Club and Course, 144, 145

Rowling, A., 138

Rowling, IC. L., 67

Rugby Football in Parramatta. 99, 141

Rumker. C. L.. 77. 7.S, 79, SO

Ruse. Jolin, 39. 114

Rutter. Dr. R. C, 123

Rutter, Matron, 123

St. Andrew's Churcli, 57

St. John's Church. 42, 45-7

St. John's Park, 74

St. John's Parsona.ue, 32
I St. Patrick's Cluirch, 54-6

Salailine, L. W., 11

Sargent, T. J., 125

Saunders, Jolin, 11, 27, 125

Savings Bank of X.S.AV., 84, 154

Scliaeffer. Pliilip, 114

Scholarship Boards at T.K.S., Two, S9

Scliool of Arts, Parramatta, 155

Schoolmaster in Parramatta, First, 34

Sewerage System. Tlie 24, 25

Slieehy, Archpriest, 56

Show, First Agricultural, 117

Siely, J., 145

Simpson, Rev. W., 86, 87

Sisters of Mercy, 56

Smith, Gilbert, 108

Smitli, J. B., 4, 29

Smith. Josepli, 6. 27

Sorlie. J.. 141, 142

Soudan Contingent, Parramatta memhers
of. 108

Spurway, J., 138. 139, 150

Staff. J. F., 46

Statham, E. H., 51, 52, 53. 108, 155

Steam Power for Railways, 152, 153

Stenmark, T. O., 134

Stewart, Mrs. Keith, 40, 152

Stewart, Neil. 59, 108, 133. 134, 147
I Stiles, Rev. G. E. C, 51

Straub, R., 134

Straughen, Rev. J., 63
! Subiaco Cottage. 32
I Sulman, J., 109, 110
! Summons, C, 122, 124

Sumner, Dean. 56

Sunday Schools in Australia, Founder of, ,^9

Superior Public School, I'arramatta X., l"'i

Suttor, George. 14, 81-2. 108. 123

Sydney Light Horse. 109

Sydney Turf Club. 143

Taylor, Hush, 27, 2S. S3, S4. 120, 125, 13S
Taylor, Jolin, 5, 7, 12, 2S, 29, 84, 94, 108,

132, 154
Therry, Archpriest, 55
Thomas, D. J., 90, 91, 92
Tliomas. F. J.. 29, 155, 157, 158
Thomas, J. H., 8
Thompson, A.. 128
Thomson, E. Deas, 156
Three-decker Pulpit, Tlie. 46
Tluirston. J., 83, 84

Todhunter, F. W.. HI. 142. 155, 162, I6J

Toll Bars, 32

Town Hall, Tiie, 9, 12, 25-7, 33

Trams, 41

Trivett. J. B., 21

Trollope, L. J., 87. 93

Trougliton, Rev. Jolm. 48

Tnuighton. Rev. .lames, 86

Tull, John, 34

Tiinks, L. Li., 109

Veitch, G., 11

Vineyards in Parramatta, 115-116

Volunteer Rilles, Tlie I'arramatta, 107, lOS

Volunteer Lancers. 109

\'olunteers. The. 43. 94, 107

"A*o\age. The," 75

VVaddy, K. L., 140

Waddy, Rev. E. I-'.. !i2. 140

Waddy, Rev. P. S., 89, 90-2, 95-6, 100

Waddy. Richard A., 89. 101, 108

Wade, C. G., 89, 100, 101, 137, 142

^^'ages Board in Australia, The first, 36

Walford, S. R., 101, 138, 139, 140

Walker, Rev. James, 4S, 51, 73, 87

Walker, Rev. Joseph, 66

Wallaroo Football Club, 99

Walshe, Rev. T., 54

Watchmen in Parramatta, 34

Water Commissioners, The, 16

Water Supply, 8, 9, 13

Watkins, F. N., 154

Watsford, Rev. John, 66, 81

Walters, W., 125

Watts, Lieut., 39

Waugh, Dr. Isaac, 123. 136, 138

Waugh. Dr. R. I'bipps, 123, 124, 158

Waugh. John. 27, 29, 158

Westniacott, Captain, 86

Whiting, Dr. K.. 123

Whitton, John, 152

Wickham, L., 141, 142

Wickham, Stanley, 140. 141. 142

Wickham, Sydney. 12. 27, 28, 29

Wilkinson, A. B., 102

Wilkinson, T. H., 151

Williams. John, 5, 6, 7, 27, 28

Williams. Mother F. X., 56

Williamson. 1 ir, W. C, 121

Wilson. .).. 13S, 139, 140

Withers, J. W., 6, 27

Withers, R. A., 124, 156

Wood as fuel for Engines, 152

\\"ooden Churches. 45, 57

Wool Industry, The, 72

Wool. Prices of, 116

Woolls. Rev. Dr., 50. 53. 73, 74, 75, 76, 84,

86, 156
"Woolpack, The," 26, 35. 116
Wool]iack Bowline Chili, 134

Young, G. E., 16
Young, Governor. 30
Young, Rev. P. S., 67

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Full text of "The jubilee history of Parramatta : in commemoration of the first half-century of municipal government, 1861-1911"

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